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41.
de Oliveira-Costa A Tegmark M Gutiérrez CM Jones AW Davies RD Lasenby AN Rebolo R Watson RA 《The Astrophysical journal》1999,527(1):L9-L12
The recent discovery of dust-correlated diffuse microwave emission has prompted two rival explanations: free-free emission and spinning dust grains. We present new detections of this component at 10 and 15 GHz by the switched-beam Tenerife experiment. The data show a turnover in the spectrum and thereby support the spinning dust hypothesis. We also present a significant detection of synchrotron radiation at 10 GHz, which is useful for normalizing foreground contamination of cosmic microwave background experiments at high galactic latitudes. 相似文献
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As development of ground water resources reaches the limits of sustainability, it is likely that even small changes in inflow, outflow, or storage will have economic or environmental consequences. Anthropogenic impacts of concern may be on the scale of natural variability, making it difficult to distinguish between the two. Under these circumstances, we believe that it is important to account for effects from both ground water development and climate variability. We use several statistical methods, including trend analysis, cluster analysis, and time series analysis with seasonal decomposition, to identify climate and anthropogenic effects in regional ground water levels and spring discharge in southern Nevada. We discuss the parameterization of climate and suggest that the relative importance of various measures of climate provides information about the aquifer system response to climate. In our system, which may be characteristic of much of the arid southwestern United States, ground water levels are much more responsive to wet years than to dry years, based on the importance of selected climate parameters in the regression. Using cluster analysis and time series seasonal decomposition, we relate differences in amplitude and phase in the seasonal signal to two major forcings—climate and pumping—and distinguish between a regional recharge response to an extremely wet year and a seasonal pumping/evapotranspiration response that decays with distance from the pumping center. The observed spring discharge data support our hypothesis that regional spring discharge, particularly at higher elevation springs, is sensitive to relatively small ground water level changes. 相似文献
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Shao Z. Y. 《天文研究与技术》1999,(Z1)
1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＶｉｒｇｏｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｏｆｇａｌａｘｉｅｓｉｓｔｈｅｎｅａｒｅｓｔｙｏｕｎｇｒｉｃｈｃｌｕｓｔｅｒａｎｄｐｌａｙｓａｓａｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｒｏｌｅｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｇａｌａｘｙｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ ,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏｉｎｃａｌｉｂｒａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｉｓ ｔａｎｔｓｃａｌｅ(ｖａｎｄｅｎＢｅｒｇｈ ,1 994) .Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｌｏｔｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｏｒｋｓｔｈａｔｆｏｃｕｓｏｎｔｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍ… 相似文献
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在大陆边缘海底之下几百米深度处普遍观察到BSR,这些沉积物经历近的构造固红或快速堆积,相信BSR与稳定的甲烷水合物（笼形物）的最深部位对应,我们提出了下模式,BSR水合物的形成是在运移着的孔隙流体进水合物稳定域时,由向上运移的孔隙流体排出甲烷,在这个模式里,大多数甲烷产生于水合物稳定带之下,但此深度不足以充分生热,甲烷初始属生物成因,该模式要求从孔隙流体中排出已分解的甲烷,或随孔隙流体向上搬运已散布的游离气,模式解释证据,水合物在稳定域底界处浓聚,大量的甲烷源包含在水合物内,BSRs仅在特殊环境下出现,在深积物正常沉积体制下,不会向上强裂排出流体进入不合物稳定域,,所以BSRs不普遍,由于俯冲带增生楔处构造加厚,荷载增加,引致流体向上排出,该地区快速沉积未固结成岩,这些地区水合物BSRs常见,当孔隙流体进入水合物流体＋水合物与流体域之间的严格边界,然而,需要形成水合物的甲烷数量源自深海钻井有关孔隙流体中烷浓度的有限资料暗示,从上升流体中有效的排出甲烷,可以包含比所需产生游离气的数量少,在大多数流体排出体制,流体向上运移至海底的数量足够连续排出过剩的氯化物及水合物形成时同位素分离的残余物,因此,当观察钻孔资料,没有大量氯化物或同位素异常残留在孔隙流体内,甲烷浓度与稳定域上或下的孔隙流体内CO2量之差别,可以对早期沉积物成岩反应有明显的影响。 相似文献
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The movement of oil under non-breaking waves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The combined effects of wave kinematics, turbulent diffusion, and buoyancy on the transport of oil droplets at sea were investigated in this work using random walk techniques in a Monte Carlo framework. Six hundred oil particles were placed at the water surface and tracked for 500 wave periods. A dimensionless formulation was presented that allowed reporting distances in terms of the wave length and times in terms of the wave period. Stokes' drift was, expectedly, the major mechanism for horizontal transport. It was also found that plumes that have large terminal rise velocities move faster forward but spread less than those that have small terminal rise velocities. The increase in wave slope (or wave steepness) caused an increase in transport and spreading of the plume. Our results supported treating the oil as completely mixed vertically in a layer near the surface. In the horizontal direction, buoyant plumes had spreading coefficients that are essentially constant after about 200 wave periods. But neutrally buoyant plumes had horizontal spreading coefficients that increased with time (for the simulation time of 500 wave periods). Techniques for generalizing the results for a wide range of wave parameters were presented. 相似文献
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