Exploring the relationships between urbanization trends and climate change vulnerability     

Matthias Garschagen  Patricia Romero-Lankao 《Climatic change》2015,133(1):37-52

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Chronostratigraphic and Paleoenvironmental Evidence for Marsh Habitats during the Early Pueblo I (A.D. 700–900) Occupation of Ridges Basin,Southwest Colorado,USA     

Kirk C. Anderson  James M. Potter 《Geoarchaeology》2015,30(2):100-119

Ridges Basin was home to one of the largest early village communities in the American Southwest. The short‐lived occupation grew rapidly around A.D. 750, construction peaked in the A.D. 780s, but Ridges Basin was depopulated by A.D. 810. Chronostratigraphic, paleoenvironmental, and archaeological investigations indicate that abundant food resources related to intermittent marsh habitats attracted migrants into the basin and aided the growing population. Extreme droughts between A.D. 795 and 809 led to decreased crop yields and marsh desiccation. We attribute the abrupt depopulation of Ridges Basin to declining environmental conditions and societal stresses. We describe the impact of marsh formation on the inhabitants, and explore the wider implications of marshes and reservoirs on the Puebloan landscape. We suggest that early Puebloans positioned their settlements in proximity to natural marshes to take advantage of the abundant plant and animal resources, which later Puebloans achieved through the construction of reservoirs.  相似文献   

Radiocarbon dates of evolution cycles of thermokarst lakes on the Kolyma Lowland     

N. A. Shilo  A. V. Lozhkin  P. M. Anderson 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2007,413(2):259-261

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Shipboard measurements of concentrations and properties of carbonaceous aerosols during ACE‐2     

T. Novakov  Timothy S. Bates  Patricia K. Quinn 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):228-238

Mass concentrations of total, organic and black carbon were derived by analyzing the supermicron and submicron aerosol fractions of shipboard collected samples in the easternAtlantic Ocean as part of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE‐2). These analyses were complemented by experiments intended to estimate the water‐soluble fraction of the submicron carbonaceous material. Our results can be summarized as follows. Depending on the sample, between 35% and 80% of total aerosol carbon is associated with the submicron fraction. Total submicron carbon was well correlated with black carbon, a unique tracer for incomplete combustion. These correlations and the approximately constant total to black carbon ratios, suggest that the majority of submicron total carbon is of primary combustion derived origin. No systematic relationship between total submicron aerosol carbon and sulfate concentrations was found. Sulfate concentrations were, with a few exceptions, significantly higher than total carbon. Our experiments have demonstrated that water exposure removed between 36% and 72% of total carbon from the front filter, suggesting that a substantial fraction of the total submicron aerosol organic carbon is water‐soluble. An unexpected result of this study is that water exposure of filter samples caused substantial removal of, nominally insoluble, submicron black carbon. Possible reasons for this observation are discussed.  相似文献   

Spatial analysis of the reliability of transport networks subject to rainfall‐induced landslides     

L. J. Manning  J. W. Hall  C. G. Kilsby  S. Glendinning  M. G. Anderson 《水文研究》2008,22(17):3349-3360

A methodology is developed to examine the susceptibility of a transport system to rainfall‐induced landslides and is demonstrated for part of the UK rail network with regard to the potential changes that might occur with climate change. A mathematical model is given for the system failure and a statistical model is formulated for the joint distribution of rainfall at different points along the railway line. These are used to investigate the response of earth embankments along the railway line to current and future climate scenarios, including the effects of rainfall and evapotranspiration on slope hydrology and stability. It is shown that, for the system of clay embankments in question, the moisture profile through the embankment at the end of the summer months has a critical effect on system stability, both in terms of expected failure timing and probability of failure. Further, it is seen that, with changing climate, the system stability is likely to increase unless the degradation of embankment material properties, another potential effect of changed climate, is taken into account. The spatial distribution of failures is also likely to change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geomorphology and climate | E. Derbyshire (Editor), 1976. Wiley,Chichester, 512 pp., £14.50, $29.00     

M.G. Anderson 《Earth》1977,13(2):214-215

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Flow of Canadian basin deep water in the Western Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean     

Göran Björk  Leif G. Anderson  Martin Jakobsson  Dennis Antony  Björn Eriksson  Patrick B. Eriksson  Benjamin Hell  Sofia Hjalmarsson  Timothy Janzen  Sara Jutterström  Johanna Linders  Ludvig Löwemark  Christian Marcussen  K. Anders Olsson  Bert Rudels  Emma Sellén  Morten Sølvsten 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(4):577-586

The LOMROG 2007 expedition targeted the previously unexplored southern part of the Lomonosov Ridge north of Greenland together with a section from the Morris Jesup Rise to Gakkel Ridge. The oceanographic data show that Canadian Basin Deep Water (CBDW) passes the Lomonosov Ridge in the area of the Intra Basin close to the North Pole and then continues along the ridge towards Greenland and further along its northernmost continental slope. The CBDW is clearly evident as a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at a depth of about 2000 m. The cross-slope sections at the Amundsen Basin side of the Lomonosov Ridge and further south at the Morris Jesup Rise show a sharp frontal structure higher up in the water column between Makarov Basin water and Amundsen Basin water. The frontal structure continues upward into the Atlantic Water up to a depth of about 300 m. The observed water mass division at levels well above the ridge crest indicates a strong topographic steering of the flow and that different water masses tend to pass the ridge guided by ridge-crossing isobaths at local topographic heights and depressions. A rough scaling analysis shows that the extremely steep and sharply turning bathymetry of the Morris Jesup Rise may force the boundary current to separate and generate deep eddies.  相似文献   

Factors regulating survival of northern cod (NAFO 2J3KL) during their first 3 years of life   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Anderson  John T.; Gregory  Robert S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(2):349-359

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Impact of environmental forcing on the acoustic backscattering strength in the equatorial Pacific: Diurnal,lunar, intraseasonal,and interannual variability     

Marie-Hélène Radenac  Patricia E. Plimpton  Anne Lebourges-Dhaussy  Ludivine Commien  Michael J. McPhaden 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(10):1314-1328

We analyzed several records of mean volume backscattering strength (S_v) derived from 150 kHz acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs) moored along the equator in upwelling mesotrophic conditions and in the warm pool oligotrophic ecosystem of the Pacific Ocean. The ADCPs allow for gathering long time-series of non-intrusive information about zooplankton and micronekton at the same spatial and temporal scales as physical observations. High S_v are found from the surface to the middle of the thermocline between dusk and dawn in the mesotrophic regime. Biological and physical influences modified this classical diel cycle. In oligotrophic conditions observed at 170°W and 140°W during El Niño years, a subsurface S_v maximum characterized nighttime S_v profiles. Variations of the thermocline depth correlated with variations of the base of the high S_v layer and the subsurface maximum closely tracked the thermocline depth from intraseasonal to interannual time-scales. A recurring deepening (20–60 m) of the high S_v layer was observed at a frequency close to the lunar cycle frequency. At 165°E, high day-to-day variations prevailed and our results suggest the influence of moderately mesotrophic waters that would be advected from the western warm pool during westerly wind events. A review of the literature suggests that S_v variations may result from changes in biomass and species assemblages among which myctophids and euphausiids would be the most likely scatterers.  相似文献   

Analysis of Near Infrared Observations of the Symbiotic Mira RR Tel     

Dubravka Kotnik-Karuza  Michael Friedjung  Patricia Whitelock 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,304(1-4):311-313

JHKL photometry of the symbiotic Mira RR Tel over 25 years shows variable fading in all bands, which can be explained by variable obscuration due to dust. The evolutionary track of the star is presented in a two-colour diagram together with the corresponding mean values for normal Miras with thick and thin dust shells and pulsation periods between 350 and 600 days. The observed colours for RR Tel are significantly shifted from the range shown by normal unreddened Miras. The distance of RR Tel is estimated from its K magnitude and the Mira period luminosity relation after correcting for reddening. The dust envelope is discussed with respect to a simple model involving two blackbodies. There appears to be rather little dust emission even at 3 μm, but considerable extinction.  相似文献