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961.
Jia-Ming Deng Tan K. Wang Ben Jhong Yang Chao-Shing Lee Char-Shine Liu Song-Chuen Chen 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2012,33(4):327-349
During TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research of 2009, we investigated data from thirty-seven ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) and three multi-channel seismic (MCS) profiles across the deformation front in the northernmost South China Sea (SCS) off SW Taiwan. Initial velocity-interface models were built from horizon velocity analysis and pre-stack depth migration of MCS data. Subsequently, we used refracted, head-wave and reflected arrivals from OBS data to forward model and then invert the velocity-interface structures layer-by-layer. Based on OBS velocity models west of the deformation front, possible Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, revealed by large variation of the lateral velocity (3.1–4.8 km/s) and the thickness (5.0–10.0 km), below the rift-onset unconformity and above the continental crust extended southward to the NW limit of the continent–ocean boundary (COB). The interpreted Mesozoic sedimentary rocks NW of the COB and the oceanic layer 2 SE of the COB imaged from OBS and gravity data were incorporated into the overriding wedge below the deformation front because the transitional crust subducted beneath the overriding wedge of the southern Taiwan. East of the deformation front, the thickness of the overriding wedge (1.7–5.0 km/s) from the sea floor to the décollement decreases toward the WSW direction from 20.0 km off SW Taiwan to 8.0 km at the deformation front. In particular, near a turn in the orientation of the deformation front, the crustal thickness (7.0–12.0 km) is abruptly thinner and the free-air (?20 to 10 mGal) and Bouguer (30–50 mGal) gravity anomalies are relatively low due to plate warping from an ongoing transition from subduction to collision. West of the deformation front, intra-crustal interfaces dipping landward were observed owing to subduction of the extended continent toward the deformation front. However, the intra-crustal interface near the turn in the orientation of the deformation front dipping seaward caused by the transition from subduction to collision. SE of the COB, the oceanic crust, with a crustal thickness of about 10.0–17.0 km, was thickened due to late magmatic underplating or partially serpentinized mantle after SCS seafloor spreading. The thick oceanic crust may have subducted beneath the overriding wedge observed from the low anomalies of the free-air (?50 to ?20 mGal) and Bouguer (40–80 mGal) gravities across the deformation front. 相似文献
962.
Ahmed Mohamed Youssef 《Natural Resources Research》2008,17(4):215-226
Recently, both the Egyptian government and private sector have been interested in developing low desert zone areas. The low
desert zones are located between the recent Nile flood plain and the limestone plateau, from the east and west sides, and
represent an important source of aggregate materials. The development of these areas, however, will reduce the supply of aggregate
materials so that new sources must be identified. This study describes several processing methods, applied to a Landsat Enhanced
Thematic Mapper Plus image of 2001, to develop a reliable method to map the aggregate materials. By using different enhancement
techniques with the help of a supervised classification method, it was found that decorrelation stretch and principal component
analysis are the most suitable methods to discriminate between different types of aggregates, as well as to isolate these
aggregates from the surrounding materials. Field and laboratory investigations indicated that two types of aggregates were
recognized, confirming the remote sensing findings. 相似文献
963.
Khadidja Abbes Louis Dorbath Catherine Dorbath Mohamed Djeddi Farida Ousadou Said Maouche Nassima Benkaci Abdennasser Slimani Said Larbes Djillali Bouziane 《Journal of Seismology》2016,20(2):655-667
A moderate Mw 4.9 earthquake struck the Beni Haoua (Algeria) coastal area on April 25, 2012. The mainshock was largely recorded by the accelerograph network of the Centre National de Recherche Appliquée en Génie Parasismique (CGS). The same day the earthquake occurred, eight mobile short period stations were deployed through the epicentral area. In this study, we use accelerogram and seismogram data recorded by these two networks. We combined the focal mechanism built from the first motion of P waves and from waveform inversion, and the distribution of aftershocks to well constrain the source parameters. The mainshock is located with a shallow focal depth, ~9 km, and the focal mechanism shows a nearly pure left lateral strike slip motion, with total seismic moment of 2.8?×?1016 N.m (Mw?=?4.9). The aftershocks mainly cluster on a narrow NS strip, starting at the coast up to 3–4 km inland. This cluster, almost vertical, is concentrated between 6 and 10 km depth. The second part of this work concerns the damage distribution and estimated intensity in the epicentral area. The damage distribution is discussed in connection with the observed maximum strong motion. The acceleration response spectrum with 5 % damping of the mainshock and aftershocks give the maximum amplitude in high frequency which directly affects the performance of the high-frequency structures. Finally, we tie this earthquake with the seismotectonic of the region, leading to conclude that it occurred on a N–S transform zone between two major compressional fault zones oriented NE–SW. 相似文献
964.
近年来发现黔南地区下石炭统打屋坝组发育厚度较大的黑色页岩层,该地层已经成为黔南地区重要的页岩气目标地层。为进一步了解该地层的页岩气参数,评价其页岩气勘探潜力,对代页1井打屋坝组黑色页岩进行观察和取样分析,显示该井打屋坝组黑色页岩钻厚为80 m,总体为一套深水陆棚相沉积; 干酪根显微组分以腐泥组、壳质组和镜质组为主,Ⅰ型-Ⅲ型干酪根均有发育,有机碳(TOC)含量主要分布在1.5%3.3%之间,镜质体反射率(Ro)为2.15%2.66%; 矿物组成以石英、黏土矿物为主,脆性矿物(不含方解石)含量在35%64%之间; 含气量在0.494.97 m3/t之间,平均为2.20 m3/t。通过露头剖面观察,显示黔南下石炭统打屋坝组黑色页岩厚度均较大,代页1井含气量较高,有机地化、储集物性参数较好,反映打屋坝组具有良好的勘探前景,可进一步加强该地层的基础地质、页岩储层改造和页岩气富集规律研究工作。 相似文献
965.
AbstractHydrologic metrics have been used widely to quantify flow-ecology relationships; however, there are several challenges associated with their use, including the selection from a large number of available metrics and the limitation that metrics are a synthetic measure of a multi-dimensional flow regime. Using two case studies of fish species density and community composition, we illustrate the use of functional linear models to provide new insights into flow–ecology relationships and predict the expected impact of environmental flow scenarios, without relying on hydrologic metrics. The models identified statistically significant relationships to river flow over the 12 months prior to sampling (r2 range 36–67%) and an environmental flow scenario that may enhance native species’ densities while controlling a non-native species. Hydrologic metrics continue to play an important role in ecohydrology and environmental flow management; however, functional linear models provide an approach that overcomes some of the limitations associated with their use.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. AcremanCitation Stewart-Koster, B., Olden, J.D., and Gido, K.B., 2014. Quantifying flow–ecology relationships with functional linear models. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 629–644. 相似文献
966.
为了提升城市防震减灾能力,建立滁州市地震小区划 GIS 基础数据库,开发了基于 GIS 平台的滁州市地震小区划、震害预测信息管理系统,用于数据展示,并统一管理。系统采用 Super-Map Objects 6R 组件式开发,包括滁城概况、地震小区划成果、震害预测成果、震灾防御对策和系统管理5大模块,实现系统对数据的有效管理,充分发挥 GIS 功能对空间数据管理的作用。 相似文献
967.
以下关虚拟地震台网为例,介绍利用JOPENS系统汇集REFTEK系统实时数据流的实验及数据汇集的相关步骤,通过宾川人工爆破实验,检验数据汇集系统在地震定位方面的可靠性. 相似文献
968.
Abdel-Monem S. Mohamed Gad-Elkareem A. Mohamed Khaled Omar Abou-Aly Nadia 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(1):23-35
Greater Cairo and the Nile Delta are considered very important, high-density population areas. The subject of the research work is dealing with recent crustal movements and its relation to seismicity and tectonics setting. A Global Positioning System (GPS) network consisting of 11 benchmarks covering Greater Cairo and the southern part of the Nile Delta was established in 1996. Different campaigns surveyed the network. In this study, we used ten measurements collected during the period from 2004 to 2010. The data were processed using Bernese 5.0 software to derive velocity vectors and principal components of crustal strains. The horizontal velocity varies in average between 3 and 6 mm per year across the network. Rate of the accumulated strains in the southern part of Greater Cairo varies from low to moderate. The low strain rates and low level of earthquakes occurrence in the present interval in the Nile Delta area indicated that the rate of the deformation in this area is small. The result from coupling GPS and seismic data indicates that the southern part of the area is seismo-active area when compared with the other parts in the network areas. The paper gives information about the present state of the recent crustal movements within Greater Cairo area to understand the geodynamics of that area. This study is an attempt to build a basis for further development of seismic catastrophic risk management models to reduce a risk of large catastrophic losses within the important area. 相似文献
969.
970.
Vito Bacchi Alain Recking Nicolas Eckert Philippe Frey Guillaume Piton Mohamed Naaim 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(8):1075-1086
In poorly mobile static armour, sorting is usually considered the result of hiding/exposure effects. We called this effect ‘static sorting’ in opposition to very efficient grain‐to‐grain mechanisms produced by a mobile mixture, called ‘kinetic sorting’. We hypothesized that kinetic sorting can be an important contributor to the morphodynamics of mountain streams and attempted to demonstrate this with new flume experiments. Two long runs were produced with natural poorly sorted sediments, and with transport stages of the coarse fraction (defined by the ratio between the shear stress and the critical shear stress for transport), smaller and higher than 1, respectively. Both runs produced an efficient transfer downstream of the injected material, but with a major difference: the first run (no kinetic sorting) produced permanent armour figuring clusters, akin to what has already been observed in similar experiments; the second run (with kinetic sorting) also produced bed armouring, but this armour was periodically totally destroyed, leading to substantial bed erosion. This phenomenon was explained by kinetic sorting, the effects of which are to produce an efficient downward migration of fine materials and bed surface armouring. The consequence is that fine materials are hidden to the flow during aggradation, allowing the slope to attain values much steeper than would have been expected at equilibrium for the mixture. However, whereas the surface armouring tends to stabilize the bed, construction of a layer of fine sediments at the subsurface also contributes to making it very unstable. These two contradictory effects explain the complex bed behaviours and the existence of very large bedload and slope fluctuations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献