Structured chemosensor films based on silica nanoparticles modified by organic colorants     

V. V. Serdobintseva  D. V. Kalinin  A. P. Eliseev  N. V. Sobolev 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2008,422(1):1116-1118

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The study of barrier fracture in relation to earthquake and rockburst prediction     

G. A. Sobolev 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1986,124(4-5):811-824

One of the simplest models of earthquakes and rockbursts was studied in laboratory conditions in which the fracture was initiated in a barrier between two preexisting faults. The treated models were built of concrete; during the construction of the models, the stress concentrators were inserted inside the models. This arrangement enabled the shear displacement to occur during uniaxial loading of the model. The tests were made on the series of models, the sizes of which were mutually varying more than one order. In the process of the barrier fracture propagation, the following were investigated: the time and space changes of local deformations as well as the acoustic emission, velocities and amplitudes of elastic waves, electrical conductivity and proper electro-induction. The process of barrier fracturing can be understood in three fundamental stages. In the course of the first stage, the density of small tensile cracks increases considerably, while the volume in which they exist is gradually enlarged. In the second stage, as the result, of these cracks coupling, longer shear cracks are created. During the coupling, due to the development of numerous regions of unstable deformation, the zones of nonequal rigidity arise in the treated medium, distributed within it in a mosaic-like pattern. In the third stage, the main fracture is prepared and formed with simultaneous unloading of the surrounding medium. The process of crack forming is gradually localized into a more narrow zone.The second and third stages of fracture forming are reflected in variations of all the above-mentioned physical parameters which are therefore identified as the precursors of the main fracture. By means of the series of precursors it is possible to find the reliable prediction of a barrier fracture.  相似文献   

Stability of methane in reduced C–O–H fluid at 6.3 GPa and 1300–1400°C     

A. G. Sokol  A. A. Tomilenko  T. A. Bul’bak  G. A. Palyanova  Yu. N. Palyanov  N. V. Sobolev 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,474(2):680-683

The composition of a reduced C–O–H fluid was studied by the method of chromatography–mass spectrometry under the conditions of 6.3 GPa, 1300–1400°C, and fO₂ typical of the base of the subcratonic lithosphere. Fluids containing water (4.4–96.3 rel. %), methane (37.6–0.06 rel. %), and variable concentrations of ethane, propane, and butane were obtained in experiments. With increasing fO₂, the proportion of the CH₄/C₂H₆ peak areas on chromatograms first increases and then decreases, whereas the CH₄/C₃H₈ and CH₄/C₄H₁₀ ratios continually decrease. The new data show that ethane and heavier HCs may be more stable to oxidation, than previously thought. Therefore, when reduced fluids pass the “redox-front,” carbon is not completely released from the fluid and may be involved in diamond formation.  相似文献   

Initial H2O content and conditions of parent magma origin for Gorely volcano (Southern Kamchatka) estimated by trace element thermobarometry     

Nazarova  D. P.  Portnyagin  M. V.  Krasheninnikov  S. P.  Mironov  N. L.  Sobolev  A. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,472(1):100-103

Doklady Earth Sciences - The formation conditions of the parental magmas of Gorely volcano, which is located behind a volcanic front in Southern Kamchatka, have been evaluated using the modern...  相似文献   

Relation between the parameters of dust and of molecular and atomic gas in extragalactic star-forming regions     

K. I. Smirnova  M. S. Murga  D. S. Wiebe  A. M. Sobolev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):646-662

The relationships between atomic and molecular hydrogen and dust of various sizes in extragalactic star-forming regions are considered, based on observational data from the Spitzer and Herschel infrared space telescopes, the Very Large Array (atomic hydrogen emission) and IRAM (CO emission). The source sample consists of approximately 300 star-forming regions in 11 nearby galaxies. Aperture photometry has been applied to measure the fluxes in eight infrared bands (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8, 24, 70, 100, and 160 μm), the atomic hydrogen 21 cm line, and CO (2–1) line. The parameters of the dust in the starforming regions were determined via synthetic-spectra fitting, such as the total dust mass, the fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), etc. Comparison of the observed fluxes with the measured parameters shows that the relationships between atomic hydrogen, molecular hydrogen, and dust are different in low- and high-metallicity regions. Low-metallicity regions contain more atomic gas, but less molecular gas and dust, including PAHs. The mass of dust constitutes about 1% of the mass of molecular gas in all regions considered. Fluxes produced by atomic and molecular gas do not correlate with the parameters of the stellar radiation, whereas the dust fluxes grow with increasing mean intensity of stellar radiation and the fraction of enhanced stellar radiation. The ratio of the fluxes at 8 and 24 μm, which characterizes the PAH content, decreases with increasing intensity of the stellar radiation, possibly indicating evolutionary variations of the PAH content. The results confirm that the contribution of the 24 μm emission to the total IR luminosity of extragalactic star-forming regions does not depend on the metallicity.  相似文献