Reflections on integrating operation and maintenance activities of offshore wind farms and mariculture     

T. Michler-Cieluch  G. Krause  B.H. Buck 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(1):57-68

Offshore waters are in a process of transition, revealing diverse and heterogenic interests in marine resources. This increasing complexity leads to limits in developing and managing the different and often spatially overlapping maritime activities independently of one another. On a showcase basis we discuss ways and manners as well as the preconditions of an offshore co-management approach for the fledgling actor groups offshore wind farmers and mariculturists. Both groups may benefit through the integration of operation and maintenance (O&M) activities. Their resources in terms of offers, needs and constraints characteristics and thereof deduced potentialities for interaction is a prerequisite for initiating a co-management process. This process is more likely to develop and succeed if an interface management that acts as a moderator, disclosing the interests of the actor groups and offering possibilities for concerted action, guides it. It is concluded that such an institutional arrangement may in the long term contribute to a sound methodological tool for a co-management approach between different offshore maritime sectors.  相似文献   

Validation of very high cloud droplet number concentrations in air masses transported thousands of kilometres over the ocean     

Bengt G. Martinsson  Göran Frank  Sven&#;Inge Cederfelt  Olle H. Berg  Besim Mentes  Giorgos Papaspiropoulos  Erik Swietlicki  Jingchuan Zhou  Michael Flynn  Keith N. Bower  Tom W. Choularton  Jyrki Mäkelä  Aki Virkkula  Rita Van Dingenen 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):801-814

The microstructure of orographic clouds related to the aerosol present was studied during the second Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE‐2). Very high cloud droplet number concentrations (almost 3000 cm⁻³) were observed. These high concentrations occurred when clouds formed on a hill slope at Tenerife in polluted air masses originating in Europe that had transported the order of 1000 km over the Atlantic Ocean. The validity of the measured droplet number concentrations was investigated by comparing with measurements of the aerosol upstream of the cloud and cloud interstitial aerosol. Guided by distributions of the ratios between the measurements, three criteria of typically 30% in maximum deviation were applied to the measurements to test their validity. Agreement was found for 88% of the cases. The validated data set spans droplet number concentrations of 150–3000 cm⁻³. The updraught velocity during the cloud formation was estimated to 2.2 m s⁻¹ by model calculations, which is typical of cumuliform clouds. The results of the present study are discussed in relation to cloud droplet number concentrations previously reported in the literature. The importance of promoting the mechanistic understanding of the aerosol/cloud interaction and the use of validation procedures of cloud microphysical parameters is stressed in relation to the assessment of the indirect climatic effect of aerosols.  相似文献   

Data sets for the Upper Penticton Creek watershed experiment: A paired-catchment study to support investigations of watershed response to forest dynamics and climatic variability in an inland snow-dominated region     

R. Dan Moore  Diana Allen  Lucy MacKenzie  David Spittlehouse  Rita Winkler 《水文研究》2021,35(10):e14391

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Adding our leaves: A community-wide perspective on research directions in ecohydrology     

Christina L. Tague  Shirley A. Papuga  Cynthia Gerlein-Safdi  Salli Dymond  Ryan R. Morrison  Elizabeth W. Boyer  Diego Riveros-Iregui  Elizabeth Agee  Bhavna Arora  Yannis G. Dialynas  Amy Hansen  Stefan Krause  Sylvain Kuppel  Steven P Loheide II  Stanislaus J. Schymanski  Samuel C Zipper 《水文研究》2020,34(7):1665-1673

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Evidence of correlations between nuclear decay rates and Earth–Sun distance     

Jere H. Jenkins  Ephraim Fischbach  John B. Buncher  John T. Gruenwald  Dennis E. Krause  Joshua J. Mattes 《Astroparticle Physics》2009,32(1):42-46

Unexplained periodic fluctuations in the decay rates of ³²Si and ²²⁶Ra have been reported by groups at Brookhaven National Laboratory (³²Si), and at the Physikalisch–Technische–Bundesanstalt in Germany (²²⁶Ra). We show from an analysis of the raw data in these experiments that the observed fluctuations are strongly correlated in time, not only with each other, but also with the time of year. We discuss both the possibility that these correlations arise from seasonal influences on the detection system, as well as the suggestion of an annual modulation of the decay rates themselves which vary with Earth–Sun distance.  相似文献   

The impact and rotational light curves of Comet 9P/Tempel 1     

Jean Manfroid  Damien Hutsemékers  Anita L. Cochran  William M. Jackson  Rita Schulz 《Icarus》2007,187(1):144-155

UVES and HIRES high-resolution spectra of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 are used to investigate the impact and rotational light curves of various species with a view toward building a simple model of the distribution and activity of the sources. The emission by OH, NH, CN, C₃, CH, C₂, NH₂, and OI, are analyzed, as well as the light scattered by the dust. It is found that a simple model reproduces fairly well the impact light curves of all species combining the production of the observed molecules and the expansion of the material throughout the slit. The impact light curves are consistent with velocities of 400-600 m/s. Their modeling requires a three-step dissociation sequence “Grand-Parent → Parent → Daughter” to produce the observed molecules. The rotational light curve for each species is explained in terms of a single model with three sources. The dust component can however not easily be explained that way.  相似文献   

Cyclone track forecasting based on satellite images using artificial neural networks     

Rita Kovordányi  Chandan Roy 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(6):513-521

Many places around the world are exposed to tropical cyclones and associated storm surges. In spite of massive efforts, a great number of people die each year as a result of cyclone events. To mitigate this damage, improved forecasting techniques must be developed. The technique presented here uses artificial neural networks to interpret NOAA-AVHRR satellite images. A multi-layer neural network, resembling the human visual system, was trained to forecast the movement of cyclones based on satellite images. The trained network produced correct directional forecast for 98% of test images, thus showing a good generalization capability. The results indicate that multi-layer neural networks could be further developed into an effective tool for cyclone track forecasting using various types of remote sensing data. Future work includes extension of the present network to handle a wide range of cyclones and to take into account supplementary information, such as wind speeds, water temperature, humidity, and air pressure.  相似文献   

Chemical enrichment of the intracluster medium by FR II radio sources     

D. Heath  M. Krause  P. Alexander 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,374(3):787-792

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Basin-wide hydrological system assessment under climate change scenarios through conceptual modelling     

Cenk Donmez  Suha Berberoglu  Ahmet Cilek  Peter Krause 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(8):915-938

ABSTRACT

Mediterranean region is identified as a primary hot-spot for climate change due to the expected temperature and rainfall changes. Understanding the potential impacts of climate change on the hydrology in these regions is an important task to develop long-term water management strategies. The aim of this study was to quantify the potential impacts of the climate changes on local hydrological quantities at the Goksu Watershed at the Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey as a case study. A set of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios were used as drivers for the conceptual hydrological model J2000 to investigate how the hydrological system and the underlying processes would respond to projected future climate conditions. The model was implemented to simulate daily hydrological quantities including runoff generation, Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) and soil-water balance for present (2005–2015) and future (up to 2100). The results indicated an increase of both precipitation and runoff throughout the region from January to March. The region showed a strong seasonally dependent runoff regime with higher flows during winter and spring and lower flows in summer and fall. The study provides a comparative methodology to include meteorological-hydrological modelling integration that can be feasible to assess the climate change impacts in mountainous regions.  相似文献   

Heavy metal distribution in different compartments of the northern North Sea and adjacent areas     

Dr. Michael Haarich  Wolfgang Kienz  Dr. Michael Krause  Dr. Gerd-Peter Zauke  Diether Schmidt 《Ocean Dynamics》1993,45(5):313-336

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