Intracontinental tectonic melange in Southern Apennines     

Stefano Catalano  Giuseppe Grasso  Paolo Mazzoleni  Carmelo Monaco  Luigi Tortorici 《地学学报》2007,19(4):287-293

On the axial zone of the Southern Apennines the major tectonic boundary between the inner platform (Western platform unit) and the pelagic (Lagonegro units) domains is represented by a thick level of highly deformed rock‐assemblage. Structural analysis reveals that this tectonic unit represents an intracontinental melange complex characterized by a block‐in‐matrix fabric that contains blocks from both hangingwall platform and footwall basin units. This unit comprises different sets of structures that, caused by shearing processes, developed at depths ranging from about 8–9 km to the surface. These tectonites represent the product of a crustal shear zone developed at the major boundary between platform‐basin domains of Adria during the thick‐skinned tectonic processes controlling the Southern Apennines mountain building.  相似文献   

A high‐altitude temporary spring in a compartmentalized carbonate aquifer: the role of low‐permeability faults and karst conduits     

Emma Petrella  Paolo Capuano  Massimiliano Carcione  Fulvio Celico 《水文研究》2009,23(23):3354-3364

The aim of this research was to refine the actual conceptual model related to the activation of high‐altitude temporary springs within the carbonate Apennines in southern Italy. The research was carried out through geophysical, hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic investigations at the Acqua dei Faggi experimental site during five hydrologic years. The research demonstrated that, in carbonate aquifers where low‐permeability faults cause the aquifer system to be compartmentalized, high‐altitude temporary springs may be recharged by groundwater. In such settings, neither surface water infiltration in karst systems nor perched temporary aquifers play a role of utmost importance. The rare (once or a few time a year) activation of such springs is due to the fact that groundwater unusually reach the threshold head that allows the spring to flow. The activation of the studied high‐altitude temporary spring also depended on relationships between a low‐permeability fault core and a karst system that locally interrupts the low‐permeability barrier. In fact, when the hydraulic head did not reach the karst system, the concentrated head loss within the fault core did not allow the spring to flow, because the groundwater entirely flowed through the fault towards the downgradient compartment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

High‐resolution topography and anthropogenic feature extraction: testing geomorphometric parameters in floodplains          下载免费PDF全文

Giulia Sofia  Giancarlo Dalla Fontana  Paolo Tarolli 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2046-2061

In floodplains, anthropogenic features such as levees or road scarps, control and influence flows. An up‐to‐date and accurate digital data about these features are deeply needed for irrigation and flood mitigation purposes. Nowadays, LiDAR Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) covering large areas are available for public authorities, and there is a widespread interest in the application of such models for the automatic or semiautomatic recognition of features. The automatic recognition of levees and road scarps from these models can offer a quick and accurate method to improve topographic databases for large‐scale applications. In mountainous contexts, geomorphometric indicators derived from DTMs have been proven to be reliable for feasible applications, and the use of statistical operators as thresholds showed a high reliability to identify features. The goal of this research is to test if similar approaches can be feasible also in floodplains. Three different parameters are tested at different scales on LiDAR DTM. The boxplot is applied to identify an objective threshold for feature extraction, and a filtering procedure is proposed to improve the quality of the extractions. This analysis, in line with other works for different environments, underlined (1) how statistical parameters can offer an objective threshold to identify features with varying shapes, size and height; (2) that the effectiveness of topographic parameters to identify anthropogenic features is related to the dimension of the investigated areas. The analysis also showed that the shape of the investigated area has not much influence on the quality of the results. While the effectiveness of residual topography had already been proven, the proposed study underlined how the use of entropy can anyway provide good extractions, with an overall quality comparable to the one offered by residual topography, and with the only limitation that the extracted features are slightly wider than the investigated one. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Land use changes,torrent control works and sediment mining: effects on channel morphology and sediment flux,case study of the Reno River (Northern Italy)     

Emanuele Preciso  Enzo Salemi  Paolo Billi 《水文研究》2012,26(8):1134-1148

As with most Italian rivers, the Reno River has a long history of human modification, related also to morphological changes of the lower Po River since Roman times, but in the last decades, significant land use changes in the headwaters, dam construction, torrent control works and extensive bed material mining have caused important channel morphology and sediment budget changes. In this paper, two main types of channel adjustment, riverbed incision and channel narrowing, are analysed. Riverbed degradation is discussed by comparing four different longitudinal profiles surveyed in 1928, 1951, 1970 and 1998 in the 120 km long reach upstream of the outlet. The analysis of channel narrowing is carried out by comparing a number of cross‐sections surveyed in different years across the same downstream reach. Field sediment transport measurements of seven major floods that occurred between 2003 and 2006 are compared with the bedload transport rates predicted by the most renowned equations. The current low bedload yield is discussed in terms of sediment supply limited conditions due to land use changes, erosion‐control works and extensive and out of control bed material mining that have affected the Reno during the last decades. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modelling cloud processing of aerosol during the ACE‐2 HILLCLOUD experiment     

Michael L. Flynn  Keith N. Bower  Thomas W. Choularton  Wolfram Wobrock  Jyrki M. Mäkelä  Bengt Martinsson  Göran Frank  Hans&#;Christen Hansson  Hans Karlsson  Paolo Laj 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):779-800

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Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to 10Be cosmogenic dating     

Paolo Roberto Federici  Darryl E. Granger  Adriano Ribolini  Matteo Spagnolo  Marta Pappalardo  Andrew J. Cyr 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(2):277-291

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Caisson breakwaters embodying an OWC with a small opening—Part I: Theory     

Paolo Boccotti   《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(5-6):806-819

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B-Pol: detecting primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation     

Paolo de Bernardis  Martin Bucher  Carlo Burigana  Lucio Piccirillo 《Experimental Astronomy》2009,23(1):5-16

B-Pol is a medium-class space mission aimed at detecting the primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation through high accuracy measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization. We discuss the scientific background, feasibility of the experiment, and implementation developed in response to the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Call for Proposals. See for the full list of collaboration members and a full copy of the B-Pol proposal.  相似文献   

Editorial: Special Issue on Risk Aware     

Manfred Dorninger  Pier Paolo Alberoni 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2008,101(3-4):109-110

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Convective Snowfalls Linked to the Interaction of a Boundary-Layer Front with a Mesoscale Cyclone Near Terra Nova Bay,Antarctica     

Roberto Bove  Grigioni Paolo 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(3):465-478

During the XXII Italian expedition in Antarctica, in the summer of 2007, severe weather conditions associated with deep convective instability and heavy coastal precipitation occurred around the Terra Nova Bay area in the presence of an upper level trough and energetic katabatic winds flowing from the Ross Ice Shelf over the open sea. In this case study we document an example of boundary-layer frontal movement across the Ross Sea and mesocyclone development in conjunction with the frontal movement. A westward fast moving boundary-layer front, generated by the leftward turning katabatic airstream to the east of Ross Island, was observed propagating as a baroclinic wave disturbance in an easterly direction across the Ross Sea, merging later with a mesocyclone approaching Terra Nova Bay from offshore. The observed inertial trajectory and an estimation of the radius of curvature suggest that the vigorous katabatic airstream was sustained by the strengthening of a surface mesocyclonic circulation settled over the north-eastern Ross Ice Shelf, triggered by a sub-synoptic upper level trough passing over the area. We hypothesise that baroclinic instability in the low levels plays an important role in the development of a mesoscale vortex and for triggering convective precipitation.  相似文献