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Man-made defence structures (e.g., breakwaters, jetties) are becoming common features of marine coastal landscapes all around the world. The ecology of assemblages of species associated with such artificial structures is, however, poorly known. In this study, we evaluated the density and size of fish predators of echinoids (i.e., Diplodus sargus, Diplodus vulgaris, Sparus aurata), and the density of sea urchins (i.e., Paracentrotus lividus) at defence structures (i.e., breakwaters) inside and outside the marine protected area of Miramare (northern Adriatic Sea) in order to: (1) assess possible differences in fish predator density and size between protected and fished breakwaters; (2) assess whether fish predation may have the potential to affect sea urchin density in artificial rocky habitats. Surveys were carried out at four random times over a period of two years. Total density, and density of medium- and large-sized individuals of the three predatory fishes were generally greater at the protected than at the fished breakwaters, whereas no differences were detected in the density of small-sized individuals. Density of the sea urchin P. lividus did not show any difference between protected and fished breakwaters. The results of this study suggest that: (1) protection may significantly affect predatory fishes in artificial rocky habitats; (2) differences in predatory fish density, and size may be unrelated with the density of the sea urchin P. lividus; (3) protected artificial structures such as breakwaters, originally planned for other purposes, could represent a potential tool for fish population recovery and enhancement of local fisheries. 相似文献
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在分析河南黄淮平原土壤和小麦籽实中Cu含量分布特征的基础上,利用单项污染指数法对研究区小麦籽实中Cu的污染状况进行评价。其结果为:研究区小麦籽实中Cu的单项污染指数Pi的平均值为0.473,说明研究区小麦籽实未受Cu的污染。Cu的状况良好。进一步讨论了土壤中Cu的含量与小麦籽实中Cu含量间的关系。认为小麦籽实中Cu的积累与土壤中的总Cu无明显的相关关系,而与土壤中的有效态Cu含量具有明显的相关性。据此,将土壤有效态Cu作为土壤Cu生态安全评价的指标。并建立了小麦籽实Cu与土壤有效Cu的响应关系模型,确定了土壤中有效Cu的安全界限值。 相似文献
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Avanesov G Zhukov B Ziman YA Kostenko V Kuzmin A Murav'ev V Fedotov V Bonev B Mishev D Petkov D Krumov A Simeonov S Boycheva V Uzunov YU Weide GG Halmann D Pössel W Head J Murchie S Schkuratov YuG Berghänel R Danz M Mangoldt T Pihan U Smith B 《Planetary and Space Science》1991,39(1-2):281-295
From February to March 1989 the Phobos 2 spacecraft took 37 TV images of Phobos at a distance of 190-1100 km. These images complement Mariner-9 and Viking data by providing higher-resolution coverage of a large region West of the crater Stickney (40-160 degrees W) and by providing disk-resolved measurements of surface brightness at a greater range of wavelengths and additional phase angles. These images have supported updated mapping and characterization of large craters and grooves, and have provided additional observations of craters' and grooves' bright rims. Variations in surface visible/near-infrared color ratio of almost a factor of 2 have been recognized; these variations appear to be associated with the ejecta of specific large impact craters. Updated determinations of satellite mass and volume allow calculation of a more accurate value of bulk density, 1.90 +/- 0.1 g cm-3. This is significantly lower than the density of meteoritic analogs to Phobos' surface, suggesting a porous interior perhaps containing interstitial ice. 相似文献
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Curson P 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1981,3(1-2):77-95
"This paper comments upon the role of remittances in a variety of emigrant situations, traces the way remittance patterns change over time and evaluates the importance of remittance payments for personal and national economies. It considers the concept of 'remittance-societies" in the South Pacific and elsewhere, and briefly examines the various mechanisms involved in the emigration-remittance cycle, including the expectation of interactions and interdependence that exists between migrants and their home-based kin, and the sacrifices and hardships often endured by many migrants to meet obligations back home." 相似文献
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