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111.
Kenichiro Tani Richard S. Fiske Yoshihiko Tamura Yukari Kido Jiro Naka Hiroshi Shukuno Rika Takeuchi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2008,70(5):547-562
Sumisu volcano was the site of an eruption during 30–60 ka that introduced ∼48–50 km3 of rhyolite tephra into the open-ocean environment at the front of the Izu-Bonin arc. The resulting caldera is 8 × 10 km
in diameter, has steep inner walls 550–780 m high, and a floor averaging 900 m below sea level. In the course of five research
cruises to the Sumisu area, a manned submersible, two ROVs, a Deep-Tow camera sled, and dredge samples were used to study
the caldera and surrounding areas. These studies were augmented by newly acquired single-channel seismic profiles and multi-beam
seafloor swath-mapping. Caldera-wall traverses show that pre-caldera eruptions built a complex of overlapping dacitic and
basaltic edifices, that eventually grew above sea level to form an island about 200 m high. The caldera-forming eruption began
on the island and probably produced a large eruption column. We interpret that prodigious rates of tephra fallback overwhelmed
the Sumisu area, forming huge rafts of floating pumice, choking the nearby water column with hyperconcentrations of slowly
settling tephra, and generating pyroclastic gravity currents of water-saturated pumice that traveled downslope along the sea
floor. Thick, compositionally similar pumice deposits encountered in ODP Leg 126 cores 70 km to the south could have been
deposited by these gravity currents. The caldera-rim, presently at ocean depths of 100–400 m, is mantled by an extensive layer
of coarse dense lithic clasts, but syn-caldera pumice deposits are only thin and locally preserved. The paucity of syn-caldera
pumice could be due to the combined effects of proximal non-deposition and later erosion by strong ocean currents. Post-caldera
edifice instability resulted in the collapse of a 15° sector of the eastern caldera rim and the formation of bathymetrically
conspicuous wavy slump structures that disturb much of the volcano’s surface. 相似文献
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114.
The Yezo Group has a wide longitudinal distribution across Hokkaido, northern Japan. It represents a Cretaceous (Early Aptian–Late Maastrichtian) and Late Paleocene forearc basin‐fill along the eastern margin of the paleo‐Asian continent. In the Nakagawa area of northern Hokkaido, the uppermost part of the Yezo Group consists of the Hakobuchi Formation. Along the western margin of the Yezo basin, 24 sedimentary facies (F) represent 6 facies associations (FA), suggesting prevailing storm‐dominated inner shelf to shoreface environments, subordinately associated with shoreface sand ridges, outer shelf, estuary and fluvial environments. The stacking patterns, thickness and facies trends of these associations allow the discrimination of six depositional sequences (DS). Inoceramids Sphenoceramus schmidti and Inoceramus balticus, and the ammonite Metaplacenticeras subtilistriatum, provide late Early to Late Campanian age constraints to this approximately 370‐m thick final stage of deposition and uplift of the Yezo forearc basin. Six shallow‐marine to subordinately non‐marine sandstone‐dominated depositional sequences include four 10 to 110‐m thick upward‐coarsening regressive successions (FS1), occasionally associated with thin, less than 10‐m thick, upward‐fining transgressive successions (FS2). The lower DS1–3, middle DS4–5 and upper DS6 represent three depositional sequential sets (DSS1–3). These eastward prograding and westward retrograding recurring shallow‐marine depositional systems may reflect third‐ and fourth‐order relative sealevel changes, in terms of sequence stratigraphy. 相似文献
115.
James A. Van Orman Timothy L. Grove Nobumichi Shimizu Graham D. Layne 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,142(4):416-424
Volume diffusion rates of Ce, Sm, Dy, and Yb have been measured in a natural pyrope-rich garnet single crystal (Py71Alm16Gr13) at a pressure of 2.8 GPa and temperatures of 1,200-1,450 °C. Pieces of a single gem-quality pyrope megacryst were polished, coated with a thin layer of polycrystalline REE oxide, then annealed in a piston cylinder device for times between 2.6 and 90 h. Diffusion profiles in the annealed samples were measured by SIMS depth profiling. The dependence of diffusion rates on temperature can be described by the following Arrhenius equations (diffusion coefficients in m2/s): % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBam % XvP5wqSXMqHnxAJn0BKvguHDwzZbqegm0B1jxALjhiov2DaeHbuLwB % Lnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaieYlf9irVeeu0d % Xdh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9 % pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaaca % qabeaadaabauaaaOqaauaabeqaeeaaaaqaaiGbcYgaSjabc+gaVjab % cEgaNnaaBaaaleaacqaIXaqmcqaIWaamaeqaaOGaemiraq0aaSbaaS % qaaiabbMfazjabbkgaIbqabaGccqGH9aqpcqGGOaakcqGHsislcqaI % 3aWncqGGUaGlcqaI3aWncqaIZaWmcqGHXcqScqaIWaamcqGGUaGlcq % aI5aqocqaI3aWncqGGPaqkcqGHsisldaqadaqaaiabiodaZiabisda % 0iabiodaZiabgglaXkabiodaZiabicdaWiaaysW7cqqGRbWAcqqGkb % GscaaMe8UaeeyBa0Maee4Ba8MaeeiBaW2aaWbaaSqabeaacqqGTaql % cqqGXaqmaaGccqGGVaWlcqaIYaGmcqGGUaGlcqaIZaWmcqaIWaamcq % aIZaWmcqWGsbGucqWGubavaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaeaacyGGSbaBcqGG % VbWBcqGGNbWzdaWgaaWcbaGaeGymaeJaeGimaadabeaakiabdseaen % aaBaaaleaacqqGebarcqqG5bqEaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaeiikaGIaeyOe % I0IaeGyoaKJaeiOla4IaeGimaaJaeGinaqJaeyySaeRaeGimaaJaei % Ola4IaeGyoaKJaeG4naCJaeiykaKIaeyOeI0YaaeWaaeaacqaIZaWm % cqaIWaamcqaIYaGmcqGHXcqScqaIZaWmcqaIWaamcaaMe8Uaee4AaS % MaeeOsaOKaaGjbVlabb2gaTjabb+gaVjabbYgaSnaaCaaaleqabaGa % eeyla0IaeeymaedaaOGaei4la8IaeGOmaiJaeiOla4IaeG4mamJaeG % imaaJaeG4mamJaemOuaiLaemivaqfacaGLOaGaayzkaaaabaGagiiB % aWMaei4Ba8Maei4zaC2aaSbaaSqaaiabigdaXiabicdaWaqabaGccq % WGebardaWgaaWcbaGaee4uamLaeeyBa0gabeaakiabg2da9iabcIca % OiabgkHiTiabiMda5iabc6caUiabikdaYiabigdaXiabgglaXkabic % daWiabc6caUiabiMda5iabiEda3iabcMcaPiabgkHiTmaabmaabaGa % eG4mamJaeGimaaJaeGimaaJaeyySaeRaeG4mamJaeGimaaJaaGjbVl % abbUgaRjabbQeakjaaysW7cqqGTbqBcqqGVbWBcqqGSbaBdaahaaWc % beqaaiabb2caTiabbgdaXaaakiabc+caViabikdaYiabc6caUiabio % daZiabicdaWiabiodaZiabdkfasjabdsfaubGaayjkaiaawMcaaaqa % aiGbcYgaSjabc+gaVjabcEgaNnaaBaaaleaacqaIXaqmcqaIWaamae % qaaOGaemiraq0aaSbaaSqaaiabboeadjabbwgaLbqabaGccqGH9aqp % cqGGOaakcqGHsislcqaI5aqocqGGUaGlcqaI3aWncqaI0aancqGHXc % qScqaIYaGmcqGGUaGlcqaI4aaocqaI0aancqGGPaqkcqGHsisldaqa % daqaaiabikdaYiabiIda4iabisda0iabgglaXkabiMda5iabigdaXi % aaysW7cqqGRbWAcqqGkbGscaaMe8UaeeyBa0Maee4Ba8MaeeiBaW2a % aWbaaSqabeaacqqGTaqlcqqGXaqmaaGccqGGVaWlcqaIYaGmcqGGUa % GlcqaIZaWmcqaIWaamcqaIZaWmcqWGsbGucqWGubavaiaawIcacaGL % Paaaaaaaaa!0C76!