The Fill–Spill Hydrology of Prairie Wetland Complexes during Drought and Deluge     

Dean A. Shaw  Garth Vanderkamp  F. Malcolm Conly  Al Pietroniro  Lawrence Martz 《水文研究》2012,26(20):3147-3156

The fill–spill of surface depressions (wetlands) results in intermittent surface water connectivity between wetlands in the prairie wetland region of North America. Dynamic connectivity between wetlands results in dynamic contributing areas for runoff. However, the effect of fill–spill and the resultant variable or dynamic basin contributing area has largely been disregarded in the hydrological community. Long‐term field observations recorded at the St. Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, allow fill–spill in the basin to be identified and quantified. Along with historical water‐level observations dating back to 1968, recent data collected for the basin include snow surveys, surface water survey and production of a light detection and ranging–derived digital elevation model. Data collection for the basin includes both wet and dry antecedent basin conditions during spring runoff events. A surface water survey at St. Denis in 2006 reveals a disconnected channel network during the spring freshet runoff event. Rather than 100% of the basin contributing runoff to the outlet, which most hydrological models assume, only approximately 39% of the basin contributes to the outlet. Anthropogenic features, such as culverts and roads, were found to influence the extent and spatial distribution of contributing areas in the basin. Historical pond depth records illustrate the effect of antecedent basin conditions on fill–spill and basin contributing area. A large pond at the outlet of the St. Denis basin, which only receives local runoff during dry years when upstream surface storage has not been satisfied, has pond runoff volumes that increase by a factor of 20 or more during wet years when upstream antecedent basin surface storage is satisfied and basin‐wide runoff contributes to the pond. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Engineering Geological Properties of Building Stones from the North-Eastern Part of the Vienna Basin in the Western Carpathians     

Bednarik  Martin  Holzer  Rudolf  Pivko  Daniel  Tornyai  Rudolf  Hornáčková  Alžbeta 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(6):3287-3305

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - This research focuses on assessing the most important physical and mechanical properties of rocks that were quarried from the north-eastern part of the...  相似文献   

Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Dibdibba aquifer using hydrogeochemical and isotope techniques (Basrah Province,Iraq)     

Al-Mallah  Inass A.  Al-Qurnawi  Wasan S.  Ghalib  Hussein B.  Al Hawash  Adnan B.  Abdulameer  Mariam H. 《中国地球化学学报》2022,41(5):823-838

Acta Geochimica - The Dibdibba aquifer is considered to be the main source in the Al-Zubair area because agriculture depends on it to provide grazing water in the area. The groundwater well samples...  相似文献   

Mapping potential areas for groundwater storage in Wadi Aurnah Basin, western Arabian Peninsula, using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques     

Mashael Al Saud 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(6):1481-1495

Water shortage has become a problem in many arid regions where rainfall is low. Wadi Aurnah Basin, in Saudi Arabia (Arabian Peninsula), where the Holy Islamic cities are located, was selected for study, since it represents a water-scarce region. The potential for groundwater storage was investigated. This was achieved using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to cover the whole area (3,113 km²). Satellite images with high spatial resolution were processed to recognize terrain elements controlling the subsurface rock behavior. Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER and SRTM satellite images were processed using ERDAS IMAGINE software. The influencing factors on groundwater storage were determined and digitally mapped as thematic layers. This included rainfall, lithology, rock fractures, slope, drainage and land cover/use. These factors were integrated in the GIS system (ArcView). A map was produced, indicating potential areas for groundwater storage. The map shows that 12–15% of Wadi Aurnah Basin has potential for groundwater storage, mainly in areas where intensive fracture systems exist.  相似文献   

Air pollution hazard assessment using decision tree algorithms and bivariate probability cluster polar function: evaluating inter-correlation clusters of PM10 and other air pollutants     

Omar F. Althuwaynee  Wesam Al Madhoun 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(2):207-226

ABSTRACT

The automated classification of ambient air pollutants is an important task in air pollution hazard assessment and life quality research. In the current study, machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to identify the inter-correlation between dominant air pollution index (API) for PM10 percentile values and other major air pollutants in order to detect the vital pollutants’ clusters in ambient monitoring data around the study area. Two air quality stations, CA0016 and CA0054, were selected for this research due to their strategic locations. Non-linear RPart and Tree model of Decision Tree (DT) algorithm within the R programming environment were adopted for classification analysis. The pollutants’ respective significance to PM10 occurrence was evaluated using Random forest (RF) of DT algorithms and K means polar cluster function identified and grouped similar features, and also detected vital clusters in ambient monitoring data around the industrial areas. Results show increase in the number of clusters did not significantly alter results. PM10 generally shows a reduction in trend, especially in SW direction and an overall minimal reduction in the pollutants’ concentration in all directions is observed (less than 1). Fluctuations were observed in the behaviors of CO and NO_x during the day while NOx displayed relative stability. Results also show that a direct and positive linear relationship exists between the PM10 (target pollutant) and CO, SO₂, which suggests that these pollutants originate from the same sources. A semi-linear relationship is observed between the PM10 and others (O₃ and NO_x) while humidity shows a negative linearity with PM10. We conclude that most of the major pollutants show a positive trend toward the industrial areas in both stations while tra?c emissions dominate this site (CA0016) for CO and NOx. Potential applications of nuggets of information derived from these results in reducing air pollution and ensuring sustainability within the city are also discussed. Results from this study are expected to provide valuable information to decision makers to implement viable strategies capable of mitigating air pollution effects.  相似文献   

Changes in the agrarian configuration of the socialist Republic of RomaniaVeränderungen im agraren landschaftsbild der sozialistischen Republik RumänienTransformations dans le paysage agraire de la Roumanie     

N.Al Radulescu  I Velcea 《Geoforum》1975,6(1):57-63

In Romania, agriculture has developed concomitently with the increased industrialization, and today agriculture plays a main role as the third world producer of sun-flower and hemp, the eighth of maize, the ninth of vine, etc. As Romania is geographically situated in the same zone as the big granaries of the world in the northern hemisphere and as it has a favourable climate it records one crop on 4/5 of the arable land, two crops a year on 1/5 and experimentally, three successive crops in the south of Oltenia. Similarly, the relief favours the development of agriculture under optimum conditions of mechanization on 70% of the territory. Agriculture has existed in Romania for about 6 millenia. Following the socialist transformation and modernization of agriculture—production /ha was increased two or three times and the crops rotation changed by introducing, beside cereals, a larger acreage of industrial crops, forage, vegetables, etc. The agricultural scene has been changed by substantial works of land improvement, especially dams, irrigation systems and a better land utilization. Industry, which takes over the added raw material provided by agriculture, has turned out agricultural machines and tools, chemical fertilizers, etc., required by agriculture. Finally, the authors give an agro-geographical characterization of the main natural units—the plains, the hills and plateaus, the mountain region and the Danube Delta.  相似文献   

NARX neural network approach for the monthly prediction of groundwater levels in Sylhet Sadar,Bangladesh          下载免费PDF全文

Abdullah Al Jami  Meher Uddin Himel  Khairul Hasan  Shilpy Rani Basak  Ayesha Ferdous Mita 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(2):118-126

Groundwater is important for managing the water supply in agricultural countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, the ability to predict the changes of groundwater level is necessary for jointly planning the uses of groundwater resources. In this study, a new nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs(NARX) network has been applied to simulate monthly groundwater levels in a well of Sylhet Sadar at a local scale. The Levenberg-Marquardt(LM) and Bayesian Regularization(BR) algorithms were used to train the NARX network, and the results were compared to determine the best architecture for predicting monthly groundwater levels over time. The comparison between LM and BR showed that NARX-BR has advantages over predicting monthly levels based on the Mean Squared Error(MSE), coefficient of determination(R~2), and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency(NSE). The results show that BR is the most accurate method for predicting groundwater levels with an error of ± 0.35 m. This method is applied to the management of irrigation water source, which provides important information for the prediction of local groundwater fluctuation at local level during a short period.  相似文献   

Subdivision of polygon parcel in land-use data generalization     

AITinghua 《地球空间信息科学学报》2003,6(3):56-61

In land-use data general-ization, the removal of insignificant parcel with small size is the most fre-quently used operator. Traditionally for the generalization method, the small parcel is assigned completely to one of its neighbors. This study tries to improve the generalization by sepa-rating the insignificant parcel into parts around the weighted skeleton and assigning these parts to different neighbors. The distribution of the weighted skeleton depends on the com-patibility between the removed object and its neighbor, which considers not only topological relationship but also distance relationship and semantic sim-ilarity. This process is based on the Delaunay triangulation model. This paper gives the detailed geometric al-gorithms for this operation.  相似文献   

COM技术在地球化学数据处理系统中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邱玉宝  胡光道  F.Al Bassam 《物探化探计算技术》2002,24(4):352-358

区域地球化学信息作为反映矿产资源区域特性的重要指标,在区域矿产资源评价中占有重要的地位,为了有效利用该指标,这就要求研究实用可行的数据处理系统来更好地对地球化学数据进行处理,随着数据处理方法的不断完善和地矿信息化工作的不断提高,要求处理系统本身具有可重用性,可扩展性,高效性等特点,而组件对象模型（COM）技术提供了一种如何建立可重用、可扩展组件,以及如何通过组件高效率地构筑应用程序的一个规范,使得软件系统以组件方式集成成为可能,作者在COM技术内涵基础上,结合地球化学数据处理系统目前存在的若干问题,探讨了COM组件技术在地球化学数据处理系统中的应用,并对数据处理组件进行了分析设计。  相似文献   

Use of Solute and Isotopic Composition of Ground Water to Constrain the Ground Water Flow System of the Azraq Area, Jordan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nizar S. Abu-Jaber  Ali Jawad Ali  Khaldoon Al  Qudah 《Ground water》1998,36(2):361-365

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