A procedure for identifying significant environmental aspects in sea ports     

Darbra RM  Ronza A  Stojanovic TA  Wooldridge C  Casal J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(8):866-874

A new methodology has been designed to identify and rank the significant environmental aspects in sea ports. The main objective of the Strategic Overview of Significant Environmental Aspects (SOSEA) is to help port managers to identify significant environmental aspects and to reinforce the awareness about them in order to prioritise work in environmental management. Developed in close collaboration with port environmental managers and tested in a set of ports, it is a user-friendly tool that can be applied in approximately half a working day. It is based on ISO 14001 vocabulary and requirements and it can be considered as the base for the implementation of any Environmental Management System for port communities.  相似文献   

Laboratory investigation of the effects of mineral size and concentration on the formation of oil-mineral aggregates     

Ajijolaiya LO  Hill PS  Khelifa A  Islam RM  Lee K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(8):920-927

Controlled laboratory studies of the formation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMA) in seawater demonstrate that sediment concentration and sediment size are key variables for determining the quantity of oil droplets stabilised by OMA formation. Experiments with a single sediment size and a range of sediment concentrations show that as sediment concentration increases, the quantity of oil trapped in OMA increases abruptly. In experiments with a single sediment concentration and a range of sediment sizes, the quantity of oil trapped in OMA decreases as sediment size increases. These results provide direct support to the hypothesis that there is a critical sediment concentration for OMA formation. Below this concentration, stabilisation of oil droplets by OMA decreases rapidly, while above this concentration, stabilisation is extensive. The results also support simple geometric models of OMA formation that predict that the critical sediment mass concentration increases linearly with sediment particle diameter. These results will help to place quantitative constraint on predictions of where and when OMA formation will be a factor in the natural dispersal of oil accidentally spilled into the ocean.  相似文献   

Temperature lapse rate and methane in Titan's troposphere     

McKay CP  Chau Martin S  Griffith CA  Keller RM 《Icarus》1997,129(2):498-505

We have reanalyzed the Voyager radio occultation data for Titan, examining two alternative approaches to methane condensation. In one approach, methane condensation is facilitated by the presence of nitrogen because nitrogen lowers the condensation level of a methane/nitrogen mixture. The resulting enhancement in methane condensation lowers the upper limit on surface relative humidity of methane obtained from the Voyager occultation data from 0.7 to 0.6. We conclude that in this case the surface relative humidity of methane lies between 0.08 and 0.6, with values close to 0.6 indicated. In the other approach, methane is allowed to become supersaturated and reaches 1.4 times saturation in the troposphere. In this case, surface humidities up to 100% are allowed by the Voyager occultation data, and thus the upper limit must be set by other considerations. We conclude that if supersaturation is included, then the surface relative humidity of methane can be any value greater than 0.08--unless a deep ocean is present, in which case the surface relative humidity is limited to less than 0.85. Again, values close to 0.6 are indicated. Overall, the tropospheric lapse rate on Titan appears to be determined by radiative equilibrium. The lapse rate is everywhere stable against dry convection, but is unstable to moist convection. This finding is consistent with a supersaturated atmosphere in which condensation-and hence moist convection-is inhibited.  相似文献   

新西兰南岛布勒煤田始新世布伦纳煤系中煤分布和煤质的沉积控制因素     

Flor.  RM 《国外煤田地质》1996,(4):1-20

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加拿大贝德福海洋研究所陈振雄博士访问二所     

施光春 《海洋学研究》1984,(1)

加拿大贝德福海洋研究所、同位素化学专家陈振雄博士(Dr.F.C.Tan)应厦门大学邀请,于1983年11月9日至12月2日来华讲学访问。 陈振雄博士注重研究海洋稳定同位素地球化学,在学术上有较高的造诣。他对加拿大圣劳伦河口与圣劳伦海湾的水体、悬浮物质及表层沉积物中的碳、氧稳定同位素作过  相似文献   

Oxidative damage to DNA: an immunohistochemical approach for detection of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine in marine organisms     

Machella N  Regoli F  Cambria A  Santella RM 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):725-729

The modified nucleoside 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is an index of oxidative DNA damage. An immunohistochemical approach based on the use of monoclonal antibody 1F7 against 8-oxo-dG was investigated in marine organisms with immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent detection. Relative staining intensity as a measure of the 8-oxo-dG level was microscopically assessed. After laboratory exposures to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), higher levels of oxidative DNA damage were clearly detected in all treated animals compared to controls. While this method eliminates DNA extraction reducing the processing of biological samples, absolute values are not provided. Further, the method requires only small amounts of tissue and potentially discriminates susceptibility to oxidative damage in different cell types. These results suggest that the assay should have practical applications in marine ecotoxicology.  相似文献   

Cypermethrin induces glutathione S-transferase activity in the shore crab,Carcinus maenas   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gowlan BT  Moffat CF  Stagg RM  Houlihan DF  Davies IM 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(2):169-177

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that is particularly toxic to crustacea. It is therefore applied as a chemotherapeutant in the salmonid aquaculture industry for the treatment of sea lice infestations. After use, cypermethrin is released directly into the marine environment, to be diluted by fresh seawater. The shore crab, Carcinus maenas is found in the vicinity of fish farms, and may come into contact with released cypermethrin. The detoxification enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST) has been implicated in cypermethrin metabolism in terrestrial arthropods, but this has not yet been demonstrated in crustacea. In this paper we investigate the response of GST activity in Carcinus to cypermethrin exposure, and also the time course of the induction process. GST activity is significantly increased in Carcinus exposed to nominal concentrations of 50 and 500 ng/l of water-borne cypermethrin. Carcinus demonstrate a significant elevation in GST activity following intra-cephalothoracic injection with 10 ng of cypermethrin. GST activity returns to basal levels after 36 h. The potential application of GST activity in Carcinus as a biomarker of cypermethrin exposure is discussed.  相似文献   

Characterization of a hypoxia-responsive leptin receptor (omLepR(L)) cDNA from the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)     

Wong MM  Yu RM  Ng PK  Law SH  Tsang AK  Kong RY 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(6):797-803

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Comparison of mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices as inter-tidal monitors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at oil spill sites (Boehm et al., 2005)     

Schwartz RM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(1):121; author reply 122

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Ecological consequences of dredged material disposal in the marine environment: a holistic assessment of activities around the England and Wales coastline   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bolam SG  Rees HL  Somerfield P  Smith R  Clarke KR  Warwick RM  Atkins M  Garnacho E 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(4):415-426

This study provides a holistic perspective on the ecological effects of dredged material disposal, both intertidally and subtidally. A number of numerical techniques (univariate, distributional, multivariate and meta-analysis) were used to assess impacts at 18 different disposal sites. The analyses revealed that ecological effects associated with dredged material disposal were dependent on the numerical techniques used, and that impacts were disposal-site specific. Disposal-site communities were generally faunistically impoverished to varying degrees, and impacts following intertidal placement were comparable to those of subtidal placement. We conclude that any assessment of the consequences of dredged material disposal to the coastal environment must take account of site-specific variation in prevailing hydrographic regimes and in ecological status, along with information on the disposal activity itself (mode, timing, quantity, frequency and type of material). As would be expected, variability in the latter presents a significant challenge in attempts to generalise about environmental and ecological impacts.  相似文献