Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography across Europe   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

Yingjie Yang  Michael H. Ritzwoller  Anatoli L. Levshin  Nikolai M. Shapiro 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(1):259-274

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The origin of medium-K ankaramitic arc magmas from Lombok (Sunda arc, Indonesia): Mineral and melt inclusion evidence   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Marlina A. Elburg  V.S. Kamenetsky  J.D. Foden  A. Sobolev 《Chemical Geology》2007,240(3-4):260-279

High-calcium, nepheline-normative ankaramitic basalts (MgO > 10 wt.%, CaO/Al₂O₃ > 1) from Rinjani volcano, Lombok (Sunda arc, Indonesia) contain phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and olivine (Fo_85–92) with inclusions of spinel (Cr# 58–77) and crystallised melt. Olivine crystals have variable but on average low NiO (0.10–0.23 wt.%) and high CaO (0.22–0.35 wt.%) contents for their forsterite number. The CaO content of Fo_89–91 olivine is negatively correlated with the Al₂O₃ content of enclosed spinel (9–15 wt.%) and positively correlated with the CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios of melt inclusions (0.9–1.5). Major and trace element patterns of melt inclusions are similar to that of the host rock, indicating that the magma could have formed by accumulation of small batches of melt, with compositions similar to the melt inclusions. The liquidus temperature of the magma was  1275 °C, and its oxygen fugacity ≤ FMQ + 2.5. Correlations between K₂O, Zr, Th and LREE in the melt inclusions are interpreted to reflect variable degrees of melting of the source; correlations between Al₂O₃, Na₂O, Y and HREE are influenced by variations in the mineralogy of the source. The melts probably formed from a water-poor, clinopyroxene-rich mantle source.  相似文献   

Mechanochemical processing of low-grade diamond into nanocomposite materials     

F. Kh. Urakaev  V. S. Shevchenko  A. M. Logvinova  I. A. Madyukov  E. I. Petrushin  T. S. Yusupov  N. V. Sobolev 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2007,415(5):755-758

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Introduction     

G. A. Sobolev  V. S. Kuksenko Doctor of Physics  Mathematics  A. D. Zavyalov Doctor of Physics  Mathematics 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(9):719-720

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Microseismic impulses as earthquake precursors     

G. A. Sobolev  A. A. Lyubushin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(9):721-733

Records of the IRIS broadband stations in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Magadan, Yakutsk, Arti, and Obninsk obtained before the Kronotskii (Kamchatka Peninsula) M = 7.7 earthquake of December 5, 1997, and the Neftegorsk (Sakhalin Island) M = 7.0 earthquake of May 27, 1995, are investigated with the use of the Spectra Analyzer interactive program, designed for the analysis of properties of scalar time series. It is found that, 5 to 10 days before the shocks, stations nearest to the sources of these earthquakes recorded pulsed vibrations a few minutes long that were separated by intervals of a few tens of minutes. The shape asymmetry of the pulses characterized by different amplitudes of positive and negative polarity phases increased toward the earthquake onset time, as did the frequency and regularity of the pulse sequence. It is assumed that the nature of this phenomenon is related to self-organization properties of the seismic process in a metastable lithosphere and to the synchronization of vibrations in the inner and outer shells of the Earth, including chaotic and quasi-periodic components.  相似文献   

Mineral inclusions in microdiamonds and macrodiamonds from kimberlites of Yakutia: a comparative study   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

N.V. Sobolev  A.M. Logvinova  D.A. Zedgenizov  Y.V. Seryotkin  E.S. Yefimova  C. Floss  L.A. Taylor 《Lithos》2004,77(1-4):225-242

Chemical compositions were determined on mineral inclusions recovered from 290 microdiamonds (<1 mm) from 8 operating diamond mines in Yakutia. The sampled diamond mines include Mir, Udachnaya, Internatsionalnaya, Aykhal, Sytykanskaya, Yubileynaya, Komsomolskaya and Krasnopresnenskaya. The mineral inclusions include both ultramafic (peridotitic) suite (U-type) and eclogitic suite (E-type) examples. Olivines, chromites, Cr-pyropes, Cr-diopsides and enstatite were studied from U-type diamonds. Mg–Ca–Fe-garnets and omphacitic clinopyroxenes were studied from E-type microdiamonds. Abundances and compositions of these inclusions were compared with published and unpublished data on inclusions available from approximately 2000 macrodiamonds (>1 mm) from the same sources, and worldwide data for olivines and chromites. Although there are general similarities, notable exceptions were detected in about 10% of the inclusions from microdiamonds. For each of the pipes, anomalous compositions occur between the micro- and macrodiamond inclusions, but in different proportions, sometimes as high as 50% of the inclusions. Our study has demonstrated that mineral inclusions in microdiamonds are considerably more variable in their compositions and parageneses compared with inclusions in macrodiamonds.

Significant compositional anomalies in inclusions from microdiamonds include: (1) garnets containing pyroxene solid solution (majoritic component) both in U- and E-type microdiamonds from three pipes: Yubileynaya, Komsomolskaya and Krasnopresnenskaya. The moles of Si (pfu) in these garnets range from 3.07 to 3.13 and as high as 3.29, on the basis of 12 oxygens, along with a notable contents of Na₂O in two eclogitic garnets (0.43 and 0.93 wt.%) and uniquely high Cr₂O₃ and CaO contents in an ultramafic garnet of wehrlitic paragenesis; (2) coexisting wehrlitic garnets in a single microdiamond, one majoritic, the other normal, both with distinct +Eu anomalies, considered as signatures of crustal protoliths for the precursors to these garnets; (3) olivines with relatively low Fo (86–89) and high-NiO contents (0.46–0.64 wt.%), from Yubileynaya and Sytykanskaya microdiamonds; (4) chromites containing high-TiO₂ (up to 4.7 wt.%) and some extremely rich in MgO (Mg# 80). It is concluded that many of these compositional features observed may be related to a deeper origin for the microdiamond source region (>300 km), for at least a 10–30% portion of microdiamonds from each Yakutian pipe.  相似文献   

Crystallization temperature of wyomingite from Leucite Hills     

V. S. Sobolev  T. Ju. Bazarova  Kenzo Yagi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1975,49(4):301-308

Wyomingite collected from Leucite Hills is composed mainly of leucite, diopside, phlogopite, and small amounts of apatite, calcite, magnetite and rare amphibole, and is characterized by very high content of potash. Thermal experiments at atmospheric pressure indicate that the liquidus phase is always diopside with liquidus temperature of 1320 °C, and solidus temperature is about 1000 °C. Various kinds of melt inclusions are abundant in all constituent minerals. They comprise mono-phase (glass only), two-phase (gas+glass), three-phase (gas+glass+one crystalline phase) and multi-phase (gas+glass+more than two crystalline phases) inclusions. Thermal experiments have been made on these inclusions in phlogopite, diopside, and leucite in order to estimate the temperature of crystallization by homogenizing these inclusions. The results show that the crystallization of wyomingite began with formation of phlogopite accompanied by diopside at 1270 °C. Although diopside ceased crystallization at 1220 °C recurrent crystallization of phlogopite was noticed between 1120 ° and 1040 °C. Leucite crystallized out abundantly between 1250 ° and 1150 °C. Complete solidification of wyomingite occurred at about 1000 °C.  相似文献   

Velocity changes associated with generalized triaxial deformation of pyrophyllite     

C. H. Sondergeld  I. C. Getting  H. A. Spetzler  G. A. Sobolev 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,118(2):975-989

Compressional and shear-wave velocities (V _p andV _s ) were measured during the generalized triaxial deformation (i.e. _{1 2}=2 ₃) of pyrophyllite. Observed velocity changes could be ascribed to crack development during dilatancy. Velocity changes were very localized with respect to the ultimate failure plane. The orientation and development of the failure plane was continuously observed with laser holography. Velocity reverals, i.e. changes from a decreasing trend to an increasing trend, were documented in a wet sample in bothV _p andV _s . These changes in bothV _p andV _p are inconsistent with dialatancy-diffusion models. The reversals were interpreted as a reflection of local stress reorientation caused by a slowly propagating fault.  相似文献   

On the duration of seismic motion incident onto the Valley of Mexico for subduction zone earthquakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nikolai M. Shapiro  Kim B. Olsen  Shri  K. Singh 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,151(2):501-510

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高加索Eldjurti花岗岩体的生成环境及岩浆演化特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱永峰 Sobo.  RN 《地质论评》1994,40(6):554-564

Ｅｌｄｊｕｒｔｉ岩体是俄罗斯内高加索地区阿尔卑斯造山活动晚期形成的花岗岩体。笔者研究了岩体中部由钻孔构成深达５０００ｍ的垂直剖面中岩石的岩石化学特征及岩体的生成环境和岩浆演化特征，结果表明Ｅｌｄｊｕｒｔｉ花岗岩体分异成两个岩石化学特征不同的单元，相对偏在性，岩浆分异程度较左的浅部和偏酸性，岩浆分异程度较高的深部。浆结晶分异作用使熔体中Ａｌ，Ｍｇ，Ｆｅ，Ｃａ，Ｎａ不断被消耗，Ｓｉ，Ｋ相对富集于残余熔  相似文献