Stratospheric in situ measurements of H₂SO₄ and HSO₃ vapors during a volcanically active period     

S. Qiu  F. Arnold 《Planetary and Space Science》1984,32(1):87-95

In situ measurements of stratospheric H₂SO₄ and HSO₃vapors using passive chemical ionization mass spectrometry were made in October 1982 after the eruption of volcano El Chichon. Data were obtained between about 20 and 41 km showing [H₂SO₄ + HSO₃] sum concentrations between about 10⁴ and 2 × 10⁵ cm^?3 below 29 km and a steep rise above this altitude. Maximum [H₂SO₄ + HSO₃] values of about 3 × 10⁶ cm^?3 are reached above 35 km.Partial [HSO₃] concentrations increase above 34 km reaching about $\text{4 × 10}{}^5\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}$ around 40 km. From the measurements it is concluded that H₂SO₄ and probably HSO₃photolysis have an important influence above 34 km leading to the observed increase of [HSO₃] and a depletion of H₂SO₄vapor.It also seems that the data support the view of heterogeneous HSO₃ removal. If correct, this would imply that stratospheric aerosols are formed primarily from HSO₃ rather than H₂SO₄vapor.  相似文献   

Distribution of <Superscript>226</Superscript>Ra in the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea and its hydrologic implications     

Na?XingEmail author  Min?Chen  Yipu?Huang  Pinghe?Cai  Yusheng?Qiu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(5):516-528

Radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) activities were measured in the surface water samples collected from the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea during the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results showed that ²²⁶Ra concentrations in the surface water ranged from 0.28 to 1.56 Bq/m³ with an average of 0.76 Bq/m³ in the Arctic Ocean, and from 0.25 to 1.26 Bq/m³ with an average of 0.71 Bq/m³ in the Bering Sea. The values were obviously lower than those from open oceans in middle and low latitudes, indicating that the study area may be partly influenced by sea ice meltwater. In the Bering Sea, ²²⁶Ra in the surface water decreased northward, probably as a result of the exchange between the ²²⁶Ra-deficient sea ice meltwater and the ²²⁶Ra-rich Pacific water. In the Arctic Ocean, ²²⁶Ra in the surface water increased northward and eastward. This spatial distribution of ²²⁶Ra reflected the variation of the ²²⁶Ra-enriched river component in the water mass of the Arctic Ocean. The vertical profiles of ²²⁶Ra in the Canadian Basin showed a concentration maximum at 200 m, which could be attributed to the inputs of the Pacific water or/and the bottom shelf water with high ²²⁶Ra concentration. This conclusion was consistent with the results from ²H, ¹⁸O tracers.  相似文献   

A Flare-Triggered Heating of a Quiescent Filament     

Ji  H.S.  Wang  H.  Spirock  T.J.  Qiu  J.  Yang  G.  Goode  P.R. 《Solar physics》2002,211(1-2):221-229

Using data obtained with the 20-cm H full-disk telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory and Fexii 195 Å EIT on SOHO, we analyze a sudden disappearance event of a quiescent filament in detail. The filament was located along the common boundary of the active regions NOAA 9672 (S19 E13) and NOAA 9673 (N03 E18). The filament disappeared during a time interval between 17:59 UT and 19:47 UT on 22 October 2001 immediately after the onset of a major flare, which occurred in the active region NOAA 9672. At about 23:23 UT of the same day, the filament began to reappear in H and, after about 15 hours, the filament recovered to its steady state with its size being slightly smaller than that before its disappearance. This filament disappearance event belongs to the thermal type of sudden filament disappearances, which is caused by an input of additional heat. The heating mechanism that leads to sudden thermal disappearances of quiescent filaments is still not well understood. This simple event, due to the explicit cause and effect relationship between the flare and the disappearance of the filament, shows us that the flare triggered some kind of heating mechanism which continued several hours. The heat may come from the flare via heat conduction from its ribbon or from the excitation of dissipating Alfvén waves. However, from the data analysis, we conclude that the flare triggered an in-situ heating, which is likely caused by magnetic reconnection.  相似文献   

黄浦江水质指标与反射光谱特征的关系分析   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

巩彩兰  尹球  匡定波 《遥感学报》2006,10(6):910-916

利用地物光谱测量技术及同步配套的常规水质采样分析实验，对上海市黄浦江全河段水体进行调查研究。共选取31个典型站位进行了光谱测量和同步水质取样，每个测点分析了9个水质指标，包括TP，TN，CODMn，CODCr，NH3-N，BOD5，DO，悬浮物浓度和浊度。各水质参数之间存在较大的相关性，以总氮（TN）和悬浮物浓度两个水质指标为例，分析了这两个水质指标与单波段归一化反射率、反射率的一阶微分、不同波段之间反射率的比值以及反射率取对数等之间的相关关系，给出了以上两个水质指标的单波段归一化反射率、一阶微分反射率识别的特征波段，以及两个波段比值的最佳波段组合。建立了常规水质参数与水体光谱反射率之间的关系模型，为利用遥感技术监测水环境提供了基础。  相似文献   

基于GIS的秦岭山地气温空间分布          下载免费PDF全文

程路  邱新法 《陕西气象》2006,(6):1-4

提出一种以气象站点观测资料为基础,用G IS技术建立山地平均气温分布模型的方法。通过数字高程模型(DEM),获取地形数据,建立山地天文辐射模型。考虑海拔高度、地形等影响气温空间分布因子,建立山地气温分布模型。  相似文献   

Early J₂ basalts in SE China: Incipience of large-scale late Mesozoic magmatism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xie Xin  Xu Xisheng  Zou Haibo  Jiang Shaoyong  Zhang Ming  Qiu Jiansheng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(8):796-815

Magmatism in SE China was dormant during 204–180 Ma, but was reactivated in 180–170 Ma (early J₂), and then became more and more intensive towards the end of early Cretaceous. The small-scale early J₂ magmatism is the incipience to long-term and large-scale magmatism in this region. A near east-west (EW) trend volcanic belt was distributed across south Hunan, south Jiangxi and southwest Fujian was formed during early J₂ time. Along this belt from the inland toward the coast, the lithology of basalts changes from alkali into tholeiite, and the amount of erupted volcanic rocks and the proportions of rhyolites coexisting with the basalts increase. On the basis of geochemical characteristics of these basalts, we infer that the melting degree of source rocks and the extent of fractional crystallization and crustal contamination all increased whereas the depth of mantle source decreased from the inland to the coast, which led to the variations of geological characteristics of the volcanic belt. In early J₂, the western spreading Pacific plate began to subduct underneath SE China continental block, reactivating near EW trend deep fault that was originally formed during the Indosinian event. The stress of the western spreading Pacific plate and the extent of asthenosphere upwelling increased from the inland to the coast, which is consistent with the generation and evolution of early J₂ basalts.  相似文献   

Four-dimensional data assimilation method based on SVD: Theoretical aspect   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

C. Qiu  J. Chou 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2006,83(1-4):51-57

Summary A new method of four-dimensional data assimilation based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is proposed. In it, a set of atmospheric states is obtained by integrating a numerical weather prediction model and simulated observations are taken and calculated from the model variables. Then the SVD technique is used to create the base vectors from this coupled data set. Finally, the analysis is obtained by projecting actual observation data into a space spanned by the base vectors. Using this approach, the four-dimensional data assimilation becomes a simple linear inverse problem the linearization of the nonlinear forward model is avoided, and the developments of the adjoint and background error covariance matrix are no longer needed. Since the SVD technique is used here, the method is simply called 4DSVD.  相似文献   

夏热冬暖地区建筑节能设计分析     

丘建明 《中国勘察设计》2006,(5):22-25

本文根据夏热冬暖地区的气候特点，针对目前建筑节能设计存在的薄弱环节，分析了建筑围护结构的构造措施及其热工性能，提出在节能设计中应注意的问题。  相似文献   

南海晚新生代地层结构特征、沉积厚度及沉积模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邱燕刘建华  陈泓君 《南海地质研究》2006,(1):1-10

本文综合地震、钻井及区域地质资料，通过分析地震相参数等，研究南海晚新生代（E3-Q）地层结构特征和沉积厚度变化，建立了晚新生代沉积模式，所取得的研究成果可为南海油气的进一步勘探开发提供有效的基础资料。  相似文献   

贵州省近期土地利用变化及其生态效应     

谭秋  李阳兵 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(1):57-63

在全球环境变化研究中,土地利用和土地覆被动态研究是一个关键而迫切的课题。本文依据覆盖贵州省20世纪90年代末5 a时间间隔的陆地卫星数据资料,研究了土地利用变化的特征和空间分布规律,并通过土地利用转移矩阵揭示了各区域土地利用变化动态的转化过程;同时以生态系统服务功能衡量相应土地利用类型的相对生态价值,评价区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的生态效应。结果表明,在研究时段内,省内各区域退耕还林与毁林开荒并存,区域间有明显的差异,整体景观尚处于波动状态。在1995~2000年的土地利用变化中,由于旱地、有林地、灌木林地、中低覆盖度荒草地等土地利用类型相互间的频繁转换,各区域土地利用生态价值并未有明显的提高。  相似文献