井下槽波地震勘探——预防煤矿灾害的一种地球物理方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡国泽  滕吉文  皮娇龙  王伟  乔勇虎 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(1):439-451

当在煤层中激发地震波时,由于顶、底板围岩速度明显高于煤层中地震波的传播速度,当地震波入射角大于临界角时会发生全反射,经过多次全反射混合叠加,在煤层中形成槽波.槽波是一种围限波,它最大的特点是频散现象,槽波在煤层中传播时还具有速度低、衰减弱等特点,因此可以用来探测煤层中的采空区、断层等地质构造.本文初步阐述了槽波地震勘探技术的研究现状,槽波的形成,槽波的特点、槽波地震勘探的工作方法以及应用实例等内容,并基于其特点对槽波地震勘探技术作出了展望.  相似文献   

多源遥感技术在汶川震后高精度数字高程模型重建中的精度分析     

沈强  乔学军  王琪  杜瑞林  谭凯 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(4)

汶川地震后,震中地区地表形态遭到很大破坏.在该地区开展科学研究急需高精度数字高程模型支持,重建震区数字高程模型十分必要.本文以高精度重建该地区数字高程模型为目标,综合ALOS PRISM获取的三轨立体像对、ALOS PALSAR雷达影像和欧空局发布的汶川地震ENVISAT雷达影像等资料,采用光学遥感立体测图技术、InSAR技术,并融合已有全球数字高程模型,研究建立覆盖此地区15m分辨率的数字高程模型.在利用中国地壳运动监测网络和陆态网络工程项目实测的GPS数据进行高程精度分析后表明:ALOS PRISM DEM精度优于10 m(95％置信度);ALOS PALSAR DEM精度优于10 m(95％置信度),而ENVSAT ASAR DEM在平原、丘陵地区精度优于20 m(95％置信度).研究证明:ALOS PRISM能进行高精度的地形测量,ALOS PALSAR在山区仍可获得高精度数字高程模型,ENVISAT ASAR在平原地区的精度较高.因此融合光学、雷达遥感技术完全满足获取高精度、高分辨率震区数字高程模型的需要,这为在困难地区建立高精度数字高程模型提供了一个很好的途径.  相似文献   

Experimental analysis and application of sparsity constrained deconvolution     

Guo-Fa Li  De-Hai Qin  Geng-Xin Peng  Ying Yue  Tong-Li Zhai 《应用地球物理》2013,10(2):191-200

Sparsity constrained deconvolution can improve the resolution of band-limited seismic data compared to conventional deconvolution. However, such deconvolution methods result in nonunique solutions and suppress weak reflections. The Cauchy function, modified Cauchy function, and Huber function are commonly used constraint criteria in sparse deconvolution. We used numerical experiments to analyze the ability of sparsity constrained deconvolution to restore reflectivity sequences and protect weak reflections under different constraint criteria. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of sparsity constrained deconvolution depends on the agreement between the constraint criteria and the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences; furthermore, the modified Cauchyconstrained criterion protects the weak reflections better than the other criteria. Based on the model experiments, the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences of carbonate and clastic formations is statistically analyzed by using well-logging data and then the modified Cauchy-constrained deconvolution is applied to real seismic data much improving the resolution.  相似文献   

JpGraph绘图类库在地震数据展示中的应用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

李刚  姚会琴  李悦  宋军  周利霞  王晓磊  杨奕  刘磊  丁晶 《震灾防御技术》2013,8(2):209-215

天津市地震局在进行地震观测数据可视化发布工作中,采用PHP语言及JpGraph类库实现了前兆类观测数据在WEB页面中的图形化展示,扩展了PHP语言在行业数据发布与展示系统中的应用,本文主要阐述JpGraph类库的应用及在使用中遇到的问题.  相似文献   

混凝土核心筒的水平双向循环加载试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

许洋  赵均  徐金蓓  李月  侯鹏程 《震灾防御技术》2013,8(2):173-180

为了研究地震多维性对于混凝土核心筒抗震性能的影响,对大尺寸混凝土核心筒试件进行了水平双向加载下的拟静力试验.重点研究在双向加载下,核心筒的破坏形态与机理、承载能力、变形性能、刚度退化等方面的问题.结果表明,由于水平双向加载下简体一个方向的损伤影响到另一个方向的性能,因而对混凝土核心筒的抗震能力造成不利影响.因此,在实际工程中应合理地考虑这种影响,这对于确保混凝土核心筒的抗震安全具有重要意义.  相似文献   

利用F10.7和Mg II构建太阳极紫外辐射长时间序列   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄富祥  江月  黄光东  张效信 《地球物理学报》2013,56(9):2912-2917

利用SOHO/SEM在1996-2008年的太阳EUV观测数据,比较和评估F10.7和Mg II作为EUV代理参数的代表性,不能支持Viereck等关于Mg II是比F10.7更好的代理参数的结论.通过比较对两种参数的多种回归计算结果,确立双因子极大似然估计方法构建EUV计算模式,通过模型计算结果与SEM观测数据比较,表明该模型能够很好地重建EUV数据系列.利用该模式,构建了1978年11月以来的太阳极紫外辐射数据序列.  相似文献   

Frost heave control of fine round gravel fillings in deep seasonal frozen regions     

ZuRun Yue  TianLiang Wang  Chao M  TieCheng Sun 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(4):0425-0432

Fine round gravel soil is widely employed in the subgrade of high speed railways in cold regions to prevent frost heaving and thawing. The lower the fines content in fine round gravel soil, the smaller the quantities of frost heaving and thawing, but compaction difficulty increases. This study is to obtain the optimum fines content and limited frost heaving and thawing. The fine round gravel soil filling (FRGSF) used in the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line is taken as the study object. Influence of fines content on optimum water content, maximum dry density and frost heaving properties of FRGSF were studied by means of compaction and frost heaving tests. Results show that the maximum dry density of the FRGSF increases first and then decreases with an increase of fines content, namely there is an optimum fines content for easy compaction. The method of surface-vibratory instrument is fit for coarse-grained soils, and wet state of coarse-grained soil is in favor of compaction. Considering the relationship of fines content with maximum dry density and the frost heaving ratio of FRGSF, the fines content should be limited to within the range of 9%-10%, so that the frost heaving ratio is less than 1%, and the FRGSF is easily compacted. Water supply is proved to be an important factor influencing the amount of frost heaving of FRGSF. We also conclude that in the field, it is imperative to control waterproofing and drainage measures.  相似文献   

Lake Area Changes and the main causes in the hinterland of Badain Jaran Desert during 1973–2010, China     

ZhenYu Zhang  NaiAng Wang  Ning M  Yue Wu 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(1):0022-0029

Lake area information in the Badain Jaran Desert in 1973, 1990, 2000, and 2010 was obtained by visual interpretation and water index analysis of remote sensing images, based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of lake area changes during 37 years. Results indicated that the number of lakes declined from 94 to 82 and the total surface area was reduced by 3.69 km² during 1973–2010. The desert lake area reduced by different degrees in different periods, but this occurred most rapidly during 1973–1990. According to the statistics of lake area changes, lake area decreases mainly occurred in the lakes with areas less than 0.2 km², while the areas of lakes greater than 0.9 km² only fluctuated. The changes of lake areas were probably due to changes in the quantity of underground water supplies rather than the effects of local climate change or human factors.  相似文献   

ArcGIS到CorelDraw的数据转换及图层异常改正     

乔俊军  房雪玲  姜战底 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(1):27-29

制图软件间的数据共享是地图生产中的重点及热点问题之一。具有空间数据处理功能的ArcGIS软件和具有图形图像设计功能的CorelDraw软件,凭借其成熟的制图功能和丰富的开发资源,受到了地图编制单位和人员的青睐。但是,传统制图并没有明确提出ArcGIS数据到CorelDraw数据转换的方法。基于这一问题,本文着重探讨了利用第三方数据格式Dwg实现数据转换的解决方案,同时利用ArcGIS中支持COM标准的VBA开发资源进行了二次开发,对该转换方法所产生的图层异常进行了改正,确保了数据转换的准确性,实现了ArcGIS与CorelDraw间的数据共享。  相似文献   

大比例尺测绘中房屋切片及属性管理     

乔柱 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(3):157-159

随着城市建设的飞速发展,社会对城市基础信息的需求日益增加,传统的数字化测绘难以满足现代信息化测绘的需求。佛山市信息化测绘基础软件在实现信息数据的集成化、信息处理自动化、信息应用社会化等方面做出了巨大的贡献,本文从该软件在大比例尺测绘中针对房屋的切片管理及属性管理展开,重点论述了信息数据的集成化管理及应用。  相似文献