毛乌素沙地藓、藻结皮生态功能对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李亚红  卜崇峰  郭琦  韦应欣 《中国沙漠》2021,41(2):138-144

生物结皮在荒漠生态系统中发挥着重要的生态功能,不同类型生物结皮有机体组成和比例不同,生态功能差异巨大.针对毛乌素沙地发育稳定阶段的藓、藻结皮,通过野外调查监测及室内指标测算,深入分析了两类生物结皮对土壤含水量、风蚀量和养分含量的影响尺度,并采用综合指标评价模型定量比较了二者的生态功能差异.结果表明:(1)两类生物结皮下...  相似文献   

1960—2019年鄱阳湖五河流域陆地水储量变化及其对主湖区水量的影响     

章阳  张润润  马苗苗  布庆月 《湖泊科学》2024,36(4):1204-1219

流域内地表水、土壤水和地下水等水储量组分相互作用和影响,共同构成了陆地水储量(TWS)的动态变化格局。本文以GRACE卫星数据为基准,利用GLDAS数据解析1960-2019年鄱阳湖“五河”流域TWS的时空变化特征及各组分对其变化的贡献,采用相关分析方法分析TWS对降水的滞后响应关系,并进一步采用多元线性回归分析方法探究了“五河”流域TWS及各组分对鄱阳湖主湖区水量的影响。结果表明:“五河”流域年TWS在1960-2011年(P1)以-0.07 mm/a的下降,而在2012-2019年(P2)以3.37 mm/a的速率上升。相较于P1阶段,P2阶段春、夏季TWS盈余增强,秋、冬季TWS亏损减弱。春、夏季流域西部TWS变化逐渐由地表水转变为地下水储量主导,流域东部TWS变化主要由地下水储量主导;秋、冬季流域TWS变化主要为地下水储量主导,且地表水对TWS变化的贡献减弱。流域TWS对降水变化的响应滞时呈现夏、秋季短(1个月)而冬、春季长(3~6个月)的季节模式。地下水储量和土壤水对TWS变化的贡献增加会延长TWS对降水的响应滞时,而地表水对响应滞时起相反的作用。“五河”流域TWS与鄱阳湖主湖区水量具有显著的正相关性,地表水和地下水储量增加对湖区水体的增长具有正向作用,而土壤水增加对湖区水体的增长具有反向作用。本研究解析了近六十年鄱阳湖“五河”流域陆地水储量的变化及其对主湖区水量的影响,可为流域水安全管理提供参考。  相似文献   

Evidence and implications of massive erosion along the Strait of İstanbul (Bosphorus)     

Erkan Gökaşan  Hüseyin Tur  Berkan Ecevitoğlu  Tolga Görüm  Ahmet Türker  Buğser Tok  Faruk Çağlak  Halim Birkan  Mehmet Şimşek 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(5):324-342

The Strait of İstanbul (SoI) (Bosphorus) is a narrow valley, which has evolved tectonically from a stream, and in which thick sediment deposits have accumulated in the course of its evolution. Detailed seismic and multi-beam bathymetric data have revealed that the upper parts of the deeper channel deposits consist of parallel strata, which have mostly been eroded subsequently to their deposition. The resulting erosion surface is represented by the present channel floor in the strait, the estimated volume of the eroded material being approximately 2×10⁸ m³ . Erosion rate and seafloor morphology indicate that the flow direction was from the south to the north. This inner channel may have been formed by an abrupt flooding of the Black Sea by Mediterranean waters at the beginning of the latest connection between the Marmara and the Black seas. Subsequently, the Mediterranean bottom current of the modern two-way flow system, which was established at about 5–4 ka b.p., has given the latest shape to the strait floor.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲莱州湾西岸防潮工程海堤断面块体稳定性实验研究     

刘清涛  蒲高军  刘芸 《海洋科学进展》2003,21(2):219-225

以黄河三角洲莱州湾西岸防潮工程海堤断面为工程实例，结合当地的水位及波浪参数，利用物理模型试验的方法，得出了护面块体稳定的极限条件及不同堤坝型式下海堤的冲淤状况，从而验证了海堤护面块体稳定性。  相似文献   

南极普里兹湾沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李国刚季有俊  李云海冷启暖布如源  李薏新 《极地研究》2017,29(1):23-32

利用中国第29次南极科学考察在南极普里兹湾获取的3个短柱样品,进行了稀土元素测试分析,探讨了普里兹湾海洋沉积物稀土元素特征、分布模式及其控制因素。结果表明,普里兹湾各站沉积物中稀土元素含量各异,但均具有与上陆壳、中山站变质岩相似的页岩标准化配分模式,整体表现为轻稀土富集型,说明其物源一致,具有明显的大陆地壳来源特征。结合沉积物粒度、化学元素、生源指标等分析其分布及富集规律,发现物源是控制研究区稀土元素组成的主要因素,同时生物作用会对稀土元素的含量产生稀释,但"粒度效应"在此并不明显。普里兹湾沉积物短柱稀土元素参数垂向变化,反映了百年尺度内物源输入、沉积环境的变化。各站δCe值普遍具有向下减小的趋势,反映了随深度增加沉积环境的氧化性逐渐减弱的特征。  相似文献   

南洞庭湖污染物质迁移扩散与混合规律的研究     

卜跃先 《海洋湖沼通报》1991,(2):43-48

本文采用二维水质数学模型,研究南洞庭湖污染物质迁移扩散与混合的运动规律。运用无量纲分析方法,解决了洞庭湖污染带的几个计算问题。  相似文献   

利用太阳法提高新一代天气雷达探测精度     

邵楠  潘新民  陈玉宝  步志超  王箫鹏 《气象科技》2018,46(6):1065-1072

针对一些型号新一代天气雷达普遍存在太阳法天线波束指向检测成功率低、精度差,而且没有天线波束宽度、雷达接收系统全链路回波强度测量误差检测功能等问题,采取5个方面改进措施:(1)改进算法;(2)改进数据质控方法;(3)改进天线控制方式;(4)改进太阳位置搜索方式;(5)降低天线转速并提高采集分辨率。实际测试评估表明:改进后的太阳法天线波束指向检测明显提高了天线波束指向精度,解决了太阳法天线波束指向检测可靠性差、成功率低的问题;现场太阳法天线波束宽度测量可靠性高,测量精度可以满足回波强度定标要求;雷达接收系统全链路回波强度测量误差检测功能能够发现雷达回波强度定标中无法发现与天馈参数有关的回波强度测量误差偏大问题。  相似文献   

国产双偏振天气雷达差分反射率测量性能分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李喆  李柏  赵坤  邵楠  步志超  王崇文 《气象科技》2016,44(6):855-859

双偏振天气雷达对气象目标差分反射率(Z_(DR))的精确测量是我国新一代天气雷达双偏振升级过程中的一个重要环节。本文介绍了采用机外仪表、机内测试信号、太阳、小雨等方法对双偏振天气雷达系统引入的Z_(DR)偏差进行测量的原理,分析了影响Z_(DR)测量精度的关键因素,即发射机、接收机和方位旋转关节引入的Z_(DR)动态偏差。比较了各种标定方法的优点和局限性。以南京大学C波段双偏振雷达为例,给出了采用机外仪表、太阳、小雨方法对雷达系统引入的Z_(DR)偏差的实测结果,并对测量结果进行了比较分析,发现3种方法的测量结果具有较好的一致性;且Z_(DR)测量值随方位角的变化具有一定的规律,因此随着双偏振雷达的长期运转,方位旋转关节的影响不可忽略。本文对未来我国双偏振雷达的业务运行和组网观测具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Quantitative impacts of population on river water quality in the Jinshui River basin of the South Qinling Mts., China     

Hongmei Bu  Wenzhi Liu  Xianfang Song  Quanfa Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(4):292

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High resolution land cover datasets integration and application based on Landsat and Globcover data from 1975 to 2010 in Siberia     

LIU Tingxiang  ZHANG Shuwen  XU Xinliang  BU Kun  NING Jia  CHANG Liping 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2016,26(4):429-438

Land cover is recognized as one of the fundamental terrestrial datasets required in land system change and other ecosystem related researches across the globe. The regional differentiation and spatial-temporal variation of land cover has significant impact on regional natural environment and socio-economic sustainable development. Under this context, we reconstructed the history land cover data in Siberia to provide a comparable datasets to the land cover datasets in China and abroad. In this paper, the European Space Agency(ESA) Global Land Cover Map(GlobCover), Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM), Multispectral Scanner(MSS) images, Google Earth images and other additional data were used to produce the land cover datasets in 1975 and 2010 in Siberia. Data evaluation show that the total user′s accuracy of land cover data in 2010 was 86.96%, which was higher than ESA GlobCover data in Siberia. The analysis on the land cover changes found that there were no big land cover changes in Siberia from 1975 to 2010 with only a few conversions between different natural forest types. The mainly changes are the conversion from deciduous needleleaf forest to deciduous broadleaf forest, deciduous needleleaf forest to mixed forest, savannas to deciduous needleleaf forest etc., indicating that the dominant driving factor of land cover changes in Siberia was natural element rather than human activities at some extent, which was very different from China. However, our purpose was not just to produce the land cover datasets at two time period or explore the driving factors of land cover changes in Siberia, we also paid attention on the significance and application of the datasets in various fields such as global climate change, geopolitics, cross-border cooperation and so on.  相似文献