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991.
随着国民经济建设的高速发展与现代测绘技术的迅猛发展,石狮市现有的大地控制成果无论在其精度与现势性方面均无法满足城市建设的需要,为解决急需,充分发挥基础控制网在国民经济建设基础与先行作用,迫切需要加强石狮市基础测绘工作。本文根据现代测绘技术结合石狮市基础控制网发展要求,对石狮市基础控制网,包括控制基准、大地水准面精化等进行系统研讨,为项目实施提供参考。 相似文献
992.
Seismic design problem of a steel moment‐resisting frame is formulated as a multiobjective programming problem. The total structural (material) volume and the plastic dissipated energy at the collapse state against severe seismic motions are considered as performance measures. Geometrically nonlinear inelastic time‐history analysis is carried out against recorded ground motions that are incrementally scaled to reach the predefined collapse state. The frame members are chosen from the lists of the available standard sections. Simulated annealing (SA) and tabu search (TS), which are categorized as single‐point‐search heuristics, are applied to the multiobjective optimization problem. It is shown in the numerical examples that the frames that collapse with uniform interstorey drift ratios against various levels of ground motions can be obtained as a set of Pareto optimal solutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
The present study assesses the uncertainty of flow and radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain using a Monte Carlo method. Matrix permeability, porosity, and sorption coefficient are considered random. Different from previous studies that assume distributions of the parameters, the distributions are determined in this study by applying comprehensive transformations and rigorous statistics to on-site measurements of the parameters. The distribution of permeability is further adjusted based on model calibration results. Correlation between matrix permeability and porosity is incorporated using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. After conducting 200 Monte Carlo simulations of three-dimensional unsaturated flow and radionuclide transport for conservative and reactive tracers, the mean, variances, and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles for quantities of interest (e.g., matrix liquid saturation and water potential) are evaluated. The mean and 50th percentile are used as the mean predictions, and their associated predictive uncertainties are measured by the variances and the 5th and 95th percentiles (also known as uncertainty bounds). The mean predictions of matrix liquid saturation and water potential are in reasonable agreement with corresponding measurements. The uncertainty bounds include a large portion of the measurements, suggesting that the data variability can be partially explained by parameter uncertainty. The study illustrates propagation of predictive uncertainty of percolation flux, increasing downward from repository horizon to water table. Statistics from the breakthrough curves indicate that transport of the reactive tracer is delayed significantly by the sorption process, and prediction on the reactive tracer is of greater uncertainty than on the conservative tracer because randomness in the sorption coefficient increases the prediction uncertainty. Uncertainty in radionuclide transport is related to uncertainty in the percolation flux, suggesting that reducing the former entails reduction in the latter. 相似文献
994.
A Matrix Approach Coupled with Monte Carlo Techniques for Solving the Net Radiative Balance of the Urban Block 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Marta J. N. Oliveira Panão Helder J. P. Gonçalves Paulo M. C. Ferrão 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,122(1):217-241
A new method is developed for solving the shortwave and longwave net radiative balance of a three-dimensional urban structure,
represented by parallelepiped blocks uniformly distributed in each direction. The method is based on a novel approach to determine
the shape factors among surfaces, which are estimated by Monte Carlo techniques due to the complex geometry associated with
the three-dimensional urban structure. Then, a set of linear equations is solved to quantify the radiative balance, in order
to obtain their exact solution, considering all the inter-reflections among surfaces. The comparison between the new and the
ray-tracing tracking methods resulted in a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.996. However, by integrating the linear equations’
exact solution with Monte Carlo techniques, the new method reduces by a factor of 36 the central processing unit (CPU) time
used to perform the calculations of the ray-tracing tracking method. The use of the model for a sensitivity study allows us
to verify the effective absorptance and emittance increases with the canyon aspect ratio of the urban layout. An urban structure
formed by square cross-sectional blocks absorbs more solar radiation than an urban structure formed by rectangular cross-sectional
blocks. The approximation of a specific geometry for an equivalent bi-dimensional infinite street can be applied for rectangular
cross-sectional blocks, where the width is 11 times or more greater than the depth dimension. 相似文献
995.
2007年7月16日日本新溻地震对柏崎刈羽核电站的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2007年7月16日日本新溻县柏崎市附近海域发生Mw6.6地震(日本气象局震级MJMA6.8)。该地震引发世界最大核电厂——柏崎刈羽核电站多起核安全事件,是世界范围内有记载的对核电站影响最为严重的一次地震。本文根据收集到的资料,详细介绍了该地震对柏崎刈羽核电站造成的影响,文章最后概述了日本、国际原子能机构对该地震的反思以及我们应该从中吸取的经验教训。 相似文献
996.
Zhang Xian-kang Yang Zhuo-xin Xu Zhao-fan Pan Ji-shun Liu Zhi Wang Fu-yun Jia Shi-xu Zhao Jin-ren Zhang Cheng-ke Sun Guo-wei 《地震学报(英文版)》2007,20(6):628-640
Barkam-Luqu-Gulang deep seismic sounding profile runs from north of Sichuan Province to south of Gansu Province. It is located
at the northeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau and crosses eastern A’nyemaqên suture zone. The upper crust structures around
eastern A’nyemaqên suture zone and its adjacent area are reconstructed based on the arrival times of refracted Pg and Sg waves
by using finite difference method, ray tracing inversion, time-term method and travel-time curve analysis. The results show
that the depth variation of basement along profile is very strong as indicated by Pg and Sg waves. The basement rose in Zoigê
basin and depressed in eastern A’nyemaqên suture zone, and it gradually rose again northward and then depressed. The results
also indicate that eastern A’nyemaqên suture zone behaves as inhomogeneous low velocity structures in the upper crust and
is inclined toward the south. Hoh Sai Hu-Maqên fault, Wudu-Diebu fault and Zhouqu-Liangdang fault are characterized by low
velocity distributions with various scales. The distinct variation in basement depth occurred near Hoh Sai Hu-Maqên fault and Zhouqu-Liangdang fault, which are main tectonic boundaries of A’nyemaqên suture
zone. Wudu-Diebu fault, located at the depth variation zone of the basement, possibly has the same deep tectonic background
with Zhouqu-Liangdang fault. The strongly depressed basement characterized by low velocity distribution and lateral inhomogeneity
in A’nyemaqên suture zone implies crushed zone features under pinching action.
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40334040). 相似文献
997.
Correction maps of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events distributed in Xinjiang, China and its adjacent areas were established using a Bayesian Kriging method for the two seismic stations WMQ and MAK. The relationship between correction maps and variations of along-path features was analyzed and the validity of applying the cor- rection maps to improve performances of P/S discriminants for seismic discrimination was investigated. Results show that obtained correction maps can generally reflect event-station path effects upon corresponding P/S dis- criminants; and the correction of these effects could further reduce scatters of distance-corrected P/S measurements within earthquake and explosion populations as well as improve their discriminating performances if path effects are a significant factor of such scatters. For example, as corresponding Kriging correction map was applied, the misidentification rate of earthquakes by Pn(2~4 Hz)/Lg(2~4 Hz) at MAK was reduced from 16.3% to 5.2%. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
绿洲生态系统的发展和气候的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在植被和裸地共存的情况下,考虑了植物的某些生态条件,利用热量平衡方程,对于不同气候和生态条件计算了绿洲总的蒸散率以及植被和土壤的温度。研究表明,在某些条件下,蒸散率的解可出现准分岔和多平衡态的形式,它们主要发生在植被覆盖小的地区。 相似文献