Modelling the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination in an unconfined alluvial aquifer in Pakistan     

Yawar Hussain  Sadia Fida Ullah  Muhammad Babar Hussain  Abdul Qayyum Aslam  Gulraiz Akhter  Hernan Martinez-Carvajal  Martin Cárdenas-Soto 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(2):84

The area of Thal Doab is located in the Indus Basin and is underlain by a thick alluvial aquifer called the Thal Doab aquifer (TDA). The TDA is undergone intense hydrological stress owing to rapid population growth and excessive groundwater use for livestock and irrigated agricultural land uses. The potential impact of these land uses on groundwater quality was assessed using a DRASTIC model in a Geographic Information System environment. Seven DRASTIC thematic maps were developed at fixed scale and then combined into a groundwater vulnerability map. The resultant vulnerability index values were grouped into four zones as low, moderate, high and very high. The study has established that 76% of the land area that is underlain by the TDA has a high to very high vulnerability to groundwater contamination mainly because of a thin soil profile, a shallow water table and the presence of soils and sediments with high hydraulic conductivity values. In addition, only 2 and 22% of the total area lie in low and moderate vulnerability zones, respectively. The outcomes of this study can be used to improve the sustainability of the groundwater resource through proper land-use management.  相似文献   

Construction of the granitoid crust of an island arc part I: geochronological and geochemical constraints from the plutonic Kohistan (NW Pakistan)   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

Oliver E. Jagoutz  J.-P. Burg  S. Hussain  H. Dawood  T. Pettke  T. Iizuka  S. Maruyama 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(6):739-755

We present major and trace element analyses and U–Pb zircon intrusion ages from I-type granitoids sampled along a crustal transect in the vicinity of the Chilas gabbronorite of the Kohistan paleo-arc. The aim is to investigate the roles of fractional crystallization of mantle-derived melts and partial melting of lower crustal amphibolites to produce the magmatic upper crust of an island arc. The analyzed samples span a wide calc-alkaline compositional range (diorite–tonalite–granodiorite–granite) and have typical subduction-related trace element signatures. Their intrusion ages (75.1 ± 4.5–42.1 ± 4.4 Ma) are younger than the Chilas Complex (~85 Ma). The new results indicate, in conjunction with literature data, that granitoid formation in the Kohistan arc was a continuous rather than punctuated process. Field observations and the presence of inherited zircons indicate the importance of assimilation processes. Field relations, petrographic observations and major and trace element compositions of the granitoid indicate the importance of amphibole fractionation for their origin. It is concluded that granitoids in the Kohistan arc are derivative products of mantle derived melts that evolved through amphibole-dominated fractionation and intra crustal assimilation.  相似文献   

Magnetic topology and prominence patterns on AB Doradus     

J.-F. Donati  A. Collier Cameron  G. A. J. Hussain  M. Semel 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1999,302(3):437-456

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Applying Zeeman Doppler imaging to solar spectra     

G. A. J. Hussain  S. H. Saar  A. Collier Cameron 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2004,325(3):245-245

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Evaluation of gridded precipitation data in the Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya mountainous area     

Shakir Hussain  Guoyu Ren  Iqtidar Hussain  Dongmei Han  M.H. Zaman 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(14):2393-2405

The accurate measurement of precipitation is crucial for hydrological studies. This is especially true for the Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya (HKKH) mountain region, which is characterized by high spatiotemporal precipitation variability. The paucity of raingauges makes it difficult to measure precipitation in this region precisely. We conducted evaluation of TMPA 3B42V7 and APHRO 1101 in the HKKH area on a daily basis at a spatial resolution of 0.25°?×?0.25°, using 27 raingauges. Statistically, the largest error in the gridded data arose mainly from elevation, followed by volumetric error and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. Overall, the TMPA data have a poor correlation with ground observations in the HKKH area, especially for higher altitudes. The western areas are relatively more underestimated and the Karakoram shows higher frequency of bias in the TMPA retrievals. This method could help improve the satellite precipitation estimation algorithm as it considers local physiography and climatic factors.  相似文献   

Ion acoustic double layers in the presence of positrons beam and q-nonextensive velocity distributed electrons     

S. Ali Shan  A. Mushtaq  N. Akhtar 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,348(2):501-510

Linear and nonlinear studies are presented for an electron-ion plasma system which is being energized with an external beam of positrons. The electrons are assumed to follow the q-nonextensive velocity distribution. The growth rates of instability due to positron beam are analyzed numerically. The compressive and rarefactive double layers are studied in the system and it is found that by varying the entropic index parameter q, positron beam speed v _po and concentration of positrons p, the dynamics of nonlinear profile is changing quite effectively. The relevance of the work regarding to astrophysical space plasma is pointed out.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Dharwar ultramafics and the Archaean mantle     

V. Divakara Rao  K. Satyanarayana  S.M. Naqvi  S.M. Hussain 《Lithos》1975,8(2):77-91

Geochemical and petrological studies on serpentinised ultramafics of Kadakola, Mysore State, India, indicate that the Archaean mantle beneath the Indian Shield was of peridotitic in nature. This protomantle in the Archaean period was undifferentiated with higher concentrations of siderophile and transitional elements.  相似文献   

Inventory of degraded lands of Palamau district, Bihar — A remote sensing approach     

Sanjay K Gupta  M Hussain  M Ahmed  A S Pandey  P Singh  K M Saini  S N Das 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1998,26(4):161-168

In this study, an attempt has keen made for the identification, categorisation and mapping of degraded lands in Palamau district of Bihar using remotely sensed data (IRS-1A, raise colour composite, on 1:50,000 scale), It was observed that water erosion is the main cause of land degradation affecting 6.27 per cent area of the district, of which 5.22 per cent is subjected to severe to very severe erosion and remaining 1.05 per cent is moderately to severely gulleid land Degradation due to rock quarries, mine spoils and dumps accounted for only 0.01 per cent of the district area. Degraded lands were mostly confined to agricultural areas (4.76%) follwed by forest lands (1.10%) and opert-scrub/pastures (0.42%), respectively, Subdivision-wise categorisation of degraded lands was also attempted for efficient location-speeific reclamation planning and easy monitoring.  相似文献   

A critical review on waste paper sorting techniques   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

M. O. Rahman  A. Hussain  H. Basri 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(2):551-564

Efficient waste paper recycling has a significant role in the sustainable environment. Recyclable waste paper as a fundamental ingredient of municipal solid wastes (MSWs) is indeed an “urban ore”. Waste papers are considered as the solid recovered fuel which is recovered from MSW. Recyclable waste papers are segregated into various grades to produce high-quality products. Moreover, sorted paper streams save energy, chemicals, and water, as well as reduce sludge and rejects. Information technology is widely integrated with the waste management industry into its operations such as recycling, reuse, segregating based on categories and so on. This review article focuses on the life cycle of waste paper and existing waste paper sorting techniques. In the paper industry, many types of sensors are used in different mechanical and optical waste paper sorting systems. Such sensors include lignin, gloss, stiffness, mid-infrared, infrared, and color sensors. In this review, also described the effectiveness of different waste paper sorting systems, and finally, recommended appropriate waste paper sorting techniques based on effectiveness and low-cost implementation.  相似文献   

Brick kiln exhaust as a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surrounding soil and plants: a case study from the city of Peshawar, Pakistan     

F. Akbar Jan  Sabir Khan  M. Ishaq  M. Naeem  I. Ahmad  Sajjad Hussain 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(1):13-19

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of brick kiln exhaust on the quantity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surrounding soils and plants. In Pakistan, a big problem is the rapid conglomeration of the brick kilns in out skirt of nearly all urban centers to cope with the rapid construction work in big cities. A huge amount of low-grade coal, rubber, tires is used in non-scientific manner. The study was conducted in the City of Peshawar the capital of Kyber Pakhtunkhwa where many brick kilns are located in the periurban areas. Soil and medicinal plants samples were collected from different locations around the bricks kiln and were analyzed for selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), i.e., benzo(a)pyrene, anthracene, chrysene, flourene, flouranthene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenapthylene. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out by UV spectrophotometer and high-performance liquid chromatography. Benzo[a]pyren and Chrysene were found to be the most abundant compounds. The total load of PAHs in the central location was found to be 0.4014 mg/kg. General trend of PAHs distribution was such that the concentration of individual PAHs was found to increase with depth clearly indicating their absorption in the soil. PAHs concentration increased with the distance up to 300 m and then gradual decreased which showed their movement with the water and air. The PAHs load was found high in the leaves as compared to stem and roots. This high load in the aerial parts indicated their excretion route as well as air deposition.  相似文献