IAG Newsletter     

Ole Baltazar Andersen 《Journal of Geodesy》1997,72(1):44-47

• general information • reports of IAG symposia • reports by national correspondents • reports by commissions, special commissions or study groups • symposia announcements • book reviews • fast bibliography  相似文献   

First indication of Storegga tsunami deposits from East Greenland     

Bernd Wagner  Ole Bennike  Martin Klug  Holger Cremer 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(4):321-325

A 2.73 m long sediment sequence from Loon Lake, located at 18 m a.s.l. on outer Geographical Society Ø, East Greenland, was investigated for its chronology and changes in physical and biogeochemical properties, macrofossils, and grain‐size distribution. The predominance of marine fossils throughout the sequence, dated by ¹⁴C AMS to between 8630 and 7535 cal. yr BP, shows that the Loon Lake at that time was a marine basin, which according to existing sea‐level curves was about 15–35 m deep. The sequence mainly consists of fine grained homogeneous sediments, which are interrupted by a 0.72 m thick sandy horizon with erosive basis and distinct fluctuations in the grain‐size distribution and in the physical and biogeochemical properties. According to the radiocarbon dates, this sandy horizon was deposited after 8500–8300 cal. yr BP and is interpreted as originating from the Storegga tsunami. The record from Loon Lake provides the first indication of Storegga tsunami deposits from East Greenland. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A morphometric analysis of tunnel valleys in the eastern North Sea based on 3D seismic data     

Thomas B. Kristensen  Mads Huuse  Jan A. Piotrowski  Ole R. Clausen 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(8):801-815

A 1250 km² 3D seismic volume is used to provide a detailed spatial and geometrical analysis of fifteen Pleistocene tunnel valleys in the Danish North Sea. All the valleys are buried; they are up to 39 km long, 3–4 km wide and up to 350 m deep. The valleys are part of a vast tunnel valley province covering an area of some 0.5 million km² of the formerly glaciated lowland areas of North West Europe. The valleys consist of non‐branching, non‐anastomosing troughs; they exhibit strongly undulating bottom profiles with numerous sub‐basins and thresholds, and are characterised by adverse end slopes. Cross‐cutting relationships and theoretical considerations suggest the occurrence of seven major episodes of valley incision attributed to ice marginal oscillations within a few glacials. Calculations considering the valley end gradients and theoretical ice‐surface profiles suggest that the valleys were formed by pressurised subglacial meltwater erosion. Given a range of theoretical ice‐surface profiles, the adverse end slopes are well beyond the supercooling threshold, which suggests that the water was not in thermal equilibrium with the basal ice and that flow was concentrated in substantial conduits with sufficient mass and flux to maintain water temperature well above the freezing point. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Palaeoecology of two lake basins from Disko,West Greenland     

Ole Bennike 《第四纪科学杂志》1995,10(2):149-155

The macrofossils, lithology and chronology of two lake basins on Disko in central West Greenland have been investigated. Both lakes were isolated from the sea in the mid-Holocene as a result of relative land uplift. A marine-brackish-limnic sequence was recovered from the Qivittut Lake. The marine fauna is unusually diverse, whereas the brackish water fauna consists only of few species. Immediately after isolation the lake passed through a short-lived eutrophic phase, after which stable, mesotrophic conditions were established. From the second lake basin, the Fortunebay Lake, only limnic sediments were recovered. This lake record demonstrates that rather stable conditions have persisted since mid-Holocene times. Both lakes show anomalously high accumulation rates.  相似文献   

Holocene climate changes in southern Greenland: evidence from lake sediments     

Camilla S. Andresen  Svante Bjrck  Ole Bennike  Gerard Bond 《第四纪科学杂志》2004,19(8):783-795

A Holocene lake sediment record is presented from Lake N14 situated on Angissoq Island 15 km off the main coast of southern Greenland. The palaeoclimatic development has been interpreted on the basis of flux and percentage content of biogenic silica, clastic material, organic material and sulphur as well as sedimentation rate, moss content and magnetic susceptibility. A total of 43 radiocarbon dates has ensured a reliable chronology. It is argued that varying sediment composition mainly reflects changing precipitation. By analogy with the present meteorological conditions in southern Greenland, Holocene climate development is inferred. Between 11 550 and 9300 cal. yr BP temperature and precipitation increase markedly, but this period is climatically unstable. From 9300 yr BP conditions become more stable and a Holocene climatic optimum, characterised by warm and humid conditions, is observed from 8000 to 5000 cal. yr BP. From 4700 cal. yr BP the first signs of a climatic deterioration are observed, and from 3700 cal. yr BP the climate has become more dry and cold. Superimposed on the climatic long‐term trend is climate variability on a centennial time‐scale that increases in amplitude after 3700 cal. yr BP. A climatic scenario related to the strength and position of the Greenland high‐pressure cell and the Iceland low‐pressure cell is proposed to explain the Holocene centennial climate variability. A comparison of the Lake N14 record with a terrestrial as well as a marine record from the eastern North Atlantic Ocean suggests that the centennial climate variability was uniform over large areas at certain times. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Relationships between morphological and sedimentological parameters in source‐to‐sink systems: a basis for predicting semi‐quantitative characteristics in subsurface systems     

Tor O. Smme  William Helland‐Hansen  Ole J. Martinsen  John B. Thurmond 《Basin Research》2009,21(4):361-387

The study of source‐to‐sink systems relates long‐term variations in sediment flux to morphogenic evolution of erosional–depositional systems. These variations are caused by an intricate combination of autogenic and allogenic forcing mechanisms that operate on multiple time scales – from individual transport events to large‐scale filling of basins. In order to achieve a better understanding of how these mechanisms influence morphological characteristics on different scales, 29 submodern source‐to‐sink systems have been investigated. The study is based on measurements of morphological parameters from catchments, shelves and slopes derived from a ∼1 km global digital elevation model dataset, in combination with data on basin floor fans, sediment supply, water discharge and deposition rates derived from published literature. By comparing various morphological and sedimentological parameters within and between individual systems, a number of relationships governing system evolution and behaviour are identified. The results suggest that the amount of low‐gradient floodplain area and river channel gradient are good indicators for catchment storage potential. Catchment area and river channel length is also related to shelf area and shelf width, respectively. Similarly to the floodplain area, these parameters are important for long‐term storage of sediment on the shelf platform. Additionally, the basin floor fan area is correlative to the long‐term deposition rate and the slope length. The slope length thus proves to be a useful parameter linking proximal and distal segments in source‐to‐sink systems. The relationships observed in this study provide insight into segment scale development of source‐to‐sink systems, and an understanding of these relationships in modern systems may result in improved knowledge on internal and external development of source‐to‐sink systems over geological time scales. They also allow for the development of a set of semi‐quantitative guidelines that can be used to predict similar relationships in other systems where data from individual system segments are missing or lacking.  相似文献   

A seismic field test with a Low-level Acoustic Combustion Source and Pseudo-Noise codes     

Bjørn Askeland  Bent Ole Ruud  Halvor Hobæk  Rolf Mjelde 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2009,67(1):66-73

The Low-level Acoustic Combustion Source (LACS) which can fire its pulses at a high rate, has been tested successfully as a seismic marine source on shallow ice-age sediments in Byfjorden at Bergen, Norway. Pseudo-Noise pulsed signals with spiky autocorrelation functions were used to detect the sediments. Each transmitted sequence lasted 10 s and contained 43 pulses. While correlation gave a blurry result, deconvolution between the near-field recordings and the streamer recordings gave a clear seismic section. Compared to the section acquired with single air-gun shots along the same profile, the LACS gave a more clear presentation of the sediments and basement.  相似文献   

Methodological framework of the PESETA project on the impacts of climate change in Europe     

Ole B. Christensen  Clare M. Goodess  Juan-Carlos Ciscar 《Climatic change》2012,112(1):7-28

The PESETA project makes a high-resolution integrated assessment of the effects of climate change in Europe in the following impact categories: agriculture, river floods, coastal systems, tourism and human health. Many relevant methodological decisions underlie the multi-disciplinary assessment, such as the selection of the climate scenarios and the economic valuation of the physical impacts. The main purpose of this article is to document the methodological framework of the PESETA project, identifying also where further research is required. How the different sources of uncertainty have been addressed in the project is explicitly analysed, including the climate change scenarios and the various sectoral methodologies.  相似文献   

Glacier hydrochemistry, solute provenance, and chemical denudation at a surge-type glacier in Kuannersuit Kuussuat, Disko Island, West Greenland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jacob C. Yde  N. Tvis Knudsen  Ole B. Nielsen 《Journal of Hydrology》2005,300(1-4):172-187

In 1995–1998, Han 11 km terrestrial surge of Kuannersuit Glacier, an outlet glacier of the largest ice cap on Disko Island, West Greenland, affected the catchment dramatically. In order to estimate solute fluxes and provenances, bulk meltwaters were sampled at the main subglacial outlet during the initial part of the quiescent phase. The hydrochemistry is significantly influenced by a subglacial basaltic weathering regime with absence of carbonate minerals. The results show that marine and aerosol derived solutes have minimal contribution to the total ion content, whereas sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ associated with carbonation of Ca-rich feldspar and reactive volcanic glass is more dominant than previously reported from glacierized catchments. Application of a sampling strategy dividing water samples into four groups to determine the content of dissolved HCO₃⁻ and CO₃²⁻ shows that the cationic equivalent weathering rate range is 683–860 Σmeq⁺ m⁻² a⁻¹ and solute flux ranges between 76 and 98 t km⁻² a⁻¹. The crustal denudation rate is estimated to 26 t km⁻² a⁻¹, and the transient CO₂ drawdown amounts to 8500–13700 kg C km⁻² a⁻¹.  相似文献   

Darss Sill as a biological border in the fossil record of the Baltic Sea: evidence from diatoms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrzej Witkowski  Anja Broszinski  Ole Bennike  Beata Janczak-Kostecka  Jrn Bo Jensen  Wolfram Lemke  Rudi Endler  Antoon Kuijpers 《Quaternary International》2005,130(1):97

Biostratigraphical and palaeoecological analyses of cores along a transect from Femer Belt to the Arkona Basin reveal that North Sea waters began to enter the western Baltic Sea between 8600 and 8400 calibrated years BP. Studies of diatoms indicate that Mecklenburg Bay was characterised by slightly brackish-water conditions between 8400 and 8000 cal. years BP. At around 8000 cal. years BP increasing salinity is indicated by a strong dominance of the diatoms Paralia sulcata and Dimeregramma minor. Some centuries later another diatom assemblage appeared and became dominant in Mecklenburg Bay. This assemblage includes Hyalinella lateripunctata and Pravifusus hyalinus species typical of shallow water areas along the Atlantic coast today. At this time the first marine molluscs made their appearance. The oldest shell of a marine mollusc found in our material is dated to 7600 cal. years BP. The associated assemblage that includes adult specimens of the gastropod Aporrhais pespelicani indicates higher salinities than today.During the Littorina Sea stage a marine diatom flora with P. sulcata, Catenula adhaerens and D. minor crossed the Darss Sill and became widely distributed in the Arkona Basin, Pomeranian Bay and the Baltic Sea proper. In contrast, taxa indicative of the Hyalinella lateripunctata/P. hyalinus assemblage are only found west of the Darss Sill in Femer Belt and Mecklenburg Bay. Apparently, the Darss Sill threshold has been acting as an important salinity border from around 7800 cal. years BP until today.  相似文献