Construction of Vertical Wind Profile from Satellite-Derived Winds for Objective Analysis of Wind Field     

P.N.Mahajan  D.R.Talwalkar  S.Nair  S.Rajamani 《大气科学进展》1992,(2)

During summer Monex-79, a variety of observing systems viz. research ships, research aircrafts, constant pressure balloons and geostationary satellite etc. were deployed, besides the regular conventional observations. The purpose of these additional systems was to make the best possible data for the studies on various aspects of monsoon circulation. The present study is aimed at the construction of vertical wind profile using cloud motion vectors obtained from GOES (I-O) satellite and to examine whether the constructed wind profiles improves the representation of the monsoon system, flow pattern etc. in the objective analysis. For this purpose, climatological normals of the wind field are considered as the initial guess and the objective analyses of the wind field are made with, first using only data from conventional observations over land areas, subsequently including the constructed winds from cloud motion vectors. These analyses are then compared with the standard analyses of wind field obtained fro  相似文献   

海岸及河口的现代研究方法     

N.B.萨莫依洛夫  杨郁华  李恒  刘华训 《地理学报(英文版)》1956,(4)

编写海岸水册是研究海岸水文和地貌的最终目的。海岸水册总括海的沿岸水文和地貌的全部费料(包括河口)。水册是修建商港、军港,规划商业航行和军事航行、鱼业、沿岸城市经济和设计海堤等工作所必需的。许多海洋国家最近才开始整理多年视察所得的零散的材料,编纂水册。苏联已编好了黑海水册,其他海岸水册也在编写中。  相似文献   

星式沙丘   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lanca.  N  鲁春霞 《世界沙漠研究》1989,(4):14-17

  相似文献   

东布什维尔德杂岩体铬铁矿矿床的产状及特征     

E.N.卡梅伦  G.A.德斯巴勘  吴奇石 《地质与勘探》1973,(2)

东布什维尔德杂岩体东布什维尔德杂岩体的铬铁矿矿床产于"东部苏长岩带"中,产在层状的大片基性至超基性岩内(图1).很早以前,A.L.霍尔把沃利凡次河到斯蒂尔普特河分布的那一部分岩带,划分了如图2所示的五个主要单元.本文重点讨论其中的临界带,因为正如霍尔所确定的,该带含有东带所有的已知铬铁矿矿床.临界带以其层状构造闻名于  相似文献   

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines in small cetaceans from Hong Kong waters: levels, profiles and distribution   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Ramu K  Kajiwara N  Tanabe S  Lam PK  Jefferson TA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):669-676

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in the blubber, liver and kidney of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in Hong Kong coastal waters during 1995–2001. Among the organohalogen compounds analyzed, DDTs were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 9.9 to 470 μg/g lipid wt. PBDEs in Hong Kong cetaceans, which are reported for the first time, were detected in all the samples with values ranging from 0.23 to 6.0 μg/g lipid wt., with a predominance of BDE-47. Results from this study suggest PBDEs should be classified as priority pollutants in Asia. Higher concentrations were found in humpback dolphins than in finless porpoises, and this was attributed mainly to differences in habitat. Elevated residues of PCBs and DDTs in some cetaceans suggest these species may be at risk.  相似文献   

Diagnostic monitoring of a changing environment: an alternative UK perspective     

Hardman-Mountford NJ  Allen JI  Frost MT  Hawkins SJ  Kendall MA  Mieszkowska N  Richardson KA  Somerfield PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(12):1463-1471

Adaptive management of the marine environment requires an understanding of the complex interactions within it. Establishing levels of natural variability within and between marine ecosystems is a necessary prerequisite to this process and requires a monitoring programme which takes account of the issues of time, space and scale. In this paper, we argue that an ecosystem approach to managing the marine environment should take direct account of climate change indicators at a regional level if it is to cope with the unprecedented change expected as a result of human impacts on the earth climate system. We discuss the purpose of environmental monitoring and the importance of maintaining long-term time series. Recommendations are made on the use of these data in conjunction with modern extrapolation and integration tools (e.g. ecosystem models, remote sensing) to provide a diagnostic approach to the management of marine ecosystems, based on adaptive indicators and dynamic baselines.  相似文献   

Effects of hydrocarbon contamination on a free living marine nematode community: results from microcosm experiments     

Mahmoudi E  Essid N  Beyrem H  Hedfi A  Boufahja F  Vitiello P  Aissa P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(11):1197-1204

Anthropogenic inputs of crude and refined petroleum hydrocarbons into the sea require knowledge of the effects of these contaminants on the receiving assemblages of organisms. A microcosm experiment was carried out to study the influence of diesel on a free living nematode community of a Tunisian lagoon. Sediments were contaminated by diesel that ranged in concentration from 0.5 to 20 mg diesel kg⁻¹ dry weight (dw), and effects were examined after 90 days. Gradual changes in community structure were revealed depending on the quantity of diesel administrated. In the medium (1 mg diesel kg⁻¹ and 5 mg diesel kg⁻¹ (dw)) and high (10 mg diesel kg⁻¹, 15 mg diesel kg⁻¹ and 20 mg kg⁻¹ (dw)) treated microcosms, most univariate measures, including diversity and species richness, decreased significantly with increasing level of diesel contamination whereas nematode assemblage from the low treated microcosm (0.5 mg diesel kg⁻¹ (dw)) remained unaffected. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that responses of nematode species to the diesel treatments were varied: Chaetonema sp. was eliminated at all doses tested and seemed to be intolerant species to diesel contamination; Pomponema sp. and Oncholaimus campylocercoïdes were significantly affected at all diesel contamination levels but they were not eliminated, these species were categorized as “diesel-sensitive”; Hypodontolaimus colesi, Daptonema trabeculosum and Daptonema fallax which significantly increased respectively at 0.5, 1 and 5 mg diesel kg⁻¹ (dw) concentrations and appeared to be “opportunistic” species at these doses whereas Marylynnia stekhoveni which increased at all high doses (10, 15 and 20 mg diesel kg⁻¹ (dw)) seemed to be a “diesel-resistant” species.  相似文献   

DDTs and other chlorinated organic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls pollution in the surface sediments of Keratsini harbour, Saronikos gulf, Greece   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Galanopoulou S  Vgenopoulos A  Conispoliatis N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(5):520-525

Sediment samples were collected from Keratsini harbour, Saronikos gulf, Greece and were analysed for chlorinated organic pesticides (DDTs, HCB, Lindane) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). High total DDTs values were detected in all the sediments samples ranging from 9.1 to 75.6 mug/g, dry weight. PCBs concentrations range from 47.8 to 351.8 ng/g. The results and especially the high concentrations of DDTs reflect the influence of the industrial and urban wastes in the pollution for the Keratsini harbour environment.  相似文献   

Trace element distribution during the reproductive cycle of female and male spiny and Pacific scallops, with implications for biomonitoring   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nørum U  Lai VW  Cullen WR 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(2):175-184

Trace element concentrations and contents in gills, gonad, kidneys, mantle, muscle and remainder during the reproductive cycle of female and male spiny and Pacific scallops, from the Strait of Georgia, BC, Canada, were quantified by using ICPMS. The elements investigated were chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, tin and mercury. For all ten elements, the tissue distribution was to some extent influenced by species, sex and reproductive status. The implications of the present study in relation to the design of biomonitoring programmes are: (1) care should be taken to ensure an equal/constant sex composition when making interannual comparisons of pooled samples. Preferably the sexes should be monitored separately. (2) the practice of obtaining pooled samples in the interspawn phase is applicable only to monitoring long-term trends in contaminant levels, while the reproductive status should be heeded when studying short-term changes. (3) the present study confirms that direct temporal or spatial comparisons of absolute accumulated element concentrations are only valid intraspecifically.  相似文献   

2-辛胺吡啶—新的萃取试剂     

N.A.Borsh  O.M.Petrukhin  胡文清 《地球科学与环境学报》1981,(1)

等人曾提出用n—辛苯胺(OA)富集铂族金属时指出,惰性稀释剂中的OA能够在酸性介质中萃取钯和铂,在中性介质中以配位—溶剂化方式萃取铑。3(5)—甲基吡唑由盐酸溶液中萃取钯和铑。在吸着剂上吸着铂族金属,是基于苯乙烯和3(5)—甲基吡唑的共聚合物,同铂族金属形成以M-N键的化合物。显然,芳香胺对铂族金属具有一定的特效性。由脂肪胺转变为苯胺和杂环芳香胺时氮原子得更“软”。铂族金属多与“软”配位体结合。  相似文献