Study on infiltration rate based on primary particle size distribution data in arid and semiarid region soils     

Mahmoud Reza Mazaheri  Majid Mahmoodabadi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,5(5):1039-1046

Soil particle size distribution (PSD) is used to estimate some soil processes, soil moisture characteristics, and infiltration rate (IR). Prediction of infiltration rate from soil texture data requires an accurate characterization of PSD. The objective of this study was to determine more important primary particle diameters that control IR. The experiments were conducted using double-ring method with constant head of 5 cm in 15 different soils and three replications. The range of measured IR for studied soils varied from 1.6 to 30.66 cm h^?1. The results indicated that the primary PSD had a significant influence on IR. In other words, most D _n fractions had significant positive effect on the final IR. Among different fractions, D ₃₀, D ₄₀, and D ₆₀ showed higher relationships with IR than the others. These diameters are attributed to particles with diameter of 0.05, 0.08, and 0.16 mm, respectively. The results also showed that increasing the percent of sand have intensified influence on increasing the final IR. Reversely, clay and silt contents showed negative effects on final IR. Furthermore, the CaCO₃ had a meaningful effect on the IR that showed the importance of lime in arid and semiarid regions. Finally, it is revealed that the role of texture was important, especially in behavior of infiltration, runoff, and production capability.  相似文献   

Composition, porosity, and reservoir potential of the Middle Jurassic Kashafrud Formation, northeast Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mehdi Reza Poursoltani  Martin R. Gibling 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(5):1094-1110

In the Kopet-Dagh Basin of Iran, deep-sea sandstones and shales of the Middle Jurassic Kashafrud Formation are disconformably overlain by hydrocarbon-bearing carbonates of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous age. To explore the reservoir potential of the sandstones, we studied their burial history using more than 500 thin sections, supplemented by heavy mineral analysis, microprobe analysis, porosity and permeability determination, and vitrinite reflectance.The sandstones are arkosic and lithic arenites, rich in sedimentary and volcanic rock fragments. Quartz overgrowths and pore-filling carbonate cements (calcite, dolomite, siderite and ankerite) occluded most of the porosity during early to deep burial, assisted by early compaction that improved packing and fractured quartz grains. Iron oxides are prominent as alteration products of framework grains, probably reflecting source-area weathering prior to deposition, and locally as pore fills. Minor cements include pore-filling clays, pyrite, authigenic albite and K-feldspar, and barite. Existing porosity is secondary, resulting largely from dissolution of feldspars, micas, and rock fragments, with some fracture porosity. Porosity and permeability of six samples averages 3.2% and 0.0023 mD, respectively, and 150 thin-section point counts averaged 2.7% porosity. Reflectance of vitrinite in eight sandstone samples yielded values of 0.64-0.83%, in the early mature to mature stage of hydrocarbon generation, within the oil window.Kashafrud Formation petrographic trends were compared with trends from first-cycle basins elsewhere in the world. Inferred burial conditions accord with the maturation data, suggesting only a moderate thermal regime during burial. Some fractures, iron oxide cements, and dissolution may reflect Cenozoic tectonism and uplift that created the Kopet-Dagh Mountains. The low porosity and permeability levels of Kashafrud Formation sandstones suggest only a modest reservoir potential. For such tight sandstones, fractures may enhance the reservoir potential.  相似文献   

Factor and cluster analysis of water quality data of the groundwater wells of Kushtia, Bangladesh: Implication for arsenic enrichment and mobilization     

Md. Golzar Hossain  A. H. M. Selim Reza  Mst. Lutfun-Nessa  Syed Samsuddin Ahmed 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(3):377-384

The study area is located in the southwestern part of Bangladesh. Twenty-six groundwater samples were collected from both shallow and deep tube wells ranging in depth from 20 to 60 m. Multivariate statistical analyses including factor analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling were applied to the hydrogeochemical data. The results show that a few factors adequately represent the traits that define water chemistry. The first factor of Fe and HCO₃ is strongly influenced by bacterial Fe (III) reduction which would raise both Fe and HCO₃ concentrations in water. Na, Cl, Ca, Mg and PO₄ are grouped under the second factor representing the salinity sources of waters. The third factor, represented by As, Mn, SO₄ and K is related to As mobilization processes. Cluster analysis has been applied for the interpretation of the groundwater quality data. Initially Piper methods have been employed to obtain a first idea on the water types in the study area. Hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out for further classification of water types in the study area. Twelve components, namely, pH, Fe, Mn, As, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO₃, Cl, SO₄ and NO₃ have been used for this purpose. With hierarchical clustering analysis the water samples have been classified into 3 clusters. They are very high, high and moderately As-enriched groundwater as well as groundwater with elevated SO₄.  相似文献   

Landslide susceptibility assessment along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea,Iran   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Setayeshirad  Mohammad Rasoul  Nikudel  Mohammad Reza  Uromeihy  Ali 《Natural Hazards》2013,65(3):2215-2239

China is a disaster-prone country, and these disasters have diverse characteristics, a wide scope of distribution, high frequency, and large losses. China has advanced community-based disaster management (CBDM) capacity. Community is the bottom unit of the society, and CBDM is the foundation of the entire society’s disaster management system. A series of domestic major emergency incidents and disasters and international disaster reduction activities have promoted the formation of the CBDM concept, the implementation of capacity building activities, and the improvement of policy and laws. Thus far, the CBDM system has been preliminarily formed in China, and relevant rules and regulations have been promulgated and implemented. Furthermore, disaster reduction activities, such as the construction of the national comprehensive disaster reduction community and national safe community, have been promoted nationwide. As a result, China’s disaster-resistance capacity has largely improved. However, it is only in the initial phase of CBDM implementation, which remains plagued by several challenges and problems, such as the deficiency of community resident participation, management organizations, disaster risk assessment methods, NGO development, and safety culture cultivation.  相似文献   

A study of differentiation pattern and rare earth elements migration in geochemical and hydrogeochemical environments of Airekan and Cheshmeh Shotori areas (Central Iran)     

Mostafa Esmaeili-Vardanjani  Reza Shamsipour-Dehkordi  Alireza Eslami  Firouz Moosaei  Kaveh Pazand 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(3):719-732

The Airekan and Cheshmeh Shotori areas are located about 60 km northeast of Khour, in Isfahan province from Central Iran. Research on characteristics and rare earth elements (REE) pattern in hydrogeochemical environments of these areas suggests the same origin for the elements dissolved in groundwater in these areas. Investigation of migration pattern of REE in hydrogeochemical environments shows that the migration and transportation of REE has occurred through chloride complexes. REEs, leached by water/rock interaction from the Airekan granite, are transported by groundwater and then precipitated in the Cheshmeh Shotori area. Study of the Cheshmeh Shotori sediments shows the presence of a sequence of red oxidized and dark layers. Geochemical characteristics of these sediments reveal that their REE characteristics are mainly inherited from the Airekan granite. Changes in the REE pattern of these sediments with depth show that changes in oxidation and reduction process have not played a significant role in controlling their behavior. It is crucial to note that adsorption of REEs dissolved in water by hydrosilicate increases these elements in depth. The REE behavior shows water/rock interaction between the granitic rocks and groundwater as the main factor of solution, migration and precipitation of REEs in the Cheshmeh Shotori area.  相似文献   

Vertical geochemical variations and arsenic mobilization in the shallow alluvial aquifers of the Chapai-Nawabganj District, northwestern Bangladesh: implication of siderite precipitation     

A. H. M. Selim Reza  Jiin-Shuh Jean  Jochen Bundschuh  Chia-Chuan Liu  Huai-Jen Yang  Chi-Yu Lee 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(5):1255-1270

Core sediments from three disturbed boreholes (JOR, GHAT, and RAJ) and two undisturbed boreholes (DW1 and DW2) were collected in the study area of the Chapai-Nawabganj district of northwestern Bangladesh for geochemical analyses. In the study area, groundwater samples from fourteen As-contained private wells and five nested piezometers at both the DW1 and DW2 boreholes were also collected and analyzed. The groundwater arsenic concentrations in the uppermost aquifer (10–40 m of depth) range from 3 to 315 μg/L (mean 47.73 ± 73.41 μg/L), while the arsenic content in sediments range from 2 to 14 mg/kg (mean 4.36 ± 3.34 mg/kg). An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer was used to investigate the presence of major and trace elements in the sediments. Groundwaters in the study area are generally the Ca–HCO₃ type with high concentrations of As, but low levels of Fe, Mn, NO₃ ^? and SO ₄ ^?2 . The concentrations of As, Fe, Mn decrease with depth in the groundwater, showing vertical geochemical variations in the study area. Statistical analysis clearly shows that As is closely associated with Fe and Mn in the sediments of the JOR core (r = 0.87, p < 0.05 for Fe and r = 0.78, p < 0.05 for Mn) and GHAT core (r = 0.95, p < 0.05 for Fe and r = 0.93, p < 0.05 for Mn), while As is not correlated with Fe and Mn in groundwater. The comparatively low Fe and Mn concentrations in some groundwater and the ESEM image revealed that siderite precipitated as a secondary mineral on the surface of the sediment particles. The correlations along with results of sequential extraction experiments indicated that reductive dissolution of FeOOH and MnOOH represents a mechanism for releasing arsenic into the groundwater.  相似文献   

Simple formulas for the dynamic stiffness of pile groups     

Reza Taherzadeh  Didier Clouteau  Régis Cottereau 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(15):1665-1685

Simple formulas are derived for the dynamic stiffness of pile group foundations subjected to horizontal and rocking dynamic loads. The formulations are based on the construction of a general model of impedance matrices as the condensation of matrices of mass, damping, and stiffness, and on the identification of the values of these matrices on an extensive database of numerical experiments computed using coupled finite element–boundary element models. The formulations obtained can be readily used for the design of both floating piles on homogeneous half‐space and end‐bearing piles and are applicable for a wide range of mechanical and geometrical parameters of the soil and piles, in particular for large pile groups. For the seismic design of a building, the use of the simple formulas rather than a full computational model is shown to induce little error on the evaluation of the response spectra and time histories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Predicting TBM penetration rate in hard rock condition: A comparative study among six XGB-based metaheuristic techniques     

Jian Zhou  Yingui Qiu  Danial Jahed Armaghani  Wengang Zhang  Chuanqi Li  Shuangli Zhu  Reza Tarinejad 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,(3):201-213

A reliable and accurate prediction of the tunnel boring machine(TBM) performance can assist in minimizing the relevant risks of high capital costs and in scheduling tunneling projects.This research aims to develop six hybrid models of extreme gradient boosting(XGB) which are optimized by gray wolf optimization(GWO), particle swarm optimization(PSO), social spider optimization(SSO), sine cosine algorithm(SCA), multi verse optimization(MVO) and moth flame optimization(MFO), for estimation of the TBM penetration rate(PR).To do this, a comprehensive database with 1286 data samples was established where seven parameters including the rock quality designation, the rock mass rating, Brazilian tensile strength(BTS), rock mass weathering, the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS), revolution per minute and trust force per cutter(TFC), were set as inputs and TBM PR was selected as model output.Together with the mentioned six hybrid models, four single models i.e., artificial neural network, random forest regression, XGB and support vector regression were also built to estimate TBM PR for comparison purposes.These models were designed conducting several parametric studies on their most important parameters and then, their performance capacities were assessed through the use of root mean square error, coefficient of determination, mean absolute percentage error, and a10-index.Results of this study confirmed that the best predictive model of PR goes to the PSO-XGB technique with system error of(0.1453, and 0.1325), R~2 of(0.951, and 0.951), mean absolute percentage error(4.0689, and 3.8115), and a10-index of(0.9348, and 0.9496) in training and testing phases, respectively.The developed hybrid PSO-XGB can be introduced as an accurate, powerful and applicable technique in the field of TBM performance prediction.By conducting sensitivity analysis, it was found that UCS, BTS and TFC have the deepest impacts on the TBM PR.  相似文献   

A GIS‐based multi‐criteria seismic vulnerability assessment using the integration of granular computing rule extraction and artificial neural networks          下载免费PDF全文

Hossein Sheikhian  Mahmoud Reza Delavar  Alfred Stein 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(6):1237-1259

This study proposes multi‐criteria group decision‐making to address seismic physical vulnerability assessment. Granular computing rule extraction is combined with a feed forward artificial neural network to form a classifier capable of training a neural network on the basis of the rules provided by granular computing. It provides a transparent structure despite the traditional multi‐layer neural networks. It also allows the classifier to be applied on a set of rules for each incoming pattern. Drawbacks of original granular computing (GrC) are covered, where some input patterns remained unclassified. The study was applied to classify seismic vulnerability of the statistical units of the city of Tehran, Iran. Slope, seismic intensity, height and age of the buildings were effective parameters. Experts ranked 150 randomly selected sample statistical units with respect to their degree of seismic physical vulnerability. Inconsistency of the experts' judgments was investigated using the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator. Fifty‐five classification rules were extracted on which a neural network was based. An overall accuracy of 88%, κ = 0.85 and R² = 0.89 was achieved. A comparison with previously implemented methodologies proved the proposed method to be the most accurate solution to the seismic physical vulnerability of Tehran.  相似文献   

Risk assessment of agricultural water requirement based on a multi-model ensemble framework,southwest of Iran     

Zamani  Reza  Akhond-Ali  Ali-Mohammad  Roozbahani  Abbas  Fattahi  Rouhollah 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(3-4):1109-1121

Water shortage and climate change are the most important issues of sustainable agricultural and water resources development. Given the importance of water availability in crop production, the present study focused on risk assessment of climate change impact on agricultural water requirement in southwest of Iran, under two emission scenarios (A2 and B1) for the future period (2025–2054). A multi-model ensemble framework based on mean observed temperature-precipitation (MOTP) method and a combined probabilistic approach Long Ashton Research Station-Weather Generator (LARS-WG) and change factor (CF) have been used for downscaling to manage the uncertainty of outputs of 14 general circulation models (GCMs). The results showed an increasing temperature in all months and irregular changes of precipitation (either increasing or decreasing) in the future period. In addition, the results of the calculated annual net water requirement for all crops affected by climate change indicated an increase between 4 and 10 %. Furthermore, an increasing process is also expected regarding to the required water demand volume. The most and the least expected increase in the water demand volume is about 13 and 5 % for A2 and B1 scenarios, respectively. Considering the results and the limited water resources in the study area, it is crucial to provide water resources planning in order to reduce the negative effects of climate change. Therefore, the adaptation scenarios with the climate change related to crop pattern and water consumption should be taken into account.

  相似文献