Multi-criteria, multi-objective and uncertainty analysis for agro-energy spatial modelling     

Patrizia Tenerelli  Steve Carver 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):724-736

The worldwide increase in the use of biomass as a Renewable Energy Source raises the issue of introducing crops dedicated to energy production into rural landscapes. The purpose of this paper is to set-up a GIS based multi-criteria approach to assess a range of possibilities for perennial energy crops conversion. The presented method was implemented at the regional level in the Yorkshire and the Humber Region in Northern UK. The first phase of the study aims to set-up a land capability model for the specific purpose of assessing the potential of different typologies of perennial energy crops, on the basis of specific pedo-climatic and topographic factors. The model output illustrates a range of potentials for energy crop conversion that can be explored in the given landscape. In the second phase a uncertainty analysis of the land capability model was performed through a simulation approach in order to interpret the influence of assumptions and uncertainty on input data and model parameters. The last phase of the study allows allocating the energy crop conversion area according to specific environmental constraints, nature protection targets, food production priorities and land capability values. The land allocation output gives a rather restrictive energy crop penetration scenario, where more than half of the conversion area is allocated to cropping systems with low land degradation potential. This scenario represents a preliminary regional analysis of the energy crop potential in terms of theoretically available conversion areas. The final results also show that the areas with highest environmental risks correspond to the areas with both the lowest suitability for energy crop cultivation and the highest model uncertainty.  相似文献   

Dynamics of magma mixing and degassing recorded in plagioclase at Stromboli (Aeolian Archipelago,Italy)     

Patrizia?LandiEmail author  Nicole?Métrich  Antonella?Bertagnini  Mauro?Rosi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,147(5):629-631

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Lithological control on thrust-related deformation in the Sassa-Guardistallo Basin (Northern Apennines hinterland, Italy)     

Andrea Cerrina Feroni  Marco Bonini†  Patrizia Martinelli  Giovanna Moratti†  Federico Sani‡  Domenico Montanari†‡  Chiara Del Ventisette†‡ 《Basin Research》2006,18(3):301-321

The Sassa‐Guardistallo Basin (SGB) is located close to the Tyrrhenian Sea and represents one of the most internal Neogene–Quaternary hinterland basins of the Northern Apennines fold‐and‐thrust belt. Its sedimentary succession consists of ca. 400‐m‐thick Late Tortonian–Messinian continental – largely conglomeratic – units overstepping a mainly shaly substratum (Palombini Shales) and overlain by Late Messinian evaporites and marine to continental Pliocene–Pleistocene sediments. This stratigraphic succession can be approximated to a composite rheological multilayer that dictated the style of basin deformation. Detailed geological mapping and structural analysis revealed that basin deposits were affected by compressional deformations that can be found both at map and outcrop scales. Decametric splay thrusts emanating from the substratum–conglomerate interface locally double the continental succession and are bounded by a roof thrust along the Late Messinian evaporite décollement, defining a deformation pattern consistent with a duplex‐like structure. The time–space structural evolution of the basin inferred from the fieldwork was addressed and tested by analogue modelling that approximated the rheological stratification of the study area to a layered brittle–ductile system. The model results support the hypothesis that the evolution of the thrust system affecting the SGB started as an early floor imbricate fan thrust system that successively evolved to a duplex structure as the link thrusts propagated into the upper décollement layer that resulted from the deposition of the Late Messinian evaporites. Models display many structural features that may be compared with the natural prototype, and highlight the importance of syntectonic sedimentation in the development and evolution of tectonic structures. The results of this study retain relevant implications for the Neogene evolution of the Tyrrhenian Basin–Northern Apennines system. This study also supports that combining between field structural analyses and analogue modelling can give useful hints into the evolutionary history of tectonically complex areas.  相似文献   

G-MODE CLASSIFICATION OF SPECTROSCOPIC DATA     

F. Tosi  A. Coradini  A. I. Gavrishin  A. Adriani  F. Capaccioni  P. Cerroni  G. Filacchione  R. H. Brown 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2005,96(3-4):165-197

We present the results of the application of the G-mode method to the spectral classification of the icy satellites of the giant planets. G-mode is a multivariate statistical technique for the classification of samples depending on many variables. Here this method is tested on the infrared spectra acquired by the Cassini/VIMS instrument onboard the Cassini spacecraft. This work demonstrates the suitability of automatic spectral classification methods for the study of fair resolution spectra, such as those from VIMS. Our data set is composed by two different kinds of data: observations of point targets (Galilean satellites data) and observations with medium spatial resolution (Phoebe data). In both situations, the G-mode classification performed well. In the first case, of a large number of subpixel observations of the Galilean satellites, through the G-mode it was possible to find statistically meaningful spectral groups of observations. In the case of Phoebe, of some spatially resolved observations, the G-mode classification of␣the infrared spectra of the surface led to several types, dominated by the different illumination geometry of the pixels, because, due to the irregular shape of the satellite, a proper illumination correction was not trivial to apply. Nevertheless, the decrease of the confidence level of the test as well as the re-application of the G-mode on the main type found, led to further types, whose statistical distance can be related to different chemical abundances. We plan to use the G-mode also on the data coming from ongoing and future observations of the icy Saturnian satellites.In the helioseismology literature, G-modes are gravity wave modes of the frequencies of oscillations of the Sun. Here we are dealing with a clustering method, which is essentially different.*E-mail: federico.tosi@rm.iasf.cnr.it  相似文献   

Two Methods for the Laboratory Identification of Transversal Dispersivity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefano Pisani  Nicola Tosi 《Ground water》1994,32(3):431-438

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Aerial observations of stratospheric descent in a Gulf of Genoa cyclone     

E. Tosi  R. B. Smith  M. L. Bradford 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1987,36(1-4):141-160

Summary The structure of a cyclone in the Gulf of Genoa on April 24, 25, 1982 is examined using an enhanced rawinsonde network, data from four ALPEX research flights, and satellite ozone and water vapor observations. This particular cyclone had, as a precursor, a mesoscale upper level vortex which approached the Alps from the north at a rate of about 400 km/6 hours. This small cyclone had a roughly axisymmetric tropopause fold. Cold air below the cyclone prevented it from having a surface pressure signature. Upon encountering the Alps, the cold air appeared to be deflected, allowing the cyclone reaching the Gulf of Genoa to extend to the surface. Aircraft data at thep447 mb level reveal a small volume of stratospheric air slightly ahead of the vortex center. This air is marked by high ozone concentration, low water vapor mixing ratio, and high relative vorticity. The boundaries of this region are very well defined with a horizontal scale of about 20 km, but with some evidence of advection and mixing processes. Satellite derived maps of vertically integrated ozone (TOMS) agree with the aircraft data regarding the position of the ozone maximum. Satellite images in the water vapor band /6.7 m) also agree with the aircraft data, and provide some information on the time evolution of the stratospheric intrusion.

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Luftbeobachtungen einer stratosphärischen Senkung in einer Genuazyklone

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Struktur einer Zyklone im Golf von Genua vom 24. und 25. April 1982, unter Verwendung eines verdichteten Radiosondennetzes, Daten von vier ALPEX-Forschungsflügen und Satellitenbeobachtungen von Ozon und Wasserdampf untersucht. Diese spezielle Zyklone hatte als Vorboten einen mesoskaligen Wirbel in der Höhe, der die Alpen vom Norden mit einer Geschwindigkeit von ca. 400 km/6 Std. erreichte. Diese kleine Zyklone wies eine ungefähr achsensymmetrische Senkung der Tropopause auf. Kalte Luft unterhalb der Zyklone verhinderte Anzeichen im Bodendruck. Beim Auftreffen auf die Alpen wurde die kalte Luft anscheinend abgelenkt, so daß sich die Zyklone beim Erreichen des Golfs von Genua bis zum Boden ausdehnen konnte. Flugzeugdaten aus dem Niveau mitp447 mb lassen eine kleine Menge stratosphärischer Luft etwas oberhalb des Wirbelzentrums erkennen. Diese Luft ist gekennzeichnet durch hohe Ozonkonzentration, niedriges Mischungsverhältnis und hoher relativer Vorticity. Die Grenzen dieser Region sind mit einem horizontalen Umfang von etwa 20 km sehr gut definiert, aber es gibt einige Anzeichen von Advektion und Mischungsprozessen. Mit Hilfe des Satelliten konstruierte Karten von vertikal integriertem Ozon (TOMS) stimmen mit den Flugzeugdaten über die Position des Ozonmaximums überein. Ebenso stimmen Satellitenbilder im Wasserdampfband (6.7 m) mit den Flugzeugdaten überein und liefern Informationen über den zeitlichen Ablauf der stratosphärischen Eindringung.

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With 19 Figures  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Brian J. Mitchell  Zbigniew Fajklewicz  Emile A. Okal  Leszek Czechowski  Richard Barakat  Brian Farrell  Roberto Legnani  Ennio Tosi  Stanisŀaw Michnowski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(6):976-994

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Old open clusters: the interesting case of Berkeley 21     

M. Tosi  L. Pulone  G. Marconi  & A. Bragaglia 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,299(3):834-844

We present CCD BVI photometry of the old open cluster Berkeley 21, one of the most distant clusters in the Galactic anticentre direction, and possibly the lowest metallicity object in the open clusters sample. Its position and metal abundance make it very important for the study of the Galactic disc. Using the synthetic colour–magnitude diagram method, we estimate values for the distance modulus ( m  − M )₀ = 13.4–13.6, reddening E ( B  −  V ) = 0.74–0.78 (with possible differential absorption), and age = 2.2–2.5 Gyr.  相似文献   

Correction to: CrystalMom: a new model for the evolution of crystal size distributions in magmas with the quadrature-based method of moments     

Simone?ColucciEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Mattia?de’?Michieli Vitturi  Patrizia?Landi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(4):32

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The contrasting geochemical message from the New Caledonia gabbronorites: insights on depletion and contamination processes of the sub-arc mantle in a nascent arc setting     

Arianna?Secchiari  Alessandra?MontaniniEmail author  Delphine?Bosch  Patrizia?Macera  Dominique?Cluzel 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(8):66

The New Caledonia ophiolite hosts one of the rare examples of crust-mantle sections built in a nascent arc environment, providing the unique opportunity to investigate the first stages of arc magmatism in a subduction setting. The sequence consists of refractory harzburgites, overlain by ultramafic (dunites and wehrlites) and mafic lithologies (gabbronorites). The gabbronorites occur in the upper part of the sequence as decimetre to metre-size sills. They are mainly formed (??55 to 70 vol%) of Ca-rich plagioclase (An up to 96 mol%) and high Mg# (88–92), Al₂O₃-poor (1.5–2.4 wt%) clinopyroxene (8–20 vol%), often rimmed by interstitial or poikilitic orthopyroxene (6–27 vol%). Mg-rich olivine (3–15 vol%, Fo?=?87–89 mol%) occurs as anhedral, resorbed crystals. Whole rock (WR) compositions exhibit high Mg# (86–92) and strikingly low trace element contents. They own LREE-depleted patterns, with nearly flat (0.82?≤?Dy_N/Yb_N?≤?1.00) and low HREE (Yb_N?=?0.2–0.9) and positive Eu anomalies. Clinopyroxene trace element chemistry mirrors the extreme depletion of the WR. By contrast, FME enrichments are observed for WR and clinopyroxene. Geochemical models show that the gabbronorites crystallized from primitive, ultra-depleted melts bearing evidence of fluid contamination processes, but with significantly different geochemical signatures compared to boninitic rocks worldwide, i.e. lower LREE-MREE, and absence of Nb depletion and Zr–Hf enrichments. Nd isotopes (+?8.2?≤?εNd_i?≤?+?13.1), together with radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios, support an origin from a DMM source variably modified by slab fluids. We propose that the geochemical signature of the New Caledonia gabbronorites reflect emplacement of primitive, non-aggregated, magma batches in the lower fore-arc crust, during the first phases of arc formation.  相似文献