华北克拉通南缘太古—元古宙界线安沟群火山岩的年龄及地球化学   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

高山  周炼  凌文黎  刘勇胜  周鼎武 《地球科学》2005,30(3):259-263

河南登封地区登封群和安沟群记录了华北克拉通南缘太古宙—元古宙界线两侧地层较完整的演化历史.Kr?ner et al.(1988)曾获得登封群顶部老羊沟组变英安岩中锆石的SHRIMP年龄为(2 512±12)Ma.本研究获得不整合覆盖在登封群之上的安沟群同源双峰式拉斑玄武岩和英安岩7个样品全岩Sm-Nd同位素等时线年龄为(2 507± 96)Ma, MSWD=6.3, 初始143Nd/144Nd=0.509 560±0.000 093, ε_Nd(2.5 Ga)=3.27±1.82.上述年龄制约了登封群顶部长英质火山岩与安沟群底部的双峰火山岩之间的年龄相差最多应不超过113 Ma.安沟群演化程度较低的拉斑玄武岩La/Nb比值为0.66~ 1.14, 与软流圈地幔的比值接近, 而明显不同于岛弧玄武岩(La/Nb < 2.0).结合安沟群火山岩的双峰特征, 这些说明太古宙末或元古宙初期至少华北克拉通南缘已进入陆内裂谷伸展环境.   相似文献   

Recovery in rubble fields: long-term impacts of blast fishing     

Fox HE  Pet JS  Dahuri R  Caldwell RL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(8):1024-1031

This paper presents initial results from a study of factors that inhibit or enhance hard coral recovery in rubble fields created by blast fishing in Komodo National Park and Bunaken National Park, Indonesia. Within nine sites monitored since 1998, there was no significant natural recovery. Levels of potential source coral larvae were assessed with settlement tiles in the rubble fields and in nearby high coral cover sites. Rubble movement was measured and shown to be detrimental to small scleractinians, especially in high current areas. In shallow water (2-6 m deep), rubble is often overgrown by soft corals and corallimorpharians, which inhibit hard coral survival. There is increased scleractinian recruitment in quadrats cleared of soft coral, and Acropora nubbins transplanted into soft coral fields suffer greater mortality than those transplanted above the soft coral canopy. Gaining an understanding of the prognosis for coral recovery is essential not only in order to assess the long-term impacts of blast fishing, but also to improve management decisions about protection of intact reefs and potential restoration of damaged areas.  相似文献   

HGC5930HII区的环形结构     

苏步美 Mutel  RL 《天文学报》1992,33(1):5-13

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Model parameters for simulating fate and transport of on-site wastewater nutrients   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

McCray JE  Kirkland SL  Siegrist RL  Thyne GD 《Ground water》2005,43(4):628-639

This paper presents a critical review of model-input parameters for transport of on-site wastewater treatment system (OWS) pollutants. Approximately 25% of the U.S. population relies on soil-based OWS for effective treatment and protection of public health and environmental quality. Mathematical models are useful tools for understanding and predicting the transport and fate of wastewater pollutants and for addressing water-budget issues related to wastewater reclamation from site to watershed scales. However, input parameters for models that simulate fate and transport of OWS pollutants are not readily obtained. The purpose of this analysis is to illustrate an objective, statistically supported method for choosing model-input parameters related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Data were gathered from existing studies reported in the literature. Cumulative frequency distributions (CFDs) are provided for OWS effluent concentrations of N and P, nitrification and denitrification rates, and linear sorption isotherm constants for P. When CFDs are not presented, ranges and median values are provided. Median values for model-input parameters are as follows: total N concentration (44 mg/L), nitrate-N (0.2 mg/L), ammonium (60 mg/L), phosphate-P (9 mg/L), organic N (14 mg/L), zero-order nitrification rate (264 mg/L/d), first-order nitrification (2.9/d), first-order dentrification (0.025/d), maximum soil capacity for P uptake (237 mg/kg), linear sorption isotherm constant for P (15.1 L/kg), and OWS effluent flow rates (260 L/person/d).  相似文献   

Temporal changes in water quality at a childhood leukemia cluster     

Seiler RL 《Ground water》2004,42(3):446-455

Since 1997, 15 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia and one case of acute myelocytic leukemia have been diagnosed in children and teenagers who live, or have lived, in an area centered on the town of Fallon, Nevada. The expected rate for the population is about one case every five years. In 2001, 99 domestic and municipal wells and one industrial well were sampled in the Fallon area. Twenty-nine of these wells had been sampled previously in 1989. Statistical comparison of concentrations of major ions and trace elements in those 29 wells between 1989 and 2001 using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicate water quality did not substantially change over that period; however, short-term changes may have occurred that were not detected. Volatile organic compounds were seldom detected in ground water samples and those that are regulated were consistently found at concentrations less than the maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MCL for gross-alpha radioactivity and arsenic, radon, and uranium concentrations were commonly exceeded, and sometimes were greatly exceeded. Statistical comparisons using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test indicate gross-alpha and -beta radioactivity, arsenic, uranium, and radon concentrations in wells used by families having a child with leukemia did not statistically differ from the remainder of the domestic wells sampled during this investigation. Isotopic measurements indicate the uranium was natural and not the result of a 1963 underground nuclear bomb test near Fallon. In arid and semiarid areas where trace-element concentrations can greatly exceed the MCL, household reverse-osmosis units may not reduce their concentrations to safe levels. In parts of the world where radon concentrations are high, water consumed first thing in the morning may be appreciably more radioactive than water consumed a few minutes later after the pressure tank has been emptied because secular equilibrium between radon and its immediate daughter progeny is attained in pressure tanks overnight.  相似文献   

Intrinsic bioremediation of a petroleum-impacted wetland   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mills MA  Bonner JS  McDonald TJ  Page CA  Autenrieth RL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(7):887-899

Following the 1994 San Jacinto River flood and oil spill in southeast Texas, a petroleum-contaminated wetland was reserved for a long-term research program to evaluate bioremediation as a viable spill response tool. The first phase of this program, presented in this paper, evaluated the intrinsic biodegradation of petroleum in the contaminated wetland. Sediment samples from six test plots were collected 11 times over an 11-month period to assess the temporal and spatial petroleum concentrations. Petroleum concentrations were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses of specific target compounds normalized to the conservative biological marker, C(30)17alpha,21beta(H)-hopane. The analyses of specific target compounds were able to characterize that significant petroleum biodegradation had occurred at the site over the one-year period. Total resolved saturate and total resolved aromatic hydrocarbon data indicated the petroleum was degraded more than 95%. In addition, first-order biodegradation rate constants were calculated for the hopane-normalized target compounds and supported expected biodegradation patterns. The rapid degradation rates of the petroleum hydrocarbons are attributed to conditions favorable to biodegradation. Elevated nutrient levels from the flood deposition and the unconsolidated nature of the freshly deposited sediment possibly provided a nutrient rich, oxic environment. Additionally, it is suggested that an active and capable microbial community was present due to prior exposure to petroleum. These factors provided an environment conducive for the rapid bioremediation of the petroleum in the contaminated wetland.  相似文献   

基于短周期台阵资料的菲律宾海板块西南缘上地幔地震剖面     

Nowa.RL  陈宇卫 《地震科技情报》2000,(11):16-20

利用台湾约７５台地震仪组成的一个密集的短周期地震台阵的走时和波形资料,我们研究了菲律宾海板块西南缘上地幔Ｐ波速度结构。从３９个浅源地震图中,我们作出了深达４０００ｋｍ的合成地震剖面。利用初动走时我们建立了一个Ｖｐ平滑变化模型作为静态改正。通过带通滤波和反褐积去掉振源时间函数和衰减影响,并考虑上地幔不连续性的约束,我们模拟了波形和走时。最后将全部观测波场向下延拓处理得到区域模型ＴＳ．４０６。这个模型在１０５～１９０ｋｍ处出现低速带,然后ＶＰ逐渐增加到４０６ｋｍ深处。过了４０６ｋｍ间断面,ＶＰ增加了５．５％。在过渡带中Ｐ波速度呈线性变化,一直持续到６６２ｋｍ深处的过渡带基底,变化梯度为０．００２７／ｓ,ＶＰ累计增加了５．４％,同菲律宾海地区其它模型和全球平均模型相比,ＴＳ．４０６模型在３００ｋｍ深处上方的速度较低,  相似文献   

扬子克拉通北缘碎屑沉积岩地球化学特征及意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周炼  高山  刘勇胜  凌文黎  张利 《地球科学》2007,32(1):29-38

通过系统研究扬子克拉通北缘西乡-碑坝小区后太古代变质沉积岩的主量元素、微量元素和Nd同位素组成, 得出如下结论: (1) 扬子北缘中、晚元古代三花石组杂砂岩的ε_Nd(t), 分别为+2.72和+0.69, T_DM分别为1.40Ga和1.57Ga, 与扬子北缘同时期西乡群火山岩具有相近的Nd同位素组成, 扬子克拉通北缘新元古代存在的岛弧物质控制着该区中、晚元古代沉积物源的地球化学组成, 后河群碎屑物质对火地垭群沉积岩有一定的影响; (2) 扬子克拉通北缘古生代沉积物源区以再旋回沉积物源为主, 并随时间变化对再旋回沉积物源的接受逐渐加强, 沉积源区的长英质物质逐渐增多, 分异程度越来越高; 西乡-碑坝小区从寒武纪-志留纪沉积物源很可能是扬子克拉通基底崆岭群和基性火山岩等风化剥蚀后混合的产物, 本区从晚泥盆世开始, 其沉积物源区与秦岭群片麻岩的风化剥蚀有明显的关系; (3) 扬子北缘西乡-碑坝小区从晚二叠世到早侏罗世碎屑沉积岩的ε_Nd(t) 比早古生代碎屑沉积岩的明显偏大, 结合微量元素数据分析, 这与晚二叠世峨眉山玄武岩的多次喷发(火山灰) 和风化剥蚀作用有关.   相似文献   

埃洛石的拉曼显微光谱     

费罗.  RL 王强 《云南地质》1999,18(1):92-97

样品为新西兰Ｍａｔａｕｒｉ海湾产的管状埃洛石,利用Ｒｅｎｉｓｈａｗ１０００拉曼微系统摄得样品的拉曼光谱,由于该拉曼显微探头很小,因而所用样品的晶体直径仪０．８μｍ该光谱波长覆盖整个波长范围,激光可以沿不同轴线照射晶体,在羟基伸缩区域获得３６１６．５,３６２３．４及３６２９．７ｃｍ＾－１三个吸收峰,这三个峰归属于埃洛石八面体层共享的较低平面的内羟基振动,３６９８．２及３７０５ｃｍ＾－１吸收峰指定为未  相似文献