三峡库区消落区土壤磷释放的环境影响因子   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马利民  唐燕萍  滕衍行  赵建夫 《地学前缘》2008,15(5):235

以三峡库区消落区万州段为试验基地,选取释磷能力较强的紫色冲积土,根据三峡水库消落带的"干湿交替"空间和时间特征,进行万州断面土壤磷释放的影响因子的实验室模拟试验和万州江面淹没的对照试验。研究发现,随着淹水时间的变化,各种形态的磷在前5~10d各形态磷变化有相当的差异,随后变化趋势趋于稳定。TP有降低的趋势,土壤磷有一定的释放。野外研究表明Olsen-P在淹水10周左右到达最大值,以后缓慢降低。淹水时土壤Olsen-P增加,干燥后降低。多次淹水时每次淹水后土壤的有效磷水平都略有增加,落干后相较上次落干后有效磷水平降低,最后一次淹水后相较与初始时Olsen-P水平低16.7%。随着淹水深度增加,土壤的Olsen-P水平在淹水时由淹水前20.53mg/kg提高到43.23mg/kg,增加110.6%。当上覆水磷浓度较低时(<2mg/L),磷吸附到达平衡的时间较短,约需要6周。当上覆水磷浓度较高(>2mg/L)时,磷吸附到达平衡的时间较长。微生物活动对淹水土壤的磷释放有一定影响,有微生物时磷的释放高于无微生物者0.048mg/L。种植植物的土壤在淹水后Olsen-P含量大于土壤直接淹没时的释放量,种植狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)和野地瓜藤(Ficustikoua)的土壤中Olsen-P分别较未种植物土壤释放量高出21.5%和12.7%。  相似文献   

湘西洛塔表层岩溶泉的生态环境类型及水文特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邹胜章  朱远峰  梁彬  陈鸿汉  夏日元  唐建生 《地学前缘》2008,15(4):190-197

岩溶石山区表层岩溶带的调蓄功能可有效控制石漠化的加剧并为严重缺水地区提供饮用水。文章以湖南洛塔为例,在大量的野外调查基础上,通过对洛塔岩溶区表层岩溶系统生态环境与表层岩溶泉水文特征的对比研究,按生态环境属性将表层岩溶泉分为三种主要类型:森林环境表层岩溶泉、石漠化环境表层岩溶泉及石漠化-森林过渡环境表层岩溶泉。详细论述上述三种表层岩溶泉的发育条件与水文特征:森林环境表层岩溶泉具有持续稳定的水文动态与流量;石漠化环境表层岩溶泉流量与降雨量相对应,动态极不稳定;石漠化与森林过渡环境表层岩溶泉流量排泄峰值具有随泉域植被覆盖率增加而缓和的趋势。按照环境类型对表层岩溶泉进行分类,可直观地显示其特殊的水文特征,有助于岩溶泉的合理开发和综合利用。  相似文献   

成都经济区天降水与下渗水元素地球化学特征及土壤元素输入输出通量   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘东盛  杨忠芳  夏学齐  侯青叶  余涛 《地学前缘》2008,15(5):74

论文研究了成都经济区天降水和下渗水中元素含量、在农田耕层中的输入输出通量及其影响因素.研究表明,研究区雨水中含有大量SO2-4、NO-3等酸性物质,雨水中SO2-4 >NO-3>Cl-.雨水中Ca2 和NH 4含量最高,且NH 4>Ca2 >K >Na >Mg2 .雨水的pH与阴、阳离子摩尔浓度差值具有显著相关性.下渗水中以Ca2 为主要阳离子,且Ca2 >Na >Mg2 >K >NH 4;HCO-3为主要阴离子,且HCO-3>NO-3>SO2-4>Cl->F-,下渗水pH与阳、阴离子摩尔浓度差值具有显著相关性.不同地区雨水中Pb>As>Cd>Se>Hg,下渗水中Pb>As>Se>Cd>Hg,因此,Cd、Pb、Se和Hg等元素累积在耕层中,而As则被下渗水携带迁移出耕层进入地下水.由降雨输入土壤中的Cd通量均大于下渗水输出Cd的通量,局部地区As下渗通量高于雨水输入通量的5.45～13.16倍.土壤中元素的下渗比与土壤质地、pH有关.  相似文献   

用多种策略从机载Lidar数据中提取建筑脚点     

王刃  徐青  朱新慧 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2008,33(7)

设计了一种采用多种策略的建筑脚点提取方法,针对建筑脚点提取中的两个关键步骤--数据分类和建筑脚点分割,分别提出和引入了邻近关系和r半径点密度,从仅反映单次反射的DSM数据中,直接提取出建筑表面点.  相似文献   

雁南煤矿北二采区充水因素及开采影响评价     

于世全  任德平 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(3):51-52

在全面分析大雁矿业集团公司雁南煤矿北二采区的水文地质条件及煤层开采矿井充水因素的基础上,计算了开采27^1号煤层时导水裂隙带发育高度．得出了北二采区各煤层工作面开采即不会受到上部砂砾含水层的影响,雁南煤矿铁路涵洞以西的胜利河冲击沟也不会受到北二采区的采动塌陷影响的结论。  相似文献   

盘县马依东二井田构造特征及成因分析     

唐显贵 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(4):7-10

利用井田勘探资料及野外地质资料,对井田构造基本形态、断层发育特征及其分布规律进行分析,总结出该井田的构造模式、构造成因、构造组合特征及其演化规律。研究认为井田的构造格局是多期构造运动综合作用、相互叠加的结果。井田构造形态为一略有起伏的平缓单斜,区内NE向的高角度正断层,多属张扭性,EW向构造早于NE向构造,构造复合部位较复杂,其余区段较简单;伸展构造是井田构造的主体样式,这一结论对下一步继续勘探及煤矿开采具有指导意义。  相似文献   

浅析旅游地图的网络化发展     

许建中  徐剑  任小龙 《现代测绘》2008,31(2):45-46

旅游地图是人们旅行和导购导游的常用工具,对各地旅游业的发展具有十分重要的推动作用。本文论述了网络化旅游地图发行方式上所具有的优势,分析了当前旅游地图网络化的发展现状及存在问题,探讨了加快旅游地图网络化发展的策略与措施。  相似文献   

倒Y形竖井联系测量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾燕  王利群  唐记城 《现代测绘》2008,31(3)

介绍在小直径竖井联系测量中取消联系三角形,改用单根钢丝定点,全站仪引测高程的施测方法。  相似文献   

The idea and project of the “Medium-Scale Experiment Field for Earthquake Prediction”     

Shao-Quan Zhang  Zhen-Qi Ren  Lian-Cheng Zhang  Jian-Jun Zhang  Li-Ye Zou 《地震科学（英文版）》1996,9(4):679-690

A brief account of the development of the research on mining earthquakes and the general situation of the Mentougou Coal Mine medium-scale experiment field for earthquake prediction and the project of monitor and prediction is given. The differences of waveforms between mining earthquakes and natural earthquakes is discussed. The magnitude-frequency distribution of the 79 000 mining earthquakes of overM _l 1. 0 from 1984 to 1995 is summarized. Finally, taking PH and PV, the principal compressive stress components of the focal mechanism of the mining earthquakes, as the criteria, analyses the stress background of the 12 large mining earthquakes.  相似文献   

Deposition and diagenesis of the lacustrine-fluvial Cangfanggou Group (uppermost Permian to Lower Triassic), southern Junggar Basin,NW China: a contribution from sequence stratigraphy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhaohui Tang  John Parnell  Alastair H. Ruffell 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,11(1):67-90

The Junggar Basin in NW China contains lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks which are among the highest quality of hydrocarbon potential in the world. Oil reservoirs in the basin are very substantial: target reservoirs span Carboniferous to Tertiary strata and include Permo-Triassic lacustrine and fluvial sandstones. The Junggar Basin was a foreland basin during the late Permian to Cenozoic, possibly with strike-slip tectonics at the southern margin during Mesozoic time. The Cangfanggou Group, as one of the major reservoirs, is well-exposed in the eastern part of the southern Junggar Basin. A measured outcrop section and a number of borehole logs coupled with resistivity logs were used to attempt sequence stratigraphic analysis. Detailed sedimentological studies on the outcrops and borehole cores have demonstrated that the Cangfanggou Group is characterized by alternating lacustrine and fluvial deposits. Four depositional sequences have been recognized. For each sequence, the basal boundary is marked by erosional truncation of fluvial channel conglomeratic sandstones in sharp contact with underlying lacustrine or floodplain mudstones. The top of each lowstand systems tract is normally overlain by the transition to lacustrine or maximum flooding surface. The transgressive systems tract is normally not identifiable at the basin margin, but was developed in the basinward area and characterized by interbedded fining-upward distal fluvial and shallow lacustrine deposits. The highstand systems tract at the basin margin is characterized by very thick floodplain mudstones or shallow lacustrine deposits, and by typical coarsening-upward parasequences of shallow lacustrine deposits in more basinward areas. Sediment input to the basin was controlled by tectonics and climate. Depositional sequences were probably controlled by fluctuating change of lake level: this was in turn controlled by climate (runoff), modified by tectonics in specific areas.The sandstones studied are exclusively volcanic litharenites. Diagenetic studies suggest that the calcite cementation, pore-filling clay minerals and zeolites occluded substantial porosity in the sandstones examined because they are compositionally immature. However, notable secondary porosity in varying proportions is present in the sandstones of the Cangfanggou Group, resulting from the dissolution of unstable detrital grains. The lowstand fluvial/distal fluvial sandstones recorded the highest average porosity and highest permeability, in which some primary porosity may remain because early formed clay coatings inhibited further compaction. The combination of residual primary porosity and significant amount of secondary porosity in the sandstones of the Cangfanggou Group may constitute moderate to good reservoirs. In contrast, the lacustrine fine-grained sandstones is characterized by clay authigenesis and zeolitization, in which the porosity was obliterated by the zeolites and extensive illitization; the lowstand fluvial channel sandstones in the basin margin areas are characterized by extensive calcite cementation which greatly reduced the porosity and permeability.This is the fifth paper in a series of papers published in this issue on Climatic and Tectonic Rhythms in Lake Deposits.  相似文献