Foraging behaviour,swimming performance and malformations of early stages of commercially important fishes under ocean acidification and warming     

Marta S. Pimentel  Filipa Faleiro  Tiago Marques  Regina Bispo  Gisela Dionísio  Ana M. Faria  Jorge Machado  Myron A. Peck  Hans Pörtner  Pedro Pousão-Ferreira  Emanuel J. Gonçalves  Rui Rosa 《Climatic change》2016,136(3-4):495-505

  相似文献   

Geomagnetic storm effects on the thermosphere and the ionosphere revealed by in situ measurements from OGO 6     

K. Marubashi  C.A. Reber  H.A. Taylor 《Planetary and Space Science》1976,24(11):1031-1041

The temporal response of ion and neutral densities to a geomagnetic storm has been investigated on a global scale with data from consecutive orbits of OGO-6 (>400km) for 4 days covering both magnetically quiet and disturbed conditions. The first response of the neutral atmosphere to the storm takes place in the H and He densities which start to decrease near the time of the storm sudden commencement. The maximum decreases in H and He were more than 40% of the normal density at high latitudes. A subsequent increase in O and N₂ densities occurs about 8 hours later than the change in H and He densities, while the relative O and N₂ density changes indicate a depletion of atomic oxygen in the lower thermosphere by more than a factor of two. The overall features of the change in the neutral atmosphere, especially the patterns of change for individual species, strongly support the physical picture that energy is deposited primarily at high latitudes during the storm, and the thermosphere structure changes through (1) heating of the lower thermosphere and (2) generation of large scale circulation in the atmosphere with upwelling at high latitudes and subsidence at the equator. The storm-time response of H⁺ occurs in two distinct regions separated by the low latitude boundary of the light ion trough. While on the poleward side of the boundary the H⁺ density decreases in a similar manner to the decrease in H density, on the equatorward side of the boundary the H⁺ decrease occurs about half a day later. It is shown that the decrease of H⁺ density is principally caused by the decrease in H density for both regions. The difference in H⁺ response between the two regions is interpreted as the difference in H⁺ dynamics outside and inside the plasmasphere. The O⁺ density shows an increase, the pattern of which is rather similar to that for O. Two possibilities for explaining the observed change in O⁺ density are suggested. One attributes the observed increase in O⁺ density to an increase in the plasma temperature during the storm. The other possibility is that the increase in the production rate of O⁺ due to an increase in O density exceeds the increase in the loss rate of O⁺ due to an increase in N₂ density, especially around the time of sunrise. Hence the change in O⁺ density in the F-region may actually be controlled by the change in O density.  相似文献   

The 11.5 micrometer emission from carbon stars: Comparison with IR spectra of submicrometer-sized silicon carbide grains     

C. Friedemann  J. Gürtler  Regina Schmidt  J. Dorschner 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1981,79(2):405-417

In this paper the results of an experimental investigation of the spectra of submicrometersized silicon carbide grains are presented. The grains manufactured from two types of commercial -SiC were prepared according to the Jena IR spectroscopy program for particulates of cosmic importance. From the spectral records mass absorption coefficients have been derived. These data have been used to make a comparison of the laboratory spectra with the well-known 11.5 m emission band observed in the spectra of carbon stars, which is probably due to a transition in circumstellar SiC grains. For this aim, a simple model of an optically thin circumstellar envelope containing SiC grains has been calculated. The theoretical profile of the 11.5 m band derived by means of this model and based on the experimental mass absorption coefficients of SiC grains shows a striking similarity with the observed profile in the spectrum of the carbon star Y CVn. The total amount of SiC dust in the envelope of this star has been estimated at about 10²⁴ g.  相似文献   

Precise hypocentre relocation of microearthquakes in a high-temperature geothermal field: the Torfajökull central volcano, Iceland     

Regina Lippitsch  Robert S. White  Heidi Soosalu 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(1):371-388

  相似文献   

Intercomparison of Boron Isotope and Concentration Measurements. Part II: Evaluation of Results   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Roberto Gonfiantini  Sonia Tonarini  Manfred Grning  Alessandra Adorni‐Braccesi  Assad S. Al‐Ammar  Marcus Astner  Sebastien Bchler  Ramon M. Barnes  Randy L. Bassett  Alain Cocherie  Annette Deyhle  Andrea Dini  Giorgio Ferrara  Jrme Gaillardet  Judith Grimm  Catherine Guerrot  Urs Krhenbühl  Graham Layne  Damien Lemarchand  Anette Meixner  D. Jack Northington  Maddalena Pennisi  Eva Reitznerov  Ilia Rodushkin  Naoji Sugiura  Regina Surberg  Sabine Tonn  Michael Wiedenbeck  Samuel Wunderli  Yingkai Xiao  Thomas Zack 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2003,27(1):41-57

The Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse (IGG), on behalf and with the support of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), prepared eight geological materials (three natural waters and five rocks and minerals), intended for a blind interlaboratory comparison of measurements of boron isotopic composition and concentration. The materials were distributed to twenty seven laboratories - virtually all those performing geochemical boron isotope analyses in the world -which agreed to participate in the intercomparison exercise. Only fifteen laboratories, however, ultimately submitted the isotopic and/or concentration results they obtained on the intercomparison materials. The results demonstrate that interlaboratory reproducibility is not well reflected by the precision values reported by the individual laboratories and this observation holds true for both boron concentration and isotopic composition. The reasons for the discrepancies include fractionations due to the chemical matrix of materials, relative shift of the zero position on the δ¹¹B scale and a lack of well characterized materials for calibrating absolute boron content measurements. The intercomparison materials are now available at the IAEA (solid materials) and IGG (waters) for future distribution.  相似文献   

Orientation of planetary nebulae within the Galaxy     

Romano L. M. Corradi  Regina Aznar  & Antonio Mampaso 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(2):617-623

Narrow-band CCD images of 209 axially symmetrical planetary nebulae (PNe) have been examined in order to determine the orientation of their axes within the disc of the Galaxy. The nebulae have been divided into the bipolar (B) and elliptical (E) PNe morphological types, according to the scheme of Corradi &38; Schwarz. In both classes, contrary to the results of Melnick &38; Harwit and Phillips we do not find any strong evidence for non-random orientations of the nebulae in the Galaxy. Compared with previous work in this field, the present study takes advantage of the use of larger and morphologically more homogeneous samples and offers a more rigorous statistical analysis.  相似文献   

Women, Disempowerment and Resistance: An Analysis of Logging and Mining Activities in the Pacific   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Regina Scheyvens  & Leonard Lagisa 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1998,19(1):51-70

There are many arguments supporting the need for a reduction of large scale logging and mining activities in Pacific Island countries. In addition to ecological and economic concerns, logging and mining have had significant social impacts, including gendered impacts. Women tend to be excluded from decision-making processes, and they have limited access to royalty payments and business and employment opportunities which emerge. Women also bear a disproportionate share of the responsibility for dealing with the social and environmental mess which accumulates. However, women are not simply passive victims of logging and mining activities, as this discussion of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea will argue. They are often the first to feel dissatisfaction with logging and mining and it is such dissatisfaction which has fuelled civil unrest, from family break-ups to sabotage of machinery to civil war, in some communities. It may thus be useful for companies to more carefully monitor the effects of their activities on women and involve women more actively in decision-making bodies if they wish to avoid such unrest in the future.  相似文献   

Assessing streams in Germany with benthic invertebrates: selection of candidate metrics   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Daniel Hering  Carolin Meier  Claudia Rawer-Jost  Christian K. Feld  Regina Biss  Armin Zenker  Andrea Sundermann  Susanne Lohse  Jürgen Bhmer 《Limnologica》2004,34(4):398-415

The process of selecting invertebrate-based candidate metrics for the German stream assessment system is described. The aim was to identify metrics indicating degradation types other than organic pollution and acidification (“general degradation”). For 18 out of 24 German stream types a data base of roughly 2,000 benthic invertebrate samples was generated; for each sample 79 metrics were calculated. Data on land use in the catchment were compiled for all sampling sites, together with data on hydromorphology for many sampling sites. Hydromorphological and land use parameters, which describe a clear gradient in the data sets were identified by Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS). Correlation analyses between land use/hydromorphological parameters and metric results were calculated separately for the individual stream types. Among those metrics best indicating catchment- and hydromorphological degradation in the majority of stream types are: proportion of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera; proportion of Plecoptera (mainly suited for mountain streams); number of Plecoptera taxa; proportion of xenosaprobic taxa; proportion of epirhithral preferring taxa. Differences of metric correlations between stream types and between degradation types are discussed, leading to a list of candidate metrics for assessing German streams.  相似文献   

Study on the Historical Distribution of Metals in Aquatic Sediments     

Wagner José Barreto  Dílson Norio Ishikawa  Andressa Clara Nicolau  Evandro Domingues Magalhães  Fabiana Inoue  Paulo dos Santos Nora  Rodolfo Funfas  Sônia Regina Giancoli Barreto 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(7):608-613

In this study, the historical distribution of metals, phosphorous, and sulfur at four different depths in the sediments of different lakes formed in the course of an urban river (in Londrina, Parana State, Brazil) were determined. The transport of metals along the course of the river was observed mainly for Mn, Cr, and Zn. High concentrations of Pb in the Capivara Bay and Cr in the river were attributed to contamination from a battery plant and a tannery, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the deepest layers of the sediments remain high several years after deposition.  相似文献   

A New LA‐ICP‐MS Method for Ti in Quartz: Implications and Application to High Pressure Rutile‐Quartz Veins from the Czech Erzgebirge          下载免费PDF全文

Alicia M. Cruz‐Uribe  Regina Mertz‐Kraus  Thomas Zack  Maureen D. Feineman  Glenn Woods  Dorrit E. Jacob 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2017,41(1):29-40

Experimental determination of the pressure and temperature controls on Ti solubility in quartz provides a calibration of the Ti‐in‐quartz (TitaniQ) geothermometer applicable to geological conditions up to ~ 20 kbar. We present a new method for determining ⁴⁸Ti mass fractions in quartz by LA‐ICP‐MS at the 1 μg g^?1 level, relevant to quartz in HP‐LT terranes. We suggest that natural quartz such as the low‐CL rims of the Bishop Tuff quartz (determined by EPMA; 41 ± 2 μg g^?1 Ti, 2s) is more suitable than NIST reference glasses as a reference material for low Ti mass fractions because matrix effects are limited, Ca isobaric interferences are avoided, and polyatomic interferences at mass 48 are insignificant, thus allowing for the use of ⁴⁸Ti as a normalising mass. Average titanium mass fraction from thirty‐three analyses of low temperature quartz from the Czech Erzgebirge is 0.9 ± 0.2 μg g^?1 (2s) using ⁴⁸Ti as a normalising mass and Bishop Tuff quartz rims as a reference material. The 2s average analytical uncertainty for individual analyses of ⁴⁸Ti is 8% for 50 μm spots and 7% for 100 μm spots, which offers much greater accuracy than the 21–41% uncertainty (2s) incurred from using ⁴⁹Ti as an analyte.  相似文献