Patterns in the Turkish reinsurance claim data, 1998–2002: An application of the extreme value theory     

B. Burçak Başbuğ  Henry P. Wynn 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):329-342

The devastating 1999 Marmara and Düzce earthquakes led to a significant increase in the earthquake studies in Turkey in geological, engineering and financial aspects. Extreme Value Theory (EVT) has a range of applications from stock market changes to natural disasters like floods and hurricanes. Here EVT is fitted to the ordinary and earthquake reinsurance claims of Turkey.  相似文献   

Paléoenvironnements et caractérisation des roches mères pétrolières des séries pré-salifères du bassin intérieur du Gabon     

Michel Mbina Mounguengui  François Baudin  Jacques Lang  Olivier Jocktane 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(3):327-334

The Interior Basin of Gabon, created during the break-up between South America and Africa, displays thick Neoproterozoic to Aptian p.p. fluvio-lacustrine deposits overlain by Aptian to Albian marine facies. Rock–Eval analyses from outcrop and drillhole samples show high content in organic matter (up to 25%) related to types I and II. These intervals are encountered within Permian, Neocomian–Barremian as well as Aptian siliciclastic succession. They constitute fairly good to excellent potential petroleum source rocks, which are most probably at the origin of oil indices recognized both in drillholes and in surface.  相似文献   

Simplified vibratory characterization of alluvial basins     

Jean-François Semblat  Roberto Paolucci  Anne-Marie Duval 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(4):365-370

For the analysis of seismic wave amplification, modal methods are interesting tools to study the modal properties of geological structures. Modal approaches mainly lead to information on such parameters as fundamental frequencies and eigenmodes of alluvial basins. For a specific alluvial deposit in Nice (France), a simplified modal approach involving the Rayleigh method is considered. This approach assumes a set of admissible shape functions for the eigenmodes and allows a fast estimation of the fundamental frequency of the basin. The agreement with other numerical results (Boundary Element Method) and experimental ones is fully satisfactory. The simplified modal method then appears as an efficient mean for the global vibratory characterization of geological structures towards resonance. To cite this article: J.-F. Semblat et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

Wrench tectonics flip at oblique subduction. A model from New Zealand     

Jean Delteil  Jean-François Stéphan  Bernard Mercier de Lépinay  Étienne Ruellan 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(9):743-750

In eastern North Island New Zealand, oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Australian Plate is associated with strain partitioning. Dextral along-strike component of displacement occurred first at Early Miocene major faults within the eastern fore-arc domain. These faults were active from Early Miocene to Pliocene times. Since Pliocene times, most of the movement occurs at western faults such as the Wellington Fault. The latter joins the back-arc domain to the north. The jump of wrench faulting is related to the oblique opening of the back-arc domain. Both phenomena are impeded southwards by the Hikurangi oceanic plateau entering the subduction zone. To cite this article: J. Delteil et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

Foreword     

I. Ethem Gönenç 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1997,6(2):89-89

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The Distribution of Redox Sensitive Elements (U, As, Sb, V and Mo) along a River-Wetland-Lake System (Balaton Region, Hungary)     

Françoise Elbaz-Poulicheet  Attila Nagy  Tibor Cserny 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1997,3(3):267-282

The distribution of redox sensitive elements (U, As,Sb, Mo and V) has been investigated in Lake Balatonand two man-made reservoirs (Lake Kis-Balaton-1 andKis-Balaton-2) built along the River Zala, the mainriver discharging into it. These elements underwentremoval in Lake Kis Balaton-2 (KB-2) during anoxicconditions (May and September).Similarities were found between the distributions ofdissolved As and Sb. Both elements had elevateddissolved concentrations in Lake Kis-Balaton-1 (KB-1)and in Lake Balaton in September. This increasedmobility could be due to a change of speciation (viareduction and the formation of methylated species).Such changes in speciation are well documented in theliterature and are generally enhanced during periodsof warmth and high primary productivity.Dissolved V and Mo distributions also showedsimilarities with higher concentrations in LakeBalaton than in other parts of the system.Although removal is not clearly detected from thedissolved concentrations, U, As, Sb and Mo aresignificantly enriched in the organic-rich sedimentsof Lake KB-1, while V is mainly associated with thealumino-silicate fraction. In Lake KB-1, theconcentrations of all elements in SPM (suspendedparticulate matter) are lower than in the depositedsediments (except for As) suggesting that enrichmentprocesses are occuring in the deposited sediments.Additionnally the cycling of As and Mo can be alsopartly controlled by uptake and scavenging processesin the water column, as suggested by the elevated Asand Mo concentrations observed in SPM seasonnally forAs in Lake KB-1 and at Z.mouth-1 station and for Mo atZ.mouth-1 station and Lake Balaton.  相似文献   

地质符号的计算机图形学定义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

萨贤春 《物探化探计算技术》1997,19(1):90-96

地质符号一般均有其特定的图形特征和表示意义，用以表达地质制图中所涉及的具体或抽象的地质对象。本文对地质符号（尤其是岩性符号）的有关计算机图形学方法进行了分析和比较，并在对各种地质符号的分析研究基础上提出了一种地质符号（岩性符号）的计算机图形学定义的新的综合性方法—图元组合法及其分区编码方案  相似文献   

Accuracy analysis, dem generation and validation using russian tk-350 stereo-images     

Gürcan Büyüksalih  Güven Koçak  Murat Oruç  Hakan Akçin  Karsten Jacobsen 《The Photogrammetric Record》2004,19(107):200-218

TK-350 stereo-scenes of the Zonguldak testfield in the north-west of Turkey have been analysed. The imagery had a base-to-height ratio of 0·52 and covered an area of 200 km × 300 km, with each pixel representing 10 m on the ground. Control points digitised from 1:25 000 scale topographic maps were used in the test. A bundle orientation was executed using the University of Hanover program BLUH and PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine AE software packages. Tests revealed that TK-350 stereo-images can yield 3D geopositioning to an accuracy of about 10 m in planimetry and 17 m in height. A 40 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was generated by the PCI system and compared against a reference DEM, which was derived from digitised contour lines provided by 1:25 000 scale topographic maps. This comparison showed that accuracy depends mainly on the surface structure and the slope of the local terrain. Root mean square errors in height were found to be about 27 and 39 m outside and inside forested areas, respectively. The matched DEM demonstrated a systematic shift against the reference DEM visible as an asymmetric shift in the frequency distribution. This is perhaps caused by the presence of vegetation and buildings.  相似文献   

Dérive à la surface de l'océan sous l'effet des vagues     

Fabrice Ardhuin  François-Régis Martin-Lauzer  Bertrand Chapron  Philippe Craneguy  Fanny Girard-Ardhuin  Tanos Elfouhaily 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(12):1121-1130

We model the drift velocity near the ocean surface separating the motion induced by the local current, itself influenced by winds and waves, and the motion induced by the waves, which are generated by local and remote winds. Application to the drift of ‘tar balls’, following the sinking of the oil tanker Prestige-Nassau in November 2002, shows that waves contribute at least one third of the drift for pollutants floating 1 m below the surface, with a mean direction about 30° to the right of the wind-sea direction. Although not new, this result was previously obtained with specific models, whereas the formalism used here combines classical wave and circulation forecasting models. To cite this article: F. Ardhuin et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献   

Apports de la méthode sismique réflexion haute résolution à l'identification des structures profondes des formations tertiaires en Médoc (Gironde,France) : implications hydrogéologiques     

François Larroque  Alain Dupuy 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(12):1111-1120

Near Bordeaux (France), the Oligocene aquifer is a potential target for drinking water supply. A high-resolution seismic campaign and several exploration wells helped to clarify the geometry of this formation and, as a consequence, the Medoc Tertiary aquifers. The major information extracted from these new data is the existence of a soft deformation inducing two different deposit areas, showing different hydrogeological characteristics (thickness, type, hydraulic properties, etc.). The presence of an erosional gap area affecting the Oligocene formations lead us to propose a new image of groundwater flow in the area, in the context of a predicted intensive exploitation of this resource. To cite this article: F. Larroque, A. Dupuy, C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献