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981.
Some historical earthquakes are distinct owing to the geographical distance of the places affected. It is less clear, however, when more than one earthquake is amalgamated into a single event and their combined effects are attributed to a major event. In order to avoid gross overestimation of the size of historical earthquakes the separation and identification of the constituent earthquakes is an important consideration. As an example we show how the tendency of early and modern writers to amalgamate or duplicate earthquakes in Syria and Palestine can lead to the creation of major earthquakes, with serious consequences for the assessment of the seismic hazard in the region. 相似文献
982.
M. Burša S. Kenyon J. Kouba Z. Šíma V. Vatrt V. Vítek M. Vojtíšková 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(1):13-22
Estimates of the second tesseral torque due to the variations in the radial space position of the mean ocean surface as monitored by TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter system are derived. The magnitude of the studied torque may be compared to the tidal torque and to the tesseral torque caused by deformations due to the Earths rotation. However, such torque estimates strongly depend on the thickness of the ocean surface layer adopted in the spherical model of which the dynamics is believed to be responsible for the derived torque. The dependence on the thickness is discussed. 相似文献
983.
N.?N.?AmbraseysEmail author J.?Douglas S.?K.?Sarma P.?M.?Smit 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2005,3(1):1-53
This article presents equations for the estimation of horizontal strong ground motions caused by shallow crustal earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 5 and distance to the surface projection of the fault less than 100km. These equations were derived by weighted regression analysis, used to remove observed magnitude-dependent variance, on a set of 595 strong-motion records recorded in Europe and the Middle East. Coefficients are included to model the effect of local site effects and faulting mechanism on the observed ground motions. The equations include coefficients to model the observed magnitude-dependent decay rate. The main findings of this study are that: short-period ground motions from small and moderate magnitude earthquakes decay faster than the commonly assumed 1/r, the average effect of differing faulting mechanisms is not large and corresponds to factors between 0.8 (normal and odd) and 1.3 (thrust) with respect to strike-slip motions and that the average long-period amplification caused by soft soil deposits is about 2.6 over those on rock sites. Disappointingly the standard deviations associated with the derived equations are not significantly lower than those found in previous studies. 相似文献
984.
Antonio?VecchioEmail author Leonardo?Primavera Vincenzo?Carbone Luca?Sorriso-Valvo 《Solar physics》2005,229(2):359-372
We use the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to investigate the spatiotemporal features of the solar activity. Daily observation
in the period 1949–1996 of the green coronal emission line at 530.3 nm are used as indicators of the activity behavior. We
show that few POD modes suffice in describing both the space and time main periodicities. In particular, being affected by
a strongly energetic stochastic behavior, daily data are described by five POD modes, while two POD modes are enough to describe
the butterfly diagram in monthly averaged data. Apart from the basic period T0 = 11 years, using daily data we found evidences for intercycle temporal periodicities. 相似文献
985.
The exact solution is sought for the cosmological equations of Brans and Dicke's scalar-tensor theory when a power law exists between the gravitational constant and the radius of curvature of the universe. For the space of negative curvature no solution is possible. On the contrary for a closed space the gravitational constant and the radius of curvature increase linearly with respect to the age of the universe. The parameter of the scalar-tensor theory is necessarily negative and can be determined by the present values of the mass-density of the universe, the Hubble-constant and the gravitational constant. The solution has no analogy in Einstein's theory with vanishing cosmological constant, even when the deviations from Einstein's values of the solar relativistic effects are small. 相似文献
986.
We present new laboratory data on the multiplets 2s
2
1
S -2s2p
3
P, 2s
22p
2
P - 2s2p
2
4
P, and 2s
22p
2
3
P - 2s2p
3
5
S in nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine, and discuss theZ-dependence of their wave-numbers. These multiplets are very faint in laboratory light sources, but can become prominent in
astrophysical sources of low density. Our results confirm the solar identifications of the nitrogen and oxygen multiplets
made by Burtonet al. Predicted positions of the corresponding multiplets in neon are given. 相似文献
987.
R.?Bracco H.?Inda L.?del Puerto C.?Casti?eira P.?Sprechmann F.?García-RodríguezEmail author 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,33(3):253-263
Paleolimnological data are presented on trophic development, climatic change and sea level variations in Negra Lagoon, a 142 km2 coastal lagoon in southern Uruguay. Using a sediment core that extended to the early Holocene, analyses of organic matter, carbonate, diatoms and opal phytoliths allowed us to track changes in trophic state and paleosalinity levels, which were closely related to Holocene sea level variation, temperature and humidity. Diatom Association Zones (DAZ) corresponding to transgressive events were dominated by marine/brackish taxa and relatively low organic matter values, while those DAZ corresponding to regressive events showed increases in brackish/freshwater diatoms and organic matter. Opal Phytoliths Association Zones (OPAZ) also were identified, temperature and humidity indices were calculated, and climatic trends were inferred. During the middle Holocene (i.e., ~5000–4000 yr BP), cool–dry climatic conditions were established. After ~4000 yr BP, a transition from cool to warm–humid conditions was observed, but fully warm humid conditions established only after ~1700 yr BP. Such climatic amelioration led to increases in trophic state. 相似文献
988.
The origin and evolution of the Earth-Moon system is studied by comparing it to the satellite systems of other planets. The normal structure of a system of secondary bodies orbiting around a central body depends essentially on the mass of the central body. The Earth with a mass intermediate between Uranus and Mars should have a normal satellite system that consists of about half a dozen satellites each with a mass of a fraction of a percent of the lunar mass. Hence, the Moon is not likely to have been generated in the environment of the Earth by a normal accretion process as is claimed by some authors.Capture of satellites is quite a common process as shown by the fact that there are six satellites in the solar system which, because they are retrograde, must have been captured. There is little doubt that the Moon is also a captured satellite, but its capture orbit and tidal evolution are still incompletely understood.The Earth and the Moon are likely to have been formed from planetesimals accreting in particle swarms in Kepler orbits (jet streams). This process leads to the formation of a cool lunar interior with an outer layer accreted at increasingly higher temperatures. The primeval Earth should similarly have formed with a cool inner core surrounded in this case by a very strongly heated outer core and with a mantle accreted slowly and with a low average temperature but with intense transient heating at each individual impact site. 相似文献
989.
From the assumption of symmetry of ratio of Fermion masses and masses of bosons ratio results the hypothetical mass of quark-lepton bosonm
wes and hypothetical mass of electron neutrinom
ve. 相似文献
990.
From the observed present parameters of the Universe and the model properties of an expansive non-decelerative universe it results that the value of Boltzmann's constant (coefficient)k does not change only before the end of radiation era, but also in the matter era; with the increase of gauge factora, it decreases as (a
–1)1/4. 相似文献