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Pia Mukherjee Andrew R. Liddle 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,389(1):231-236
We use Bayesian model selection tools to forecast the Planck satellite's ability to distinguish between different models for the re-ionization history of the Universe, using the large angular scale signal in the cosmic microwave background polarization spectrum. We find that Planck is not expected to be able to distinguish between an instantaneous re-ionization model and a two-parameter smooth re-ionization model, except for extreme values of the additional re-ionization parameter. If it cannot, then it will be unable to distinguish between different two-parameter models either. However, Bayesian model averaging will be needed to obtain unbiased estimates of the optical depth to re-ionization. We also generalize our results to a hypothetical future cosmic variance limited microwave anisotropy survey, where the outlook is more optimistic. 相似文献
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Maria Pia Di Mauro Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard Lucio Paternò 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(1):229-232
We investigate properties of the internal structure of HR2021, better known as Hydri, a G2 IV subgiant with mass close to solar and for which observations by Bedding et al. (2001) have shown the presence of solar-like oscillations.We have computed models of Hydri,based on updated global parameters,and compared the computed frequencies for the models with the observed oscillation spectrum. 相似文献
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The Palaeoproterozoic Kristineberg VMS deposit, Skellefte district, northern Sweden, part I: geology
Hans Årebäck Timothy J. Barrett Stig Abrahamsson Pia Fagerström 《Mineralium Deposita》2005,40(4):351-367
The Kristineberg volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VMS) deposit, located in the westernmost part of the Palaeoproterozoic
Skellefte district, northern Sweden, has yielded 22.4 Mt of ore, grading 1.0% Cu, 3.64% Zn, 0.24% Pb, 1.24 g/t Au, 36 g/t
Ag and 25.9% S, since the mine opened in 1941, and is the largest past and present VMS mine in the district. The deposit is
hosted in a thick pile of felsic to intermediate and minor mafic metavolcanic rocks of the Skellefte Group, which forms the
lowest stratigraphic unit in the district and hosts more than 85 known massive sulphide deposits. The Kristineberg deposit
is situated lower in the Skellefte Group than most other deposits. It comprises three main ore zones: (1) massive sulphide
lenses of the A-ore (historically the main ore), having a strike length of about 1,400 m, and extending from surface to about
1,200 m depth, (2) massive sulphide lenses of the B-ore, situated 100–150 m structurally above the A-ore, and extending from
surface to about 1,000 m depth, (3) the recently discovered Einarsson zone, which occurs in the vicinity of the B-ore at about
1,000 m depth, and consists mainly of Au–Cu-rich veins and heavily disseminated sulphides, together with massive sulphide
lenses. On a regional scale the Kristineberg deposit is flanked by two major felsic rock units: massive rhyolite A to the
south and the mine porphyry to the north. The three main ore zones lie within a schistose, deformed and metamorphosed package
of hydrothermally altered, dominantly felsic volcanic rocks, which contain varying proportions of quartz, muscovite, chlorite,
phlogopite, pyrite, cordierite and andalusite. The strongest alteration occurs within 5–10 m of the ore lenses. Stratigraphic
younging within the mine area is uncertain as primary bedding and volcanic textures are absent due to strong alteration, and
tectonic folding and shearing. In the vicinity of the ore lenses, hydrothermal alteration has produced both Mg-rich assemblages
(Mg-chlorite, cordierite, phlogopite and locally talc) and quartz–muscovite–andalusite assemblages. Both types of assemblages
commonly contain disseminated pyrite. The sequence of volcanic and ore-forming events at Kristineberg is poorly constrained,
as the ages of the massive rhyolite and mine porphyry are unknown, and younging indicators are absent apart from local metal
zoning in the A-ores. Regional structural trends, however, suggest that the sequence youngs to the south. The A- and B-ores
are interpreted to have formed as synvolcanic sulphide sheets that were originally separated by some 100–150 m of volcanic
rocks. The Einarsson zone, which is developed close to the 1,000 m level, is interpreted to have resulted in part from folding
and dislocation of the B-ore sulphide sheet, and in part from remobilisation of sulphides into small Zn-rich massive sulphide
lenses and late Au–Cu-rich veins. However, the abundance of strongly altered, andalusite-bearing rocks in the Einarsson zone,
coupled with the occurrence of Au–Cu-rich disseminated sulphides in these rocks, suggests that some of the mineralisation
was synvolcanic and formed from strongly acidic hydrothermal fluids.
Editorial handling: P. Weihed 相似文献
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Heat waves are occurring more frequently across the globe and are likely to increase in intensity and duration under climate change. Much work has already been completed on attributing causes of observed heat waves and on modeling their future occurrence, but such efforts are often lacking in exploration of spatial relationships. Based on principles of landscape ecology, we utilized fragmentation metrics to examine the spatiotemporal changes in heat wave shape and occurrence across North America. This methodological approach enables us to examine area, shape, perimeter, and other key metrics. The application of these shape metrics to high-resolution historical (1950–2013) climate data reveals that the total number and spatial extent of heat waves are increasing over the continent, but at an individual heat wave patch level, they are becoming significantly smaller in extent and more complex in shape, indicating that heat waves have become a more widespread and fragmented phenomena. 相似文献