Simulation of earthquake-induced hazards of falling exterior non-structural components and its application to emergency shelter design     

Zhen Xu  Xinzheng Lu  Hong Guan  Yuan Tian  Aizhu Ren 《Natural Hazards》2016,80(2):935-950

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A new prediction model for mining subsidence deformation: the arc tangent function model     

Lei Nie  Hongfei Wang  Yan Xu  Zechuang Li 《Natural Hazards》2015,75(3):2185-2198

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Dissolved organic matter in surface runoff in the Loess Plateau of China: The role of rainfall events and land-use     

Zhongwu Li  Hao Peng  Binggeng Xie  Chun Liu  Xiaodong Nie  Danyang Wang  Mei Huang  Haibing Xiao  Lin Shi  Xuqin Zhang  Jieyu Jiang 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1446-1459

Exploring the chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for understanding the fate of laterally transported organic matter in watersheds. We hypothesized that differences in water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soils of varying land uses and rainfall events may significantly affect the quality and the quantity of stream DOM. To test our hypotheses, characteristics of rainfall-runoff DOM and WEOM of source materials (topsoil from different land uses and gullies, as well as typical vegetation) were investigated at two adjacent catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, using ultraviolet–visible absorbance and excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that land-use types may significantly affect the chemical composition of soil WEOM, including its aromaticity, molecular weight, and degree of humification. The PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that the soils and stream water were dominated by terrestrial/allochthonous humic-like substances and microbial transformable humic-like fluorophores. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of stream DOM suggested a pronounced change in the relative proportion of allochthonous versus autochthonous material under different rainfall patterns and land uses. For example, high proportions of forestland could provide more allochthonous DOM input. This study highlights the relevance of soils and hydrological dynamics on the composition and fluxes of DOM issuing from watersheds. The composition of DOM in soils was influenced by land-use type. Precipitation patterns influenced the proportion of terrestrial versus microbial origins of DOM in surface runoff. Contributions of allochthonous, terrestrially derived DOM inputs were highest from forested landscapes.  相似文献   

Submarine groundwater discharge revealed by aerial thermal infrared imagery: a case study on Jeju Island,Korea          下载免费PDF全文

Eunhee Lee  Ki‐mook Kang  Sung Pil Hyun  Kil‐Yong Lee  Heesung Yoon  Seung Hee Kim  Yongcheol Kim  Zhen Xu  Duk‐jin Kim  Dong‐Chan Koh  Kyoochul Ha 《水文研究》2016,30(19):3494-3506

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a global phenomenon that carries large volumes of groundwater and dissolved chemical species such as nutrient, metals, and organic compounds to coastal zones. We report the influence of SGD on the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, using high‐resolution aerial thermal infrared (TIR) mapping techniques and field investigations. An aircraft‐based system was implemented using a cost‐effective TIR camera for aerial TIR mapping. Ground‐based calibrations and system integration with GPS/IMU (global positioning system/inertial measurement unit) were performed for the aerial systems. The aerial surveys showed distinct low‐temperature signatures of SGD along the coasts of Jeju Island, revealing large groundwater inputs from the coastal aquifers to the ocean. Multiple aerial surveys over a range of seasons and tidal stages revealed that SGD rates dynamically affect the sea surface temperature (SST) of the coastal zone. The in‐situ measurements supported that SGD has a substantial influence on the coastal water chemistry as well as SST. Our observations highlight the extent to which aerial‐based TIR mapping can serve as a powerful tool for studying SGD and other coastal processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

新疆库鲁克塔格青白口系北塞纳尔塔格组流纹岩的成因及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

吕彪  郭瑞清  王海培  金建斌  王明阳  魏震  努尔喀纳提 《地质科学》2016,(3):806-823

运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得库鲁塔格西山口地区北塞纳尔塔格组蚀变流纹岩的形成时代为841.0±1.4Ma（MSWD=0.42）, 蚀变流纹岩的发现指示塔里木北缘新元古代中期除发育大量的侵入岩外还存在火山活动。地球化学特征分析表明, 岩石富集Rb、 Ba、 K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素, 明显亏损Nb、 Ta、 P、 Ti等高场强元素。此外岩石富集Sr、 强烈亏损Y和Yb, 高的Sr/Y（>40）和（La/Yb）_N（>40）比值的特征与埃达克岩类似。蚀变流纹岩Hf同位素值ε_Hf（t）=-29～-9, Hf的二阶段模式年龄T_DM²=3.43～2.24Ga, 结合岩石较低的Mg^#、 Eu正异常以及强烈亏损重稀土元素的特征表明,其可能源于加厚古老基性下地壳的部分熔融。此外蚀变流纹岩低的锆石饱和温度T_Zr=761℃～768℃,表明源区发生部分熔融时存在外来流体的加入。结合已有区域地质资料, 初步认为蚀变流纹岩形成与塔里木北缘新元古代早、 中期洋—陆俯冲碰撞作用有关。  相似文献   

In situ Measurement of Hydraulic Properties of the Fractured Zone of Coal Mines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhen Huang  Zhenquan Jiang  Xin Tang  Xianshuai Wu  Dechun Guo  Zuncai Yue 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(2):603-609

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Characteristics of the Asian–Pacific Oscillation in Boreal Summer Simulated by BCC_CSM with Different Horizontal Resolutions     

Yazhou Zhang  Zhijie Liao  Yaocun Zhang  Feng Nie 《大气科学进展》2016,33(12):1401-1412

The summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation(APO) is a major teleconnection pattern that reflects the zonal thermal contrast between East Asia and the North Pacific in the upper troposphere. The performance of Beijing Climate Center Climate System Models(BCC CSMs) with different horizontal resolutions, i.e., BCC CSM1.1 and BCC CSM1.1(m), in reproducing APO interannual variability, APO-related precipitation anomalies, and associated atmospheric circulation anomalies, is evaluated.The results show that BCC CSM1.1(m) can successfully capture the interannual variability of the summer APO index. It is also more capable in reproducing the APO's spatial pattern, compared to BCC CSM1.1, due to its higher horizontal resolution. Associated with a positive APO index, the northward-shifted and intensified South Asian high, strengthened extratropical westerly jet, and tropical easterly jet in the upper troposphere, as well as the southwesterly monsoonal flow over North Africa and the Indian Ocean in the lower troposphere, are realistically represented by BCC CSM1.1(m), leading to an improvement in reproducing the increased precipitation over tropical North Africa, South Asia, and East Asia, as well as the decreased precipitation over subtropical North Africa, Japan, and North America. In contrast, these features are less consistent with observations when simulated by BCC CSM1.1. Regression analysis further indicates that surface temperature anomalies over the North Pacific and the southern and western flanks of the Tibetan Plateau are reasonably reproduced by BCC CSM1.1(m), which contributes to the substantial improvement in the simulation of the characteristics of summer APO compared to that of BCC CSM1.1.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅碰撞造山带不同类型部分熔融作用的时限及其构造动力学意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高利娥  曾令森  王莉  侯可军  高家昊  尚振 《地质学报》2016,90(11):3039-3059

喜马拉雅新生代淡色花岗岩,是世界上S型花岗岩的典例,主要分布于两条近平行排列的东西向构造带内,特提斯喜马拉雅带和高喜马拉雅带。实验岩石学和理论研究表明:这些淡色花岗岩是中—下地壳岩石进行不同性质的地壳深熔作用的产物,部分熔融类型与构造变形密切耦合。具体表现在:146~35 Ma,在增厚地壳条件下,以角闪岩部分熔融作用为主,形成了具有高Sr/Y比值的二云母花岗岩;228~9 Ma,减压条件下,俯冲物质快速折返,白云母发生脱水部分熔融,形成具有较高Rb/Sr比值的花岗岩;3其中,在21~16 Ma期间,与藏南裂谷系E—W向伸展作用开启密切相关,变泥质岩发生水致白云母部分熔融作用,形成Rb/Sr比值较低,Sr和Ba含量较高的花岗岩;4在25~27 Ma期间,局部地区发生高压水致部分熔融作用。  相似文献   

羌塘盆地隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏逆冲推覆构造隆升     

吴珍汉  刘志伟  赵珍  季长军  叶培盛 《地质学报》2016,90(4):615-627

沿隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏发现大量逆冲推覆构造,如北雷错东西两侧、隆鄂尼西北侧、比洛错东南侧、鲁雄错东西两侧,侏罗系烃源岩及含油白云岩沿低角度缓倾斜断层自北向南逆冲推覆于上白垩统红层之上,昂达尔错西北侧中侏罗统含油碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩自北向南逆冲推覆于三叠系灰黑色碎屑岩之上,形成不同规模的逆冲岩席、逆冲岩片、飞来峰和构造窗。高分辨率二维地震反射剖面显示,隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏深部发育多重逆冲推覆构造;比洛错中侏罗统含油白云岩沿顶部双重推覆构造自北向南运移7~11km和12~15km,分别形成隆鄂尼古油藏和德如日古油藏;下伏三叠系及石炭系—二叠系沿底部双重推覆构造自北向南发生大规模逆冲推覆,前锋被向北逆冲的反向断层切割错断。野外观测表明,隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏与羌中隆起北侧油苗带之间发育大量侏罗系逆冲岩席和飞来峰;深地震反射剖面构造解释进一步揭示,三叠系和侏罗系海相烃源岩经历自北羌塘向南羌塘长距离逆冲推覆构造运动,自北向南逆冲推覆运动导致侏罗系烃源岩及中侏罗统含油白云岩构造隆升,形成昂达尔错、隆鄂尼、德如日等古油藏。隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏逆冲推覆及构造隆升主要发生于晚白垩世—古近纪。  相似文献   

基于SDOG-ESSG的地球系统元胞自动机框架及其应用试验     

余接情  石珍  吴立新  邢松伟  贾永基 《测绘学报》2016,45(Z1):40-47

元胞自动机结构简单且具备模拟复杂系统的能力,已被广泛应用于大气、流体力学、地球物理等领域。然而,现有元胞自动机以欧氏空间为约束进行地球系统过程模拟,忽略了地球重力等天然约束,导致计算过程中元胞状态的传递方向与真实运动的趋势方向不相符,一定程度上扭曲了最终的模拟结果。本文提出了地球系统元胞自动机这一概念,并从元胞表达及构建、邻居模型等方面设计了基于SDOG-ESSG格网的地球系统元胞自动机框架。由于演化规则取决于不同的应用,因此本文进一步以地壳的热传递为例,通过对热力学方程离散化设计了相应的演化规则。最后,借助公开的数据源开展了地壳热传递元胞自动机模拟的初步试验,并与一定区域下的数值模拟结果展开了比对。试验表明,与数值模拟方法相比,本文方法的模拟结果相对误差控制在27%以内,具备一定程度的可行性,可作为地球系统过程模拟的一种新思路。  相似文献