Straight river: its formation and speciality     

WANG Sui-ji  NI Jin-ren 《地理学报》2002,12(1):72-80

Straight river is generally regarded as one of the typical river patterns in conventional classifications in terms of their channel plain landforms. However, very few straight patterns were found to be distributed in wider spatial and temporal spans in the self-adjusted fluvial rivers. Thus, the questions occur such as that is it possible for a channel takes on a stable straight pattern? What are the main factors controlling the processes of the river pattern formation and transformation from a straight to other patterns? Various theories and hypotheses including geomorphic threshold hypothesis, the extreme hypothesis on energy dissipation rate, the stability theory, etc. have been developed to explain the aforementioned questions, but none of them is sound for the explanation to the straight-river formation. From the modern fluvial plain patterns, the straight patterns are not as stable as other typical patterns which occurred in nature; from the historic records of the river sedimentation, no apparent evidence was found to support the stable straight river evolution. Based on the analysis of existing theories, observations, evolvement processes of the channel patterns in the experimental results, this paper concluded that the straight pattern should not be included as one of the typical patterns that are self-formed and developed. This study is of importance to understanding of the river pattern formation and transformation.  相似文献   

平湖油气田凝析油回注油藏对开发效果影响机理研究     

杨耀忠  昌峰  张世明  王庆勇  孙业恒  陈荣华  李奋 《矿物岩石》2003,23(1):93-97

凝析油回注油藏是平湖油气田开发过程中为应对海底输油管线而采取的一种工程应急措施。凝析油回注油藏会引起油层内流体渗流特征的变化，并进而影响油井恢复生产后的开发指标。从室内物理模拟实验和油藏数值模拟两方面开展凝析油回注油藏的影响效果分析，并根据研究结果提出合理的回注方式，不仅从机理上为解决海上油气田开发工程中所遇类似突发事件的处理提供了依据，而且在物理模拟实验和油藏数值模拟研究相结合对油藏基础研究方面提供一些重要的结论。  相似文献   

冀北发现具鬣刺结构的超基性岩   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

童英  倪志耀  王仁民 《矿物岩石》2003,23(2):6-10

冀北具鬣刺结构的超基性岩呈透镜状，产于华北克拉通北缘的早元古宙红旗营子群黑云斜长片麻岩之中。富MgO，贫CaO，A12O3和FeO*＝0．86，TiO2介于0．01％-0．02％之间，与SSZ型蛇绿岩中相应岩石的TiO2含量相当。原始地幔标准化的过渡元素配分型式表现为不对称的“W”型，在TiO2和Cu处形成两个明显的负异常“谷”。据此地球化学特征意味着它们可能来自于消减带之下上地幔，为上地幔高度部分熔融的残余物。岩石中鬣刺结构可能是叶蛇纹石高压分解的结果，表明研究区某些变质橄榄岩岩块曾经受过俯冲—消减作用。  相似文献   

安徽铜陵冬瓜山热液叠加改造型铜矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

黄顺生  徐兆文  倪培 《地质找矿论丛》2003,18(1):34-38

研究了安徽冬瓜山热液叠加改造型铜矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征（包裹体均一温度、盐度、压力、成分、流体的H，O，C和Cu同位素），探讨了成矿流体的性质及其来源。认为该矿床是在岩浆水和后期少量大气水的加入而形成的混合热液共同作用下，活化碳酸盐岩地层和石英闪长岩中的铜等成矿元素，形成含矿热液，并以铜的氯络合物方式运移，在弱还原性条件下使原始沉积矿胚层加厚变富。  相似文献   

活动断裂引发的环境地质问题及措施     

王生力韩振富  刘唐生裘平一 《城市地质》2003,15(3):23-26

随着经济的飞速发展和现代化建设的加快，全社会防灾减灾意识的增强，在国土规划、抗震规划及高、深、大型工程项目的建设中，对活动断裂的研究，已成为勘测、设计中的重要课题。本文就影响张家口市城市安全的活动断裂的类型、空间展布、活动特征、引发的环境地质灾害及工程对策等予以阐述，为城市规划提供依据。  相似文献   

滨里海盆地的岩相古地理特征及其演化   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文

刘洛夫  朱毅秀  熊正祥  孙建平  陈利新  朱胜利  孔祥宇 《古地理学报》2003,5(3):279-290

滨里海盆地内充填了巨厚的古生代、中生代和新生代沉积物。在剖面上可分为三套地层组合，即盐下层系、含盐层系和盐上层系。盐下层系为下古生界-下二叠统，包括巨厚的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积，在泥盆纪-早二叠世，滨里海盆地周缘广大地区普遍发育碳酸盐岩，在许多古隆起上还发育生物礁体，说明这一时期盆地的滨、浅海地带具有浅、清、暖的沉积环境，盆外陆源碎屑供应较少。含盐层系为下二叠统上部孔谷阶。早二叠世中-后期由于持续构造抬升，盆地气候变得干旱，海水变浅，潮上带蒸发环境发育，以致这一时期广泛发育盐类沉积，形成含盐层系，主要由盐岩和硬石膏层构成，并形成许多大小不等的盐丘构造。盐上层系为上二叠统-第四系。晚二叠世-三叠纪盆地又经历了一次大的海侵，为浅海陆棚环境，局部为海陆过渡三角洲相。侏罗纪-白垩纪在总的浅海陆棚环境下，盆地不同地区也形成了湖泊和瀉湖环境。晚二叠世以后形成的盐上层系沉积，主要为碎屑岩，在局部地区有碳酸盐岩。  相似文献   

导/定向钻进非开挖铺设地下管线施工技术分析     

赵大军  郭威  于萍  计胜利 《世界地质》2003,22(3):309-312

导／定向钻进是一种技术密集型、对环境无害的地下管线铺设技术。通过综合经济比较分析，说明了导／定向钻进技术在管径大、埋深大的条件下所具有的明显经济优势。通过对国内外现有技术水平的比较，分析了我国在该技术发展规模、工程应用领域、新型高技术含量、钻机的工作性能等方面存在较大的差距。认为我国应在钻机的机电液一体化、施工过程自动化控制、配套泵组及泥浆系统、钻进规划软件开发等方面作进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

上海及邻区的地壳形变速率与地震活动     

宋先月  宋治平  张肃  汪育新  倪友忠 《华南地震》2003,23(1):13-19

对上海佘山地震台伸缩仪的数字记录资料进行去趋势以及地壳形变速率的分析表明：伸缩仪EW向在200l年5～7月存在破年变趋势异常，并且该测项的形变速率在2001年3～8月存在高于正常背景值的异常。结合GPS资料、应力场、地震活动性的情况分析后认为，佘山台的形变速率异常可反映上海及邻区应力场的部分信息，该信息对地震活动具有一定前兆意义。因此，应用形变数字化资料计算地壳形变速率，可作为对地层活动以及日常地震预测的一种分析方法。  相似文献   

Re-discussion on the Jiaochang Arcuate Structure, Sichuan Province, and the Seismogenic Structure for Diexi Earthquake in 19331     

Huang Zuzhi  Tang Rongchang  Liu Shengli 《中国地震研究》2003,17(1):51-62

The Jiaocbang arcuate structure is one of the numerous arcuate structural belts in Sichuan. The present paper gives a further argument about the characteristics of that arcuate structure and the new activity of the Songpinggou fault and affirms that the Songpinggou fault is an active fault in the Holocene epoch. The Diexi M7.5 earthquake took place in 1933 on the west wing of that arcuate structure, near the apex of the arc. Many authors have given quite different opinions about the genetic structure of that earthquake. The authors have made on-the-spot investigations time and again over recent years. Besides this, the authors have also further studied the shape of intensity contour lines, the distribution characteristics of ground surface seismic hazards, the left-lateral dislocation of buildings along the Songpinggou fault, the NWtrending ground fissures that developed on the ground surface after earthquake, and so on. On this basis, it is still considered that the seismogenic fault of the 1933 Diexi M7.5 earthquake was the Songpinggou fault on the west wing of the Jiaochang arcuate structure.  相似文献   

Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic implications of Xiongshan diabasic dike swarm, northern Fujian     

Shengli Ren  Jiliang Li  Xinhua Zhou  Min Sun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(4):411-417

Sm/Nd isotopic age determination showed that Xiongshan dike swarm was at 585.7 Ma ± 30 Ma. The trace element geochemistry and Sr/Nd/Pb isotope gemhemistry studies indicate that the dike swarm was products of back-arc basin spreading ridge and the magma originated from the depleted mantle region which was metasomatized by LILE-rich liquids/melts derived from subduction slab. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.  相似文献