Flow units delineation of multiple hydrocarbon reservoirs using hydraulic zonation technique via cluster analysis algorithm,Zeit Bay Field,Gulf of Suez,Egypt     

Nadia Abd Al Fattah  Mahmoud Ali Ghaleb  Omar Mohamed Mohamed Al mahdy 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(7):504

Investigation of hydraulic units in drilled wells through multiple reservoirs in Zeit Bay Field is the main target of this paper. Karim Limestone and Nubian Sandstone are target reservoirs in this study. Hydraulic zones provide a fundamental unit for subsequent reservoir characterization and simulation and also prove to be helpful in defining future well completion and work over practices. Hydraulic zonation by means of cluster analysis has been utilized to achieve this target. Hierarchical cluster analysis, elbow method, and k-means clustering are the main steps of this analysis. Petrophysical properties obtained from cores are utilized to perform this zonation. These properties are permeability and porosity data. Results have been validated by comparing the geological behavior of each zone against the measured permeability curve. Finally through this zonation, flow units which have the potential to extract fluids are determined more accurately. Petroleum geologists and engineers are more interested in these results. The cluster analysis flow suggesting in this paper is cost-effective due to lack of need for any commercial software.  相似文献   

Smart Cartographic Background Symbolization for Map Mashups in Geoportals: A Proof of Concept by Example of Landuse Representation     

Nadia H. Panchaud  Lorenz Hurni 《The Cartographic journal》2019,56(1):42-58

Geospatial data are now widely available to the general public thanks to geoportals and online mapping platforms. However, creating a map involves more than just combining data layers. Thus we develop cartographic functions for geoportals to support better visual hierarchy in user map mashups. This includes a couple of preparatory steps followed by a smart cartographic background symbolization derived from the original layer style. We evaluate different approaches to background symbolization: greyscale, desaturation, and smart background. The different background symbolization methods are analysed with two concrete map examples and evaluated with a survey. The smart background symbolization developed in this work improves the visual hierarchy of the map mashup by reducing the visual importance of the background layers.  相似文献