Monitoring and simulation of water, heat, and CO2 fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems based on the APEIS-FLUX system     

WATANABE Masataka  WANG Qinxue  HAYASHI Seiji  MURAKAMI ShogoLIU Jiyuan  OUYANG Zhu  LI Yan  LI Yingnian  WANG Kelin 《地理学报》2005,15(2):131-141

The Integrated Environmental Monitoring (IEM) project, part of the Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategy (APEIS) project, developed an integrated environmental monitoring system that can be used to detect, monitor, and assess environmental disasters, degradation, and their impacts in the Asia-Pacific region. The system primarily employs data from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the Earth Observation System- (EOS-) Terra/Aqua satellite, as well as those from ground observations at five sites in different ecological systems in China. From the preliminary data analysis on both annual and daily variations of water, heat and CO2 fluxes, we can confirm that this system basically has been working well. The results show that both latent flux and CO2 flux are much greater in the crop field than those in the grassland and the saline desert, whereas the sensible heat flux shows the opposite trend. Different data products from MODIS have very different correspondence, e.g. MODIS-derived land surface temperature has a close correlation with measured ones, but LAI and NPP are quite different from ground measurements, which suggests that the algorithms used to process MODIS data need to be revised by using the local dataset. We are now using the APEIS-FLUX data to develop an integrated model, which can simulate the regional water, heat, and carbon fluxes. Finally, we are expected to use this model to develop more precise high-order MODIS products in Asia-Pacific region.  相似文献   

珠江三角洲经济区河水中微量元素的空间分布   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

欧阳婷萍  匡耀求  谭建军  郭国章  顾立松 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(4):66-69

在珠江三角洲经济区采集了29个河水样品,利用高分辨率仪器ICP MS测量了河水中微量元素的含量。结果表明,河水中稀土元素的平均含量按西江、北江、珠三角河、深圳河、东江的顺序呈增加趋势;珠三角河及深圳河具有较高重金属含量,西江和北江中重金属含量相对较低,东江居中。经分析发现,珠江三角洲经济区河水中微量元素的空间分布特征是自然条件和人类活动共同作用的结果;自然环境对稀土元素的空间分布起主要作用;人类活动是影响重金属分布特征不可忽视的重要因素。  相似文献   

Distribution characteristics of SOM and nitrogen on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain     

WANG Lin  OUYANG Hu  PENG Kui  TIAN Yuqiang  ZHANG Feng   《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):481-487

Soil is the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystem, and its carbon content accounts for two thirds of the whole terrestrial ecosystem (Schlesinger, 1990). The soil organic matter (SOM) content and turnover rate exert impacts directly on the terrestrial ecosystem and global carbon cycles. Nitrogen is the main limiting factor constraining the plant growth (Vitousek etal., 1997; Pamela etal., 2002). Changes of the nitrogen content will change the microbial respiration through changing the…  相似文献   

Forest ecosystem health assessment and analysis in China     

XIAO Fengjin  OUYANG Hua  ZHANG Qiang  FU Bojie  ZHANG Zhicheng 《地理学报》2004,14(1):18-24

Based on more than 300 forest sample plots surveying data and forestry statistical data, remote sensing information from the NOAA AVHRR database and the daily meteorological data of 300 stations, we selected vigor, organization and resilience as the indicators to assess large-scale forest ecosystem health in China and analyzed the spatial pattern of forest ecosystem health and influencing factors. The results of assessment indicated that the spatial pattern of forest ecosystem health showed a decreasing trend along latitude gradients and longitude gradients. The healthy forests are mainly distributed in natural forests, tropical rainforests and seasonal rainforests; secondarily orderly in northeast national forest zone, subtropical forest zonation and southwest forest zonation; while the unhealthy forests were mainly located in warm temperate zone and Xinjiang-Mongolia forest zone. The coefficient of correction between Forest Ecosystem Health Index (FEHI) and annual average precipitation was 0.58 (p<0.01), while the coefficient of correlation between FEHI and annual mean temperatures was 0.49 (p<0.01), which identified that the precipitation and temperatures affect the pattern of FEHI, and the precipitation's effect was stronger than the temperature's. We also measured the correlation coefficient between FEHI and NPP, biodiversity and resistance, which were 0.64, 0.76 and 0.81 (p<0.01) respectively. The order of effect on forest ecosystem health was vigor, organization and resistance.  相似文献   

利用噪声研究地下介质速度结构及其变化在中国大陆的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李佳鹏  钟卫星  李红谊  李信富  郑丹  欧阳龙斌  张冰 《地震工程学报》2015,37(1):235-241

背景噪声层析成像技术已被广泛应用于地壳和上地幔速度结构的研究,这种方法不依靠地震的发生和人工源爆破,只需记录连续的噪声信号而无需产生信号,因为噪声穿过地下介质时会携带信息,然后通过利用台站记录到的连续背景噪声数据进行互相关计算和叠加,即可得到台站间的经验格林函数,从而获取对地下结构的认识。这种方法已经很好地应用于中国的东北地区、华北克拉通、青藏高原以及华南地区,并成功地揭示了这些地区地壳与上地幔顶部的速度结构。此外近年来,一些学者还利用噪声互相关技术研究地下介质地震波速度随时间的变化,通过对汶川大地震前后连续噪声记录的研究发现,大震发生后呈现同震波速降低和震后波速逐渐恢复的特点,这表明可以通过观测地震波特性的变化来监测地下应力的变化,从而为大震的预测预防工作提供科学依据。本文主要综述了近些年来背景噪声技术及其在中国大陆地区的应用。  相似文献   

基于GIS的建筑物震害预测系统的开发与应用     

翟永梅  陈刚  欧阳倩雯 《地震研究》2015,38(1)

以上海市浦东新区潍坊街道为实验区,基于Arc GIS软件平台,开发了建筑物震害预测系统。该系统分为3个组件:震害矩阵统计工具、震害预测工具箱、建造年代及震害结果赋值工具,将建筑物的属性数据、建筑物易损性模型和震害预测结果嵌入GIS平台,实现了震害预测的批量化和自动化,以及预测结果的交互可视化。另外还将开发的建筑物震害预测系统应用于实验区,所得结论与以前项目研究成果对比一致,验证了该系统的可靠性,得出的震害预测结果,可以辅助城市抗震防灾规划的决策。  相似文献   

叠前非局部平均滤波压制随机噪音     

胡新海  欧阳永林  曾庆才  王兴  康敬程 《煤田地质与勘探》2014,42(5):87-91

非局部平均滤波方法的去噪性能优异,但其在地震资料处理中的应用刚刚起步。该方法利用数据具有的结构冗余,以包含局部结构的小窗口或邻域为单元,利用局部结构相似性进行加权运算,增强有效信号,压制随机噪音。针对叠前地震资料数据量大、噪音背景强、局部结构简单;原始非局部平均算法对每一点滤波,需要对数据体内所有点计算权系数后进行加权计算,计算量大,对强噪音背景适用性差等不足,对原始非局部平均算法进行了改进,主要包括:基于速度谱的搜索窗口分割;基于梯度域奇异值分解的局部结构相似集选择方法;基于相似集大小的自适应滤波参数选择方法。试验结果表明,该方法改进后对于叠前地震数据的随机噪声具有较好的压制作用。   相似文献   

1990-2010年中国土地利用变化对生物多样性保护重点区域的扰动     

赵国松  刘纪远  匡文慧  欧阳志云 《地理学报》2014,69(11):1640-1650

基于人类土地利用活动对不同生态系统生物多样性保护服务的影响,构建生态系统综合人类扰动指数,结合不同级别的生物多样性保护区域 (一般重要、中等重要、重要、极重要四个级别) 从全国尺度及区域尺度分析了中国1990-2010年土地利用变化对生物多样性保护重点区域的扰动。结果表明：就2010年现状而言,我国中东部地区人类扰动程度较大,西部地区人类扰动程度较低,全国生物多样性保护中等重要、重要、极重要区域的人类扰动程度低于全国整体 (包括所有级别) 均值。就20年来人类扰动程度变化态势而言,全国中东部人类扰动程度变化幅度总体高于西部,生物多样性保护中等重要、重要、极重要区域人类扰动程度均呈轻微上升趋势,但增加幅度低于全国整体增加幅度。随着东部地区的快速城市化以及东北、新疆等地区的农田开垦等土地利用活动,生物多样性保护中等重要、重要、极重要区域等重点区域人类扰动程度呈现上升趋势,应引起重视;而随着黄土高原等地区退耕还林还草工程的实施,人类扰动程度整体则呈现一定的下降趋势。青藏高原区扰动变化幅度很小,几乎没有变化。总体而言,中国目前陆地国土开发利用的空间格局与生物多样性保护保护重要区域的空间分布是相互匹配的,这有利于国家生物多样性保护的整体布局。同时,20年来生态系统综合人类扰动指数变幅的区域分异也与生物多样性保护重要性空间格局相吻合,说明20年来针对生态保护的各项政策与措施在减少生物多样性保护重点区域人类扰动方面产生了积极的成效。  相似文献   

Ulasitai: A new iron meteorite likely paired with Armanty (IIIE)     

Lin XU  Bingkui MIAO  Yangting LIN  Ziyuan OUYANG 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2008,43(8):1263-1273

Abstract— The Ulasitai iron was recently found about 130 km southeast to the find site of the Armanty (Xinjiang, IIIE) meteorite. It is a coarse octahedrite with a kamacite bandwidth of 1.2 ± 0.2 (0.9–1.8) mm. Plessite is abundant, as is taenite, kamacite, cohenite, and schreibersite with various microstructures. Schreibersite is Ni‐rich (30.5–55.5 wt%) in plessite or coexisting with troilite and daubreelite, in comparison with the coarse laths (20.6–21.2 wt%) between the Widmanstätten pattern plates. The correlation between the center Ni content and the half bandwidth of taenite suggest a cooling rate of ?20 °C/Myr based on simulations. The petrography and mineral chemistry of Ulasitai are similar to Armanty. The bulk samples of Ulasitai were measured, together with Armanty, Nandan (IIICD), and Mundrabilla (IIICD), by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) and mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The results agree with literature data of the same meteorites, and our analyses of four samples of Armanty (L1, L12, L16, L17) confirm a homogeneous composition (Wasson et al. 1988). The bulk composition of Ulasitai is identical to that of Armanty, both plotting within the IIIE field. We classify Ulasitai as a new IIIE iron and suggest that it pairs with Armanty.  相似文献   

谈温州经验及湖北测绘行业的发展     

欧阳光辉  赵喜红 《地理空间信息》2004,2(5):49-50

通过考察和学习温州测绘工作,总结了温州测绘行业管理和生产经营的特点,结合我省实际,借鉴温州测绘经验,探索加速发展湖北测绘行业的新思路。  相似文献