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31.
B. I. Omel’yanenko T. S. Livshits S. V. Yudintsev B. S. Nikonov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2007,49(3):173-193
The possibility of insulation of long-lived actinides for the entire period of their potential hazard, i.e., over a virtually infinite time, is the crucial problem in safe disposal of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW). The reality of such a possibility is corroborated by the study of natural radioactive minerals that firmly retain U, Th, and REE, which are close in geochemical properties to transuranic actinides, for millions of years despite the effects of groundwater. The natural analogues of actinide HLW matrices are minerals where U, Th, and REE are contained as major elements or isomorphic admixtures. The study of these minerals is helpful for synthesis of durable artificial forms of wastes that ensure reliable insulation of HLW up to the complete decay of actinides independently of such engineering barriers of underground repositories as containers and bentonite buffers. The main requirements on confinement matrices include a high isomorphic capacity with respect to actinides and other HLW components, chemical and radiation stability, and technological feasibility of their industrial production. The natural and artificial minerals—uraninite, monazite, zirconolite, pyrochlore, britholite, garnet, and murataite—characterized in this paper may serve as a basis for efficient matrices for immobilization of actinide wastes. 相似文献
32.
A comparative analysis has been carried out for maps of recent vertical crustal movements (RVCM) for the European territory of Russia published at various times. We present maps for differences of rates of RVCM (1963–1971, 1971–1986). Considerable discrepancies have been detected for the rates of RVCM shown in the maps as regards the sense of movement, its magnitude and distribution. We point out possible causes of these discrepancies and question the validity of RVCM maps as reflecting tectonic crustal movements. 相似文献
33.
A.A. Nikonov 《Tectonophysics》1976,31(3-4)
An analysis of the distribution (both spatial and temporal) of large earthquakes (M 6.5) along the Gissar—Kokshaal and the Hindu-Kush—Darvaz—Karakul fault zones in Middle Asia has revealed the linear character of migration from the ends to the centre of the Pamir arcs at a rate of 1–2 km/year to 3–6 km/year. Migration of large earthquakes at a similar rate has also been found in some of the other great fault zones. An attempt has been made to evaluate the duration of a migration cycle.The regularity found, although it needs further confirmation, has been used to tentatively predict the possible sites of future large earthquakes likely to occur in the present century. 相似文献
34.
The present paper is a continuation of the previous work on modeling the local stress field induced by the San Andreas fault system (Nikonov et al., 1975). This system has been simulated on plane elastic models made of optically sensitive material, the models being under homogeneous uniaxial compression. The photoelastic method has been used to study the redistribution of τmax around the fault system with sides closed under compression.Three main features emerge in the kinematics of fault-system modeling. The first is a peculiar distortion of an originally rectangular grid, reflecting right-lateral movements on the San Andreas fault. This is especially noticeable in its central part. The second is the appearance and spreading of tear breaks near the ends of the zone nearly normal to the strike of the ends of the master fault. The third feature is separation of fault wings in certain sections of the San Andreas fault in the model. All these features are in general correspondence with the phenomena actually observed in the San Andreas fault system. 相似文献
35.
Recent crustal movements are components and the direct continuation of some neotectonic movements i.e. the Neogene-Quaternary stage of the earth's development. According to geodetic and oceanographic data these crustal movements are constantly taking place everywhere on the continents and probably on the ocean floor. Their velocity and velocity gradients are certainly different on platforms from that in orogenic regions. Orogenic regions are characterized by higher velocity, varying from several mm to several cm per year, and to an even greater degree by the different character of the movement. The velocity gradient in these regions reaches values of 10?6–10?5/year.A peculiar indication of recent movements is their irregularity in time. Periodic movements are typical for platforms; orogenic regions are characterized by sharp increases in velocity by 1–2 orders of magnitude and their gradients by 2–3 orders, close to the time occurrence of earthquakes.The deep processes generating the measured recent crustal movements are manifested also in earthquakes, the state of stress of rocks and anomalies of gravitational and other fields. Thus estimations of recent tectonic activity should be based on the whole complex of quantitative data, such as the velocity and velocity gradients of recent movements, values of stress in mines, and seismicity.To study the deep processes causing the present tectonic activity, it is necessary to determine the types of crustal deformation occurring in different geotectonic regions. The relationships between recent movements and the distribution of earthquakes in the regions with a high degree of crustal activity allow to identify four types of movement: pleistoseismic, hyposeismic, kryptoseismic and teleseismic. 相似文献
36.
Yudintsev S. V. Nickolsky M. S. Stefanovsky O. I. Nikonov B. S. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2022,504(2):403-409
Doklady Earth Sciences - Light rare earth (REE) titanates, such as REE2TiO5, REE2Ti2O7, and REE4Ti9O24, are potential matrices for the REE-actinide fraction of high-level waste from the... 相似文献
37.
S. B. Nikolaeva A. A. Nikonov S. V. Shvarev M. V. Rodkin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,469(1):656-660
This paper considers the results of detailed paleoseismic and geological investigations in a key site in the wall of the Imandra Lake depression (Kola Peninsula Region, Northeast of the Fennoscandian Shield). Study of different groups of paleoseismic deformations developed in the fault zone and the application of new methods and techniques made it possible to identify a large seismotectonic zone characterized by great earthquakes at the end of the Late Glacial and in the Holocene. The investigation data are indicative of the necessity to estimate the seismic potential in the Kola Atomic plant area in a different way. 相似文献
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39.
Frost quakes as a particular class of seismic events: Observations within the East-European platform
A. A. Nikonov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(3):257-273
The group of quakes, which are caused by fast freezing of water-saturated soils or rocks at abrupt drop of winter temperatures
often occurring in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia, is considered. The review of little-known literature is given;
the statistical data on the distribution of earthquakes in seasons and the time of day in various regions of Eurasia are presented.
Special attention is paid to the East European Platform; using the data for this platform, with thorough consideration of
reference quakes along with the weather conditions, the signs of a specific class of nontectonic seismic events are determined.
The question concerning the necessity of the frost quakes’ discrimination in compilation of tectonic earthquake catalogues
in certain regions is stated. 相似文献
40.