Spectral analysis of the 3B flare on September 19, 1979: asymmetries and shifts of metallic lines     

Ding Ming-de  Fang Cheng  T. Okamoto 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1993,17(4):413-422

The asymmetries and Doppler shifts of metallic lines of the 3B flare on September 19, 1979 are investigated in this paper. The results show that: (1) red asymmetries dominate in strong metallic lines, but blue asymmetries also exist in some weak lines; (2) the maximum of the line asymmetry always precedes the maximum of the line intensity; (3) the blue asymmetry occurs generally in the early phase, and can occasionally turn to a red one in the later phase; and (4) the line center has no obvious shift, regardless of the line asymmetry. It is proposed that, the mass motions around the temperature minimum region caused by the impulsive heating or the propagation of the chromospheric condensation can explain these observational results. The study on metallic lines has an auxiliary help for understanding the dynamic process in the lower atmosphere of solar flares.  相似文献   

Magnetized centrifugal winds     

Isao Okamoto 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,327(1):55-68

It is argued that for steady, axisymmetric, non-relativistic magneto-centrifugal winds, not only the boundary and criticality conditions but also the current-closure condition are of crucial significance as global conditions in resolving the acceleration-collimation problem. In Sakurai's numerical models, the split-monopole field adopted at the surface of the source provided the most favourable condition for global collimation of the flow, by making the domain of anti -collimating flow with outgoing electric current degenerate into an infinitely thin boundary layer at the equator, and hence suppressing the explicit appearance of the current-closure condition.
For more general or realistic boundary conditions at the source, it is shown that the current-closure condition yields a two-component structure (with the return current at least in part in a volume current, not totally a sheet current) as a natural consequence of the transfield equation in the asymptotic domain. This equation, combined with the Bernoulli (and other) integrals, requires the wind to tend asymptotically to a 'quasi-conical' structure, as a natural consequence of the flow particles' becoming more and more ballistic as a result of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) acceleration. This is a result that the Poynting energy flux diminishes to zero along each field line. The criticality problem is solved for magneto-centrifugal winds, to give the eigenvalues of the Alfvénic distance and other quantities at the fast magnetosonic surface, situated somewhere between the subasymptotic and asymptotic domains.  相似文献   

Tectonic signatures in coseismic gravitational energy change   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Toshiro Tanimoto  Taro Okamoto  Fabia Terra 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,149(2):490-498

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A model for sedimentary compaction of a viscous medium and its application to inner-core growth     

Ikuro Sumita    Shigeo Yoshida    Mineo Kumazawa  Yozo Hamano 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,124(2):502-524

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Boron isotopic composition of fumarolic condensates from some volcanoes in Japanese island arcs     

Masao Nomura  Tadao Kanzaki  Takejiro Ozawa  Makoto Okamoto  Hidetake Kakihana 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(11):2403-2406

Boron samples from 40 fumarolic condensates from volcanoes in the Ryukyu arc (Satsuma Iwo-jima and Shiratori Iwo-yama) and the North-east Japan arc (Usu-shinzan, Showa-shinzan, Esan and Issaikyo-yama) all have ${}^{11}\text{B}{}^{10}\text{B}$ ratios close to 4.07. Higher values, from 4.09 to 4.13, were only observed in condensates from volcanoes in the southernmost end of the North-east Japan arc (Nasu-dake), the northern part of the Izu-Bonin arc (Hakone), and the North Mariana arc (Ogasawara Iwo-jima). These higher values suggest geological interaction of the magmas with sea-water enriched in ¹¹B.  相似文献   

Upper limit of heaving pressure derived by pore-water pressure measurements of partially frozen soil     

Tsutomu Takashi  Takahiro Ohrai  Hideo Yamamoto  Jun Okamoto 《Engineering Geology》1981,18(1-4):245-257

Experiments were conducted to estimate heaving pressures of saturated soil partially frozen in a closed system. Temperatures at both ends of a specimen were kept constant, i.e., positive at the top and negative at the bottom. When the overburden pressure P was maintained at a constant value, the pore-water pressure P_w, which showed a certain value before freezing, decreased gradually as freezing progressed, finally attaining a specific value, whereafter the specimen ceased taking water into it. The pressure difference between P and P_w, at this stage was defined as the upper limit of heaving pressure σ_u, which evidently depended on the temperature θ_c of the cooling end, in accordance with the relation: σ_u = −11.4 θ_c (kg/cm²)

It corresponds to the modified Clausius-Clapeyron's formula, which gives the freezingpoint depression of an ice—water system, where the pressure acting on the ice differs from that on the water. This is the same as the value obtained by Radd and Oertle (1973). It is considered, however, that, when θ_c lowers, the value of θ_u reaches finally a constant value smaller than the one obtained by the above equation. Denoted by σ_{u max}, it was defined as a maximum heaving pressure. The value of σ_{u max} depended on soil type.  相似文献   

Kinetics of intracrystalline cation redistribution in olivine and its implication     

Tadashi Akamatsu  Mineo Kumazawa 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1993,19(7):423-430

The rate of cation redistribution between M 1 and M 2 sites in olivine is theoretically studied on the basis of elementary processes of cationic migration. Cationic migration in olivine structure is assumed to be the superposition of a unit exchange of cations between closely spaced couple of sites. Such a process gives rise to both cation redistribution and also cationic interdiffusion in olivine crystal. The time constant of cationic equilibration in the redistribution reaction is related to the interdiffusion coefficient along b-axis, and its numerical value is given as a function of temperature and composition in Mg-Fe olivine. This time constant is very short, e.g., in the order of 10^?2～10^?4 s at 1000 ° C. The temperature dependence of cation distribution in Mg-Fe olivine could not be detected by heating and quenching experiments in some previous works, because of insufficient cooling rate. A skepticism is presented for the utility of cation distribution as a geothermometer or rate meter of cooling. Cation redistribution in olivine in the deep upper mantle is sufficiently fast to take place almost in phase with the seismic waves of long periods.  相似文献   

The Use of Infrared Thermography for Porosity Assessment of Intact Rock   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Mineo  G. Pappalardo 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(8):3027-3039

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A complex earth slide–earth flow induction by the heavy rainfall in July 2006, Okaya City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan     

Yasuhiko Okada  Hirotaka Ochiai  Takashi Okamoto  Kyoji Sassa  Hiroshi Fukuoka  Ogbonnaya Igwe 《Landslides》2007,4(2):197-203

A seasonal rain front (Baiu front) accompanied a long-term accumulation of precipitation propagated over the wide areas of the main island of Japan during 15–24 July 2006. In Okaya City, Nagano Prefecture, several flow-type landslides occurred in the early morning of 19 July 2006, claiming eight lives. Among these landslides, a most peculiar complex earth slide–earth flow occurred on a north gentle slope of the upstream portion of the Motosawagawa River. In the source area, volcanoclastic soils overlying tuffaceous rocks at about 4-m depth slid due to the prolonged precipitation that raised the water table level in the soil. Along with the travel path, the failed materials fluidized causing the liquefaction of the volcanoclastic soils underlain by volcanic black ash soils. The resulting flow spread over a wide area up to the final deposition. Constant volume box-shear tests on undisturbed volcanoclastic soil specimens taken from the source area showed effective normal stress tended to decrease during shearing. The ring shear tests on saturated disturbed specimens produced the large loss of shear resistance, which may explain the fluidized motion of the complex landslide.  相似文献   

Water transportation from the subducting slab into the mantle transition zone   总被引：4，自引：9，他引：4  

Shigenori Maruyama  Kazuaki Okamoto 《Gondwana Research》2007,11(1-2):148

Using a recently developed petrogenetic grid for MORB + H₂O, we propose a new model for the transportation of water from the subducting slab into the mantle transition zone. Depending on the geothermal gradient, two contrasting water-transportation mechanisms operate at depth in a subduction zone. If the geothermal gradient is low, lawsonite carries H₂O into mantle depths of 300 km; with further subduction down to the mantle transition depth (approximately 400 km) lawsonite is no longer stable and thereafter H₂O is once migrated upward to the mantle wedge then again carried down to the transition zone due to the induced convection. At this depth, hydrous β-phase olivine is stable and plays a role as a huge water reservoir. In contrast, if the geothermal gradient is high, the subducted slab may melt at 700–900 °C at depths shallower than 80 km to form felsic melt, into which water is dissolved. In this case, H₂O cannot be transported into the mantle below 80 km. Between these two end-member mechanisms, two intermediate types are present. In the high-pressure intermediate type, the hydrous phase A plays an important role to carry water into the mantle transition zone. Water liberated by the lawsonite-consuming continuous reaction moves upward to form hydrous phase A in the hanging wall, which transports water into deeper mantle. This is due to a unique character of the reaction, because Phase A can become stable through the hydration reaction of olivine. In the case of low-pressure intermediate type, the presence of a dry mantle wedge below 100 km acts as a barrier to prevent H₂O from entering into deeper mantle.  相似文献