Captured older stars as the reason for apparently prolonged star formation in young star clusters     

Jan Pflamm-Altenburg  Pavel Kroupa 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,375(3):855-860

The existence of older stars within a young star cluster can be interpreted to imply that star formation occurs on time-scales longer than a free-fall time of a pre-cluster cloud core. Here, the idea is explored that these older stars are not related to the star formation process forming the young star cluster but rather that the orbits of older field stars are focused by the collapsing pre-cluster cloud core. Two effects appear: the focusing of stellar orbits leads to an enhancement of the density of field stars in the vicinity of the centre of the young star cluster; and due to the time-dependent potential of the forming cluster some of these stars can get bound gravitationally to the cluster. These stars exhibit similar kinematical properties to the newly formed stars and cannot be distinguished from them on the basis of radial velocity or proper motion surveys. Such contaminations may lead to a wrong apparent star formation history of a young cluster. In the case of the ONC, the theoretical number of gravitationally bound older low-mass field stars agrees with the number of observed older low-mass stars.  相似文献   

新丝绸之路形成背景下哈萨克斯坦城市群发展研究（英文）     

Pavel V.RYKOV  李泽红 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2015,6(2):101-105

在伟大丝绸之路复兴的新历史阶段背景下,结合全球和区域市场一体化,文章分析了城市群这一最为重要增长极形成的关键因素和先决条件,在此基础上研究了区域空间组织问题。在欧亚地缘战略中哈萨克斯坦具有横贯中西的区位优势,文章综合评估了哈萨克斯坦城市群发展的可能方向、可能存在的负面影响及其影响范围。研究表明,哈萨克斯坦当前的城市化过程具有多维特征,城市群地区人口占总人口比重明显上升,城市的集聚形式预示着定居形式的成熟,并塑造着特有的社会经济空间,如区域核心、对外经济联系的节点、内部基础设施最重要的连接点等。城市群将扮演区域一体化的特殊平台,以城市群为基础,哈萨克斯坦将在新丝绸之路建设中恢复其重要历史地位,它将成为中亚地区贸易、交通、商业与金融、科技创新和旅游的枢纽,以及链接欧亚的桥梁。  相似文献   

Shelf-basin exchange in the Laptev Sea in the warming climate: a model study     

Vladimir Ivanov  Pavel Maslov  Yevgeny Aksenov  Andrew Coward 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2015,109(3):254-280

GCM-based forecast simulations predict continuously increasing seasonality of the sea ice cover and an almost ice-free, summer-time, Arctic Ocean within several decades from the present. In this study we use a primitive equation ocean model: NEMO, coupled with the sea ice model LIM2, to test the hypothesis that under such an increased range in seasonal ice cover the intensity of shelf-basin water exchange will significantly increase. We use the simulated results for the Laptev Sea from a global model run 1958–2007 and compare results for two years with anomalously high and low summer sea ice extents: 1986–1987 and 2006–2007. The shelf–basin fluxes of volume, heat and salt during specific seasons are evaluated and attributed to plausible driving processes, with particular attention to dense water cascading. Analyses of the model temperature distribution at the depth of the intermediate maximum, associated with Atlantic Water, have shown a marked increase of the amount of the local origin cold water in late winter 2007 in the region, where dense water typically appears as a result of its formation on the shelf and subsequent downslope leakage. Calculation of the shelf-basin exchange during March-May in both years confirmed a substantial increase (a factor of two) of fluxes in “ice-free” 2007 compared to the “icy” 1987. According to several past model studies, dense water production on Arctic shelves in winter driven by ice freezing and brine rejection is not likely to cease in a warmer climate, but rather to increase. There is also observational evidence that cascading in the seasonally ice covered seas (e.g. the Barents Sea) is much more efficient than it is in the permanently ice covered Arctic Ocean, which supports these model results.  相似文献   

Analysis of the Refined CRUST1.0 Crustal Model and its Gravity Field   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Robert Tenzer  Wenjin Chen  Dimitrios Tsoulis  Mohammad Bagherbandi  Lars E. Sjöberg  Pavel Novák  Shuanggen Jin 《Surveys in Geophysics》2015,36(1):139-165

  相似文献   

Iterative Spherical Downward Continuation Applied to Magnetic and Gravitational Data from Satellite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Josef Sebera  Michal Šprlák  Pavel Novák  Aleš Bezděk  Miloš Vaľko 《Surveys in Geophysics》2014,35(4):941-958

In the last few decades, satellites have acquired various potential data sets hundreds of kilometers above the Earth’s surface. Conventionally, these global magnetic and gravitational data sets are approximated by using spherical harmonics that allow straightforward work with both fields outside the Earth’s mass. In this article, we present an alternative approach for working with potential data in mass-free space given over a regular coordinate grid on a spherical surface. The algorithm is based on an iterative scheme and the Poisson integral equation for the sphere. With help from the Fourier transform, global potential (magnetic or gravitational) data can efficiently be continued from a mean orbital sphere down to a reference surface without using the spherical harmonics. This is illustrated both with simulated magnetic field data and with real data from the satellite gradiometry mission GOCE. In the case of simulated magnetic data and the downward continuation for 450 km, we have achieved a root mean square at the level of 0.05 nT, while it was <1 E (eotvos) for real GOCE data continued for 250 km. The crucial point is to apply the algorithm twice as a large part of noise can be removed from the input data.  相似文献   

On the spatial structure and dispersion of slow magnetosonic modes coupled with Alfvén modes in planetary magnetospheres due to field line curvature     

Dmitri Yu. Klimushkin  Pavel N. Mager 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(9):1273-1279

The structure of the slow mode coupled with Alfvén mode in the axially symmetric magnetosphere is studied in the paper. Due to the coupling, the slow magnetosonic wave gets dispersion across magnetic shells and becomes not strictly guided. The slow mode is found to be captured between the resonant and cutoff surfaces, where the wave vector radial component goes to infinity and to zero, accordingly. The resonant surface is farther from the Earth than the cutoff surface. The slow mode resonance frequency is much lower than the Alfvén resonance frequency due to small value of the sound velocity near the equator. The maximum of the slow mode amplitude expressed in terms of the parallel magnetic field is concentrated near the equator, but expressed in hydromagnetic terms is concentrated near the ionospheres.  相似文献   

The influence of gas expulsion and initial mass segregation on the stellar mass function of globular star clusters     

Michael Marks  Pavel Kroupa  Holger Baumgardt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,386(4):2047-2054

Recently, De Marchi, Paresce & Pulone studied a sample of 20 globular clusters and found that all clusters with high concentrations have steep stellar mass functions while clusters with low concentration have comparatively shallow mass functions. No globular clusters were found with a flat mass function and high concentration. This seems curious since more concentrated star clusters are believed to be dynamically more evolved and should have lost more low-mass stars via evaporation, which would result in a shallower mass function in the low-mass part.
We show that this effect can be explained by residual-gas expulsion from initially mass segregated star clusters, and is enhanced further through unresolved binaries. If gas expulsion is the correct mechanism to produce the observed trend in the   c –α  -plane, then observation of these parameters would allow to constrain cluster starting conditions such as star formation efficiency and the time-scale of gas expulsion.  相似文献   

Video Observations of the 2006 Leonid Outburst     

Pavel Koten  Jiří Borovička  Pavel Spurný  Stephen Evans  Rostislav Štork  Andrew Elliott 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2008,102(1-4):151-156

We carried out double station observations of the Leonid meteor shower outburst, which occurred in the morning hours of November 19, 2006. Using image-intensified cameras we recorded approximately 100 Leonid meteors. As predicted, the outburst was rich especially in fainter meteors. The activity profile shows that the peak of the outburst occurred at 4:40 ± 0:05 UT. The maximum reached flux was 0.03 meteoroids km⁻² hod⁻¹ for meteors brighter than +6.5 magnitude.  相似文献   

Shallow virtual source redatuming by multi‐dimensional deconvolution          下载免费PDF全文

Joost van der Neut  Dmitri Alexandrov  Andrey Bakulin 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(1):4-18

Recently, new on‐shore acquisition designs have been presented with multi‐component sensors deployed in the shallow sub‐surface (20 m–60 m). Virtual source redatuming has been proposed for these data to compensate for surface statics and to enhance survey repeatability. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of replacing the correlation‐based formalism that undergirds virtual source redatuming with multi‐dimensional deconvolution, offering various advantages such as the elimination of free‐surface multiples and the potential to improve virtual source repeatability. To allow for data‐driven calibration of the sensors and to improve robustness in cases with poor sensor spacing in the shallow sub‐surface (resulting in a relatively high wavenumber content), we propose a new workflow for this configuration. We assume a dense source sampling and target signals that arrive at near‐vertical propagation angles. First, the data are preconditioned by applying synthetic‐aperture‐source filters in the common receiver domain. Virtual source redatuming is carried out for the multi‐component recordings individually, followed by an intermediate deconvolution step. After this specific pre‐processing, we show that the downgoing and upgoing constituents of the wavefields can be separated without knowledge of the medium parameters, the source wavelet, or sensor characteristics. As a final step, free‐surface multiples can be eliminated by multi‐dimensional deconvolution of the upgoing fields with the downgoing fields.  相似文献   

Improvements of drilling fluid processing for cable-suspended electromechanical drills     

YU Dahui  Pavel Talalay  XU Huiwen  CAO Pinlu  Mikhail Sysoev  HAN Lili  HAN Junjie 《世界地质(英文版)》2013,(2):99-105

Deep ice drilling in Polar Regions plays a key role in paleo-climate, microbiological and glaciological researches. For deep ice and subglacial coring the special purpose-built electromechanical cable-suspended drills with bottom-hole circulation are designed and explored. Used at present drilling fluid circulation systems are specified by very high fluid wastes during processing. Measurements in deep drilling projects in Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets showed that 25%-40% of the drilling fluid, pumped into the hole, is retrieved to the surface with cable and drill, and up to 45% of retrieved fluid goes to waste. This leads not only to increasing of the fluid consumption and cost of the project in general but also to severe contamination of air, surface and near-surface snow-firn layers at the drilling site. In order to reduce wastes and environmental impact, it is proposed to modify drilling fluid processing system by avoiding of evaporation and leakages of fluid as far as practicable. Drilling fluid is prepared and pumped into the hole according to predetermined program on semiautomatic mode, and volume and density of blended and pumped into the hole drilling fluid are measured continuously. Components of the drilling fluid are stored and mixed in the special closed containers equipped by pressure relief valves. Separation of drilling fluid from ice cuttings is carried out by two steps: firstly, fluid is separated with hydro extractor and then with thermal separator. To reduce the amount of removed drilling fluid with cable special squeezing collar is installed on the borehole mouth. All these arrangements are able to decrease drilling fluid wastes in many times.  相似文献