Identifying factors of influence in the spatial distribution of domestic fires     

Olga Špatenková  Alfred Stein 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):841-858

Domestic fires at the city level, being causes for casualties and causing significant material damages, are stored as a point pattern in a GIS. In this paper we apply a statistical point pattern analysis to derive major causes from related layers of information. We fit a G-function to analyse neighbourhood relations and a Strauss process for inferring causal relations. Using open-source software we find significant differences in patterns and explaining factors between the different parts of the day, in particular for different building types and income groups. We conclude that a quantitative spatial model can be fitted and that this provides a useful opportunity for fire brigades to improve planning their efforts.  相似文献   

Fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet recorded in the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of periglacial loess from Ukraine     

Jerzy Nawrocki  Andrij B. Bogucki  Petro Gozhik  Maria &#x;anczont  Magdalena Pa&#x;czyk  Karol Standzikowski  Maryna Komar  Olga Rosowiecka  Olena Tomeniuk 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(4):940-952

The azimuth of imbrication of minimum magnetic susceptibility axes in the youngest loess from Ukraine defines prevailing wind directions during aeolian sedimentation. It changes along the studied sections. These changes can be directly correlated with the fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. The northern and northeastern winds noted in the loess succession separated by a period when southwestern to southeastern winds were predominant may be correlated with two main phases of ice‐sheet advance during the Last Glacial Maximum. The ice‐sheet advances towards the areas of loess deposition generated katabatic winds that influenced aeolian sedimentation in the periglacial zone. A period of relatively stable wind directions during a younger phase of the Last Glacial Maximum was interrupted by periods with more chaotic wind regime most probably caused by fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet during its retreat from the peri‐Baltic part of Europe. These intervals occur where initial soils developed. The distribution of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility axes defined along the periglacial loess sections from central and eastern Europe can serve to constrain fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet.  相似文献   

Assessment of soils pollution extent in surroundings of ironworks based on magnetic analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Olga Rosowiecka  Jerzy Nawrocki 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2010,54(1):185-194

This paper reports on magnetic and magnetomineralogical studies of soils influenced by ironworks activity. Researches were conducted in five areas, of which Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski ironworks area is described in detail. A map of magnetic susceptibility was created based on field measurements and samples taken from soil profile were analyzed in laboratory. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility in two frequency ranges, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, isothermal remanent magnetization thermomagnetic and geochemical analysis were carried out. SEM was used to identify ferromagnetic fractions. As a result the horizontal and vertical extent of heavy metals pollution was established.  相似文献   

Elemental Composition Analysis of Plants and Composts Used for Soil Remediation by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy          下载免费PDF全文

Giorgio S. Senesi  Marcella Dell'Aglio  Alessandro De Giacomo  Olga De Pascale  Ziad Al Chami  Teodoro M. Miano  Claudio Zaccone 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(6):791-798

  相似文献   

Sea Surface Salinity Observations from Space with the SMOS Satellite: A New Means to Monitor the Marine Branch of the Water Cycle     

Nicolas Reul  Severine Fournier  Jaqueline Boutin  Olga Hernandez  Christophe Maes  Bertrand Chapron  Gaël Alory  Yves Quilfen  Joseph Tenerelli  Simmon Morisset  Yann Kerr  Susanne Mecklenburg  Steven Delwart 《Surveys in Geophysics》2014,35(3):681-722

While it is well known that the ocean is one of the most important component of the climate system, with a heat capacity 1,100 times greater than the atmosphere, the ocean is also the primary reservoir for freshwater transport to the atmosphere and largest component of the global water cycle. Two new satellite sensors, the ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the NASA Aquarius SAC-D missions, are now providing the first space-borne measurements of the sea surface salinity (SSS). In this paper, we present examples demonstrating how SMOS-derived SSS data are being used to better characterize key land–ocean and atmosphere–ocean interaction processes that occur within the marine hydrological cycle. In particular, SMOS with its ocean mapping capability provides observations across the world’s largest tropical ocean fresh pool regions, and we discuss from intraseasonal to interannual precipitation impacts as well as large-scale river runoff from the Amazon–Orinoco and Congo rivers and its offshore advection. Synergistic multi-satellite analyses of these new surface salinity data sets combined with sea surface temperature, dynamical height and currents from altimetry, surface wind, ocean color, rainfall estimates, and in situ observations are shown to yield new freshwater budget insight. Finally, SSS observations from the SMOS and Aquarius/SAC-D sensors are combined to examine the response of the upper ocean to tropical cyclone passage including the potential role that a freshwater-induced upper ocean barrier layer may play in modulating surface cooling and enthalpy flux in tropical cyclone track regions.  相似文献   

Assessment of climate information needs in the Argentinean Agro-business sector     

Jean-Philippe Boulanger  Olga Penalba 《Climatic change》2010,98(3-4):551-563

The present investigation aims at identifying the needs of the Argentinean agro-business sector for climate research and information. Our approach is focused on any type of climate information from past observations to seasonal prediction and climate change projections. We tried, in particular, to evaluate the possible existence of specific research themes that would be of major interest for these agriculture end-users. We interviewed representatives of seventeen companies from three major agrobusiness sectors: (1) regional/national entities such as agricultural associations, cooperatives and commercial trade boards; (2) insurance companies in the Argentinean agro-insurance market; and (3) large national and international companies representing cereal producers, agro-chemistry and agro-seeds. While all the interviewees recognized the strong influence of climate on their activities, they all pointed out that, at the time of making decision, they considered the political and economic risks rather than the climate one. In many aspects, climate is often considered as a fatality against which it is difficult to be protected. An interesting result is the confidence of the private sectors in the climate information provided by public sources (INTA, SMN, Universities) although they contract private consultants for frequent reports and tendencies. Finally, we explain how such sectors could make a better use of climate information (seasonal prediction, climate change scenarios) that could be integrated in their business projections. In particular, the development of new financial contracts (climate derivatives) open in countries with a relatively poor insurance history new ways to protect the different agricultural sectors, from the producer to large companies.  相似文献   

North Atlantic control on precipitation pattern in the eastern Mediterranean/Black Sea region during the last glacial   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Olga Kwiecien  Helge W. Arz  Frank Lamy  Birgit Plessen  Andr Bahr  Gerald H. Haug 《Quaternary Research》2009,71(3):375-384

Based on proxy records from western Black Sea cores, we provide a comprehensive study of climate change during the last glacial maximum and late-glacial period in the Black Sea region. For the first time we present a record of relative changes in precipitation for NW Anatolia based on variations in the terrigenous supply expressed as detrital carbonate concentration. The good correspondence between reconstructed rainfall intensity in NW Anatolia and past western Mediterranean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) implies that during the glacial period the precipitation variability was controlled, like today, by Mediterranean cyclonic disturbances. Periods of reduced precipitation correlate well with low SSTs in the Mediterranean related to Heinrich events H1 and H2. Stable oxygen isotopes and lithological and mineralogical data point to a significant modification in the dominant freshwater/sediment source concomitant to the meltwater inflow after 16.4 cal ka BP. This change implies intensification of the northern sediment source and, with other records from the Mediterranean region, consistently suggests a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation pattern affecting the hydrology of the European continent. The early deglacial northward retreat of both atmospheric and oceanic polar fronts was responsible for the warming in the Mediterranean region, leading simultaneously to more humid conditions in central and northern Europe.  相似文献   

The concentrations of radioactive and trace elements in the granulites from the south-east margin of the Bohemian Massif (Czechoslovakia)     

Olga Matějovská  Věra Vaňková  Reviewer A. Dudek  Reviewer A. Zátopek 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1980,24(3):285-301

Summary The distribution of radioactive elements(Th, U, K) and trace elements(Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb, Zr, Ti, Cu, Cr, Ni, V) of acid granulites from the south-east margin of the Bohemian Massif (SW Moravia) was under study. The investigated rocks are characterized by a great variability ofTh/U ratios andTh andU contents; a linear relationship between theTh andU values was observed. A close relation between theU and biotite contents with a statistically significant linear correlation coefficient of +0.85 was found. In agreement with geological and petrological investigations, the concentrations of radioactive elements correspond to the contents observed in the rocks with metamorphic intensity between the amphibolite and granulite facies. The investigated rocks have extremely lowSr concentrations distinguishing them from other acid granulites of the world.Rb contents are rather variable reaching, however, the highest values among the acid granulites of various granulite areas.  相似文献   

East-alpine earthquake of 2nd December 1963     

Vladislav Babuška  Libuše Ruprechtová  Olga Zenklová 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1965,9(3):302-305

  相似文献   

Carbon Stores, Sinks, and Sources in Forests of Northwestern Russia: Can We Reconcile Forest Inventories with Remote Sensing Results?     

Olga N. Krankina  Mark E. Harmon  Warren B. Cohen  Doug R. Oetter  Zyrina Olga  Maureen V. Duane 《Climatic change》2004,67(2):257-272

Forest inventories and remote sensing are the two principal data sources used to estimate carbon (C) stocks and fluxes for large forest regions. National governments have historically relied on forest inventories for assessments but developments in remote sensing technology provide additional opportunities for operational C monitoring. The estimate of total C stock in live forest biomass modeled from Landsat imagery for the St. Petersburg region was consistent with estimates derived from forest inventory data for the early 1990s (272 and 269 TgC, respectively). The estimates of mean C sink in live forest biomass also agreed well (0.36 and 0.34 Mg C ha^–1 yr^–1). Virtually all forest lands were accumulating C in live biomass, however when the net change in total ecosystem C stock was considered, 19% of the forest area were a net source of C. The average net C sink in total ecosystem biomass is quite weak (0.08 MgC ha^–1 yr^–1 and could be reversed by minor increases in harvest rates or a small decline in biomass growth rates.  相似文献