Calculation of Phase Relations Involving Haplogranitic Melts Using an Internally Consistent Thermodynamic Dataset   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5  

HOLLAND  TIM; POWELL  ROGER 《Journal of Petrology》2001,42(4):673-683

A simple thermodynamic model is developed for silicate meltsin the system CaO–Na₂O–K₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O(CNKASH). The Holland & Powell (Journal of Metamorphic Geology,16, 289–302, 1998) internally consistent thermodynamicdataset is extended via the incorporation of the experimentallydetermined melting relationships in unary and binary subsystemsof CNKASH. The predictive capability of the model is evaluatedvia the experimental data in ternary and quaternary subsystems.The resulting dataset, with the software THERMOCALC, is thenused to calculate melting relationships for haplogranitic compositions.Predictions of the P–T stabilities of assemblages in water-saturatedand -undersaturated bulk compositions are illustrated. It isnow possible to make useful calculations of the melting behaviourof appropriate composition rocks under crustal conditions. KEY WORDS: thermodynamics; melts; granite; dataset  相似文献   

The geographic eye: Seeing through GIS?1     

ROGER M DOWNS 《Transactions in GIS》1997,2(2):111-121

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On the lower limit of chondrule cooling rates: The significance of iron loss in dynamic crystallization experiments     

STEPHAN WEINBRUCH  HEINZ BÜTTNER  ASTRID HOLZHEID  MATTHIAS ROSENHAUER  ROGER H. HEWINS 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1998,33(1):65-74

Abstract— Dynamic crystallization experiments performed with different container materials (Fe crucible, pure Pt wire loop, presaturated Pt wire loop) demonstrate the strong influence of Fe loss on texture, mineralogy and chemical zoning in olivine. The use of pure Pt wire loops results in severe Fe loss and prevents the development of strong Fe/Mg zoning in olivine in slower cooled runs (≤ 100 °C/h). Presaturated Pt wire loops reduce Fe loss to some extent but not completely. If severe Fe loss from the melt is avoided by the use of Fe crucibles, then cooling rates between 2000 and 1.2 °C/h yield textures, modal mineral abundances and Fe/Mg zoning in olivine comparable to natural porphyritic olivine chondrules. However, Fe gain from the crucible may possibly enhance Fe/Mg zoning in olivine for cooling rates < 10 °C/h. Therefore, it is concluded that the lower limit of cooling rates of porphyritic olivine chondrules derived from dynamic crystallization experiments is 10 °C/h, perhaps it is even lower, on the order of a few degrees Celsius per hour. This value is not significantly different from estimates for subsolidus temperatures based on the microstructure of chondrule minerals (Weinbruch and Müller, 1995). The lower limit of chondrule cooling rates of 100 °C/h advocated by Hewins (1988) and Radomsky and Hewins (1990) seems to be an artifact of the experimental technique, as their samples were crystallized in pure Pt wire loops.  相似文献   

Prograde Metamorphic Assemblage Evolution during Partial Melting of Metasedimentary Rocks at Low Pressures: Migmatites from Mt Stafford, Central Australia   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

WHITE  R. W.; POWELL  ROGER; CLARKE  G. L. 《Journal of Petrology》2003,44(11):1937-1960

The Mt Stafford area in central Australia preserves a low-pressuregreenschist- to granulite-facies regional aureole. The metasedimentarysequence has been divided into five zones from greenschist (Zone1) to granulite facies (Zone 4) and a zone of hybrid diatexiteformed from the introduction of granitic magma into the high-grademigmatites (Zone 5). Melt production was dominated by a seriesof multivariant biotite breakdown reactions, not the univariantreactions suggested by previous studies. Although the threemain metasedimentary rock types produced similar amounts ofmelt at the highest grades, their melt production historiesdiffered markedly as a function of temperature. Aluminous metapelitesproduced more melt at lower temperatures (Zones 2 and 3), whereasmetapsammite and cordierite granofels experienced an additionalmajor melt-producing step at higher temperatures (upper Zone3 and Zone 4). This melting step involved the breakdown of biotiteto produce garnet, K-feldspar and melt, and in some rocks theproduction of orthopyroxene. Melt production in Zone 4 exceeded25 mol %, resulting in the formation of in situ diatexites.Complex relationships involving aluminosilicate porphyroblastsresulted in the breakdown of biotite and aluminosilicate beingdrawn out over a wide temperature range, from subsolidus conditionsto temperatures close to 750°C. Initially, much of the meltingdeveloped around the aluminosilicate porphyroblasts during thebreakdown of coexisting biotite, aluminosilicate and quartz.However, much of the rock was chemically isolated from the porphyroblastsand could not react to produce melt. As temperatures rose, thepresence of the large isolated aluminosilicate porphyroblastscontrolled the spatial development of quartz-absent, spinel-presentcompositional domains, the formation of spinel being governedby the silica-undersaturated breakdown of coexisting biotiteand aluminosilicate. KEY WORDS: NCKFMASHTO; metapelite; granulite facies; petrogenetic grid; partial melting; THERMOCALC  相似文献   

‘Hummocky cross‐stratification‐like structures in deep‐sea turbidites: Upper Cretaceous Basque basins (Western Pyrenees,France)’ by Mulder et al. (2009), Sedimentology, 56, 997–1015: Discussion     

ROGER HIGGS 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):566-570

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Reflection of an internal wave at an interface representing a rapid increase in viscosity     

John Mchugh  ROGER GRIMSHAW 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(6):603-613

Abstract

Internal waves at high altitudes are greatly damped by the drastic increase in molecular viscosity and thermal diffusivity, resulting in important heating and other effects at those altitudes. Here we consider the case where this increase in viscosity is very rapid, idealized as an interface with inviscid flow in the lower layer and constant viscosity in the upper layer. The results show that waves are partially reflected by this interface, with a reflection coefficient that increases monotonically with an increase in the viscosity of the upper layer. This mechanism would have a significant impact on the vertical distribution of thermal energy at high altitudes.  相似文献   

Assessing costs and benefits of geographical information systems: methodological and implementation issues     

DOUGLAS A. SMITH  ROGER F. TOMLINSON 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):247-256

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THE DRIVING FORCES OF LAND CHANGE IN THE NORTHERN PIEDMONT OF THE UNITED STATES     

ROGER F. AUCH  DARRELL E. NAPTON  STEVEN KAMBLY  THOMAS R. MORELAND JR.  KRISTI L. SAYLER 《Geographical review》2012,102(1):53-75

Driving forces facilitate or inhibit land‐use / land‐cover change. Human driving forces include political, economic, cultural, and social attributes that often change across time and space. Remotely sensed imagery provides regional land‐change data for the Northern Piedmont, an ecoregion of the United States that continued to urbanize after 1970 through conversion of agricultural and forest land covers to developed uses. Eight major driving forces facilitated most of the land conversion; other drivers inhibited or slowed change. A synergistic web of drivers may be more important in understanding land change than individual drivers by themselves.  相似文献   

Inverted isograds at Sulitjelma, Norway: the result of shear-zone deformation     

ROGER MASON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1984,2(2):77-82

Abstract At Sulitjelma, Norway, there is a major inversion of metamorphic isograds beneath an inverted but undisrupted ophiolite. The flysch-like Furulund schist in which the inverted isograds occur is also inverted and the early folds in it are downward facing. The isograds cut across the axial surfaces of early folds and across the schistosity. These relationships are explained as the consequence of metamorphism during the progressive development of a large overfold. The inverted limb of the overfold is regarded as a major, thick, gently-dipping shear zone, separating the lower-grade, lower part of the Caledonian allochthon below from the higher-grade upper part of the allochthon above. The association between stratigraphical inversion, downward-facing of syn-schistosity folds and metamorphic inversion is explained by the progressive development of the shear zone. It is suggested that the presence of such shear zones is a common feature of orogenic belts formed by continental collision.  相似文献   

A new geobarometer for the assemblage biotite-muscovite-chlorite-quartz     

ROGER POWELL  JANE A. EVANS 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1983,1(4):331-336

The equilibrium thermodynamics of the reaction:
And the equilibrium constant is composed of activities formulated using ideal mixing on sites. Consideration is given to the evaluation of uncertainties in pressures calculated using the geobarometer. Preliminary testing suggests that the geobarometer has considerable potential. Much wider testing is now required.  相似文献