Morphodynamics of the exit of a cutoff meander: experimental findings from field and laboratory studies     

J. Le Coz  M. Michalková  A. Hauet  M. C̆omaj  G. Dramais  K. Holubová  H. Piégay  A. Paquier 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(3):249-261

The morphological evolution of the entrances and exits of abandoned river channels governs their hydrological connectivity. The study focusses on flow and sediment dynamics in the exit of a cutoff meander where the downstream entrance is still connected to the main channel, but the upstream entrance is closed. Two similar field and laboratory cases were investigated using innovative velocimetry techniques (acoustic Doppler profiling, image analysis). Laboratory experiments were conducted with a mobile‐bed physical model of the Morava River (Slovakia). Field measurements were performed in the exit of the Port‐Galland cutoff meander, Ain River (France). Both cases yielded consistent and complementary results from which a generic scheme for flow patterns and morphological evolution was derived. A simple analogy with flows in rectangular side cavities was used to explain the recirculating flow patterns which developed in the exit. A decelerating inflow deposits bedload in the downstream part of the cavity, while the upstream part is eroded by an accelerating outflow, leading to the retreat of the upstream bank. In the field, strong secondary currents were observed, especially in the inflow, which may enhance the scouring of the downstream corner of the cavity. Also, fine sediment deposits constituted a silt layer in a transitional zone, located between the mouth of the abandoned channel and the oxbow‐lake within the cutoff meander. Attempts at morphological prediction should consider not only the flow and sediment conditions in the cavity, but also the dynamics of the main channel. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

Analysis of uncertainties in regional climate model outputs over the Czech Republic     

Eva Holtanová  Jaroslava Kalvová  Jiří Mikšovský  Petr Pišoft  Martin Motl 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2010,54(3):513-528

In this study we present results of uncertainty analysis in eight regional climate model (RCM) outputs over the area of the Czech Republic. The RCM simulations come from the EU 5th Framework program project PRUDENCE (Prediction of Regional scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining EuropeaN Climate change risks and Effects). Using the analysis of variance we have found that the main source of uncertainty in projected changes of mean seasonal air temperature is the driving global climate model. In case of precipitation changes, the RCM is the largest source of uncertainty in all seasons except for the spring. With the second method, the Reliability Averaging method, we have focused on the uncertainty coming from the RCM itself. The results of both methods showed that the relative contribution of the regional climate model to the uncertainty of simulated mean seasonal air temperature and precipitation changes is largest in summer and smallest in winter.  相似文献   

国家现代测绘基准体系基础设施建设一期工程绝对重力观测     

何志堂  康胜军  贺小明  赵丕  任敏拴 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(7):747-751

介绍了2013~2014年使用A10/028和FG5/214两台绝对重力仪在国家现代测绘基准体系基础设施建设一期工程中绝对重力观测的情况,并对观测结果进行分析。结果显示,两台绝对重力仪观测结果精度及较差都在5 μGal以内,满足高精度重力基准建设的技术要求;A10/028具有一定的野外观测适应性,FG5/214对重力细微变化信号的捕获具有优势,两台绝对重力仪同期观测对于提高观测结果的可靠性和准确度具有积极的作用。  相似文献   

Palynodinium minus sp. nov., a new dinoflagellate cyst from the Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in New Zealand; its significance and palaeoecology     

Pi Suhr Willumsen   《Cretaceous Research》2006,27(6):954-963

This is the first record of a representative of the organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst genus Palynodinium from the New Zealand region. Previously, Palynodinium grallator has been reported from two sites in offshore Tasmania during Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 189. The new species Palynodinium minus is found consistently in latest Maastrichtian? and earliest Danian strata (latest Haumurian–earliest Teurian) in two sections located along the mid-Waipara and Grey rivers, North Canterbury, South Island. It occurs in a narrow stratigraphic interval at the Cretaceous–Paleogene transition and is potentially a stratigraphically important index species in the region. Its range coincides with that of the global earliest Danian index fossil Carpatella cornuta and a basal Danian acme interval of Trithyrodinium evittii, and is correlated to ca. 65.5–65.2 Ma. Its highest occurrence is at the base of an acme interval of Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum. It has only been recorded from sections composed of siliciclastic shelf sediments, suggesting that it might have had a palaeoecological preference for relatively near-shore environments.  相似文献   

Long-term variability of temperature and precipitation in the Czech Lands: an attribution analysis     

Jiří Mikšovský  Rudolf Brázdil  Petr Štĕpánek  Pavel Zahradníček  Petr Pišoft 《Climatic change》2014,125(2):253-264

Among the key problems associated with the study of climate variability and its evolution are identification of the factors responsible for observed changes and quantification of their effects. Here, correlation and regression analysis are employed to detect the imprints of selected natural forcings (solar and volcanic activity) and anthropogenic influences (amounts of greenhouse gases—GHGs—and atmospheric aerosols), as well as prominent climatic oscillations (Southern Oscillation—SO, North Atlantic Oscillation—NAO, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation—AMO) in the Czech annual and monthly temperature and precipitation series for the 1866–2010 period. We show that the long-term evolution of Czech temperature change is dominated by the influence of an increasing concentration of anthropogenic GHGs (explaining most of the observed warming), combined with substantially lower, and generally statistically insignificant, contributions from the sulphate aerosols (mild cooling) and variations in solar activity (mild warming), but with no distinct imprint from major volcanic eruptions. A significant portion of the observed short-term temperature variability can be linked to the influence of NAO. The contributions from SO and AMO are substantially weaker in magnitude. Aside from NAO, no major influence from the explanatory variables was found in the precipitation series. Nonlinear forms of regression were used to test for nonlinear interactions between the predictors and temperature/precipitation; the nonlinearities disclosed were, however, very weak, or not detectable at all. In addition to the outcomes of the attribution analysis for the Czech series, results for European and global land temperatures are also shown and discussed.  相似文献   

Study of Water Quality in a Spanish River Based on Statistical Process Control and Functional Data Analysis     

J. Sancho  C. Iglesias  J. Piñeiro  J. Martínez  J. J. Pastor  M. Araújo  J. Taboada 《Mathematical Geosciences》2016,48(2):163-186

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Zircon U–Pb dating of Pubei granite and strontium isotope from sphalerite of the Xinhua Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit,Yunkai Area of Guangxi Province,South China     

Minfang Wang  Xubo Zhang  Daohui Pi  Xiaonan Guo 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(2):156-171

The Yunkai Area is located at the southern South China Block and is part of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Metallogenic Belt, which is a famous polymetallic mineralization belt. The Xinhua Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit is located in the western part of Yunkai Area, with an abundance of Pubei batholiths. Zircon U–Pb geochronology of Pubei batholiths shows that crystallization age ranges from 251.9 ± 2.2 to 244.3 ± 1.8 Ma, thus belonging to Indosinian orogeny. Geochemistry and Sr isotopic compositions of the Pubei batholiths show that it is derived from the partial melting of large scale crustal melting during the stage of exhumation and uplifting of the lower-middle crust. In addition, strontium isotope of sphalerite from the Xinhua Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit, has limited ranges in ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ranging from 0.4077 to 1.0449, and 0.718720 to 0.725245, respectively. The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of sphalerite ranges between 0.718720 and 0.725245, which is higher than that of upper continental crust and lower than that of the Pubei batholiths, illustrating the fluid might be derived from the mixing of Pubei pluton and upper continental crust.  相似文献