Detection of deep water benthic macroalgae using image-based classification techniques on multibeam backscatter at Cashes Ledge,Gulf of Maine,USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chris McGonigle  Jonathan H. Grabowski  Craig J. Brown  Thomas C. Weber  Rory Quinn 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Benthic macroalgae form an important part of temperate marine ecosystems, exhibiting a complex three-dimensional character which represents a vital foraging and spawning ground for many juvenile fish species. In this research, image-based techniques for classification of multibeam backscatter are explored for the detection of benthic macroalgae at Cashes Ledge in the Gulf of Maine, USA. Two classifications were performed using QTC-Multiview, differentiated by application of a threshold filter, and macroalgal signatures were independently extracted from the raw sonar datagrams in Matlab. All classifications were validated by comparison with video ground-truth data. The unfiltered classification shows a high degree of complexity in the shallowest areas within the study site; the filtered demonstrates markedly less variation by depth. The unfiltered classification shows a positive agreement with the video ground-truth data; 82.6% of observations recording Laminaria sp., 39.1% of Agarum cribrosum and 100.0% (n = 3) of mixed macroalgae occur within the same acoustically distinct group of classes. These are discrete from the 8.1% recorded agreement with absences and nulls (>40 m) of macrophytes (n = 32) from a total of 86 ground-truth locations. The results of the water column data extraction (WCDE) show similar success, accurately predicting 78.3% of Laminaria sp. and 30.4% of A. cribrosum observations.  相似文献   

Composition and petrology of HED polymict breccias: The regolith of (4) Vesta     

David W. Mittlefehldt  Jason S. Herrin  Julie E. Quinn  Stanley A. Mertzman  Julia A. Cartwright  Karen R. Mertzman  Zhan X. Peng 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2013,48(11):2105-2134

We have done petrologic and compositional studies on a suite of polymict eucrites and howardites to better understand regolith processes on their parent asteroid, which we accept is (4) Vesta. Taking into account noble gas results from companion studies, we interpret five howardites to represent breccias assembled from the true regolith: Elephant Moraine (EET) 87513, Grosvenor Mountains (GRO) 95535, GRO 95602, Lewis Cliff (LEW) 85313, and Meteorite Hills (MET) 00423. We suggest that EET 87503 is paired with EET 87513, and thus is also regolithic. Pecora Escarpment (PCA) 02066 is dominated by melt‐matrix clasts, which may have been formed from true regolith by impact melting. These meteorites display a range in eucrite:diogenite mixing ratio from 55:45 to 76:24. There is no correlation between degree of regolith character and Ni content. The Ni contents of howardite, eucrite, and diogenites (HEDs) are mostly controlled by the distribution of coarse chondritic clasts and metal grains, which in some cases resulted from individual, low‐velocity accretion events, rather than extensive regolith gardening. Trace element compositions indicate that the mafic component of HED polymict breccias is mostly basalt similar to main‐group eucrites; Stannern‐trend basaltic debris is less common. Pyroxene compositions show that some trace element‐rich howardites contain abundant debris from evolved basalts, and that cumulate gabbro debris is present in some breccias. The scale of heterogeneity varies considerably; regolithic howardite EET 87513 is more homogeneous than fragmental howardite Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 97001. Individual samples of a given howardite can have different compositions even at roughly 5 g masses, indicating that obtaining representative meteorite compositions requires multiple or large samples.  相似文献   

Zooplankton dynamics from inundation to drying in a complex ephemeral floodplain-wetland     

Cassandra S. James  Martin C. Thoms  Gerry P. Quinn 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2008,70(3):259-271

  相似文献   

Effects of Mixing Granular Iron with Sand on the Kinetics of Trichloroethylene Reduction     

Erping Bi  J. F. Devlin  Bei Huang 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2009,29(2):56-62

A substantial cost of granular iron permeable reactive barriers is that of the granular iron itself. Cutting the iron with sand can reduce costs, but several performance issues arise. In particular, reaction rates are expected to decline as the percentage of iron in the blend is diminished. This might occur simply as a function of iron content, or mass transfer effects may play a role in a much less predictable fashion. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the performance consequences of mixing Connelly granular iron with sand using the reduction kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) to quantify the changes. Five mixing ratios (i.e., 100%, 85%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of iron by weight) were studied. The experimental data showed that there is a noticeable decrease in the reaction rate when the content of sand is 25% by weight (iron mass to pore volume ratio, Fe/V_p = 3548 g/L) or greater. An analysis of the reaction kinetics, using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation, indicated that mass transfer became an apparent cause of rate loss when the iron content fell below 50% by weight (Fe/V_p = 2223 g/L). Paradoxically, there were tentative indications that TCE removal rates were higher in a 15% sand + 85% iron mixture (Fe/V_p = 4416 g/L) than they were in 100% iron (Fe/V_p = 4577 g/L). This subtle improvement in performance might be due to an increase of iron surface available for contact with TCE, due to grain packing in the sand-iron mixture.  相似文献   

Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination of ground water in Tiverton,Rhode Island,USA     

Zheng Jinshu  James G. Quinn 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1988,6(4):367-375

Ground water samples from several private wells serving individual homes in Tiverton, Rhode Island were analyzed for petroleum contamination over a 19-month period. The hydrocarbon concentrations initially ranged from 68 to 2350 ppb and then gradually decreased to lower values, ranging from 6 to 1650 ppb, at the end of the study. Samples from the well with the highest hydrocarbon concentration (2350 to 1650 ppb) were investigated in some detail because this was considered a possible source of the petroleum contamination in the area. These studies indicated that most of the hydrocarbons were in the dissolved phase (<1.0 μm) of the ground water and that it contained large amounts of naphthalene, methyl and dimethyl naphthalenes, and ethyl naphthalenes. In addition, the qualitative distribution of hydrocarbons changed as the concentration decreased over the course of the investigation. There appeared to be preferential loss of the more volatile and easily degraded components relative to the higher molecular weight and more refractory hydrocarbons. Some of the wells at this location are contaminated with at least two different petroleum products, i.e. gasoline and fuel oil. The exact nature and source of the contaminant is not known; it may be spilled or leaking petroleum products, or other materials containing petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g. commercial or industrial cleaning solutions). Based on differences in the qualitative distribution of components, some of the wells contain hydrocarbons that have been environmentally altered or that originate from a source other than the most contaminated well  相似文献   

Organic matter on clay minerals and marine sediments — effect on adsorption of dissolved copper,phosphate, and lipids from saline solutions     

Philip A. Meyers  James G. Quinn 《Chemical Geology》1974,13(1):63-68

Adsorption of dissolved copper and phosphate by natural and peroxide-treated marine sediments was compared. A three-fold increase in copper adsorption and a six-fold increase in phosphate adsorption was caused by the peroxide treatment. Indigenous organic matter evidently interferes with adsorption.Clay minerals coated with heptadecanoic acid adsorbed somewhat less copper, phosphate, and hexadecane than uncoated clays, but slightly more nonadecanoic acid and anthracene.  相似文献   

The North Cape oil spill: hydrocarbons in Rhode Island coastal waters and Point Judith Pond.     

C M Reddy  J G Quinn 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(5):445-461

On 19 January 1996, the North Cape oil barge ran aground near Moonstone Beach, RI, and spilled over 2700 metric tons of No. 2 fuel oil during a severe winter storm. High winds and rough seas drove the oil into the water column, and the oil spread throughout Block Island Sound and into several coastal salt ponds. Over 50 water samples were collected from Point Judith Pond (PJP) and the southern coast of Rhode Island for four months after the spill and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). These analyses revealed that at least 60 km2 of coastal waters were impacted from the spill. Maximum concentrations of sigmaPAHs and TPHs were 115 and 3940 microg l(-1), respectively. The percentage of sigmaPAHs relative to the TPHs for all samples varied from 0.2 to 43%, showing that there was no clear relationship between sigmaPAHs and TPHs for the whole dataset and likely resulting from spatial and temporal partitioning over the course of the spill. However, within the dataset, there were stronger correlations for distinct samples collected at similar locations and times. In PJP, water column concentrations of individual PAHs decreased at rates of 0.08-0.24 day(-1) and lower-molecular weight PAHs were removed faster than higher-molecular weight PAHs.  相似文献   

The formation and evolution of an isolated submarine valley in the North Channel,Irish Sea: an investigation of Beaufort's Dyke     

Alexander Callaway  Rory Quinn  Craig J. Brown  Matthew Service  David Long  Sara Benetti 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(4):362-373

Beaufort's Dyke is a submarine depression located in the North Channel of the Irish Sea. With a maximum depth of 312 m, the dyke is one of the deepest areas within the European continental shelf. Integration and interpretation of 450 km of sparker seismic data and full‐coverage bathymetric data derived from multi‐beam echo sounder surveys allow for the investigation of the formation processes of Beaufort's Dyke and the evolution of geomorphological features within it. The dyke, formed by composite subglacial processes dominated by subglacial meltwater discharge, is interpreted as a tunnel valley. The regional isolation of Beaufort's Dyke may be explained by the bounding of the North Channel by the bedrock masses of Ireland and Scotland, coupled with the exploitation of structural weakness along a fault plane and presence of halite in the eroded substrate enhancing the erosive potential of the overlying glacier. Beaufort's Dyke has probably been maintained as an open feature by strong rectilinear tidal currents. The morphology of lunate sediment waves and a large parabolic bedform towards the south of the dyke contradict the observed dominant S–N mean hydrodynamic flow recorded within the North Channel, suggesting an alternative hydrodynamic regime either within the dyke or during bedform creation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Airborne lidar measurements of aerosol spatial distribution and optical properties over the Atlantic Ocean during a European pollution outbreak of ACE‐2     

Cyrille Flamant  Jacques Pelon  Patrick Chazette  Vincent Trouillet  Patricia K. Quinn  Robert Frouin  Didier Bruneau  Jean François Leon  Timothy S. Bates  James Johnson  John Livingston 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):662-677

  相似文献   

TOPCAT‐NP: a minimum information requirement model for simulation of flow and nutrient transport from agricultural systems     

P. F. Quinn  C. J. M. Hewett  N. D. K. Dayawansa 《水文研究》2008,22(14):2565-2580

Future catchment planning requires a good understanding of the impacts of land use and management, especially with regard to nutrient pollution. A range of readily usable tools, including models, can play a critical role in underpinning robust decision‐making. Modelling tools must articulate our process understanding, make links to a range of catchment characteristics and scales and have the capability to reflect future land‐use management changes. Hence, the model application can play an important part in giving confidence to policy makers that positive outcomes will arise from any proposed land‐use changes. Here, a minimum information requirement (MIR) modelling approach is presented that creates simple, parsimonious models based on more complex physically based models, which makes the model more appropriate to catchment‐scale applications. This paper shows three separate MIR models that represent flow, nitrate losses and phosphorus losses. These models are integrated into a single catchment model (TOPCAT‐NP), which has the advantage that certain model components (such as soil type and flow paths) are shared by all three MIR models. The integrated model can simulate a number of land‐use activities that relate to typical land‐use management practices. The modelling process also gives insight into the seasonal and event nature of nutrient losses exhibited at a range of catchment scales. Three case studies are presented to reflect the range of applicability of the model. The three studies show how different runoff and nutrient loss regimes in different soil/geological and global locations can be simulated using the same model. The first case study models intense agricultural land uses in Denmark (Gjern, 114 km²), the second is an intense agricultural area dominated by high superphosphate applications in Australia (Ellen Brook, 66 km²) and the third is a small research‐scale catchment in the UK (Bollington Hall, 2 km²). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献