The circumstellar medium of the peculiar supernova SN1997ab     

Isabel Salamanca  Roberto Cid-Fernandes  Guillermo Tenorio-Tagle  Eduardo Telles  Roberto J. Terlevich  & Casiana Muñoz-Tuñón 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,300(2):L17-L21

We report the detection of the slow-moving wind into which the compact supernova remnant SN 1997ab is expanding. Echelle spectroscopy provides clear evidence for a well-resolved narrow (full width at zero intensity, FWZI ∼180 km s⁻¹) P Cygni profile, both in Hα and Hβ, superimposed on the broad emission lines of this compact supernova remnant. From theoretical arguments we know that the broad and strong emission lines imply a circumstellar density ( n  ≥ 10⁷ cm⁻³). This, together with our detection, implies a massive and slow stellar wind experienced by the progenitor star shortly prior to the explosion.  相似文献   

Star Formation in Circumnuclear Rings     

Ángeles I. Díaz  Mar Álvarez-Álvarez  Miguel Sánchez Portal  Elena Terlevich  Itziar Aretxaga  Roberto Terlevich 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,263(1-4):139-142

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Kinematics and Stellar Populations of Seyfert Galaxies     

Luis Jiménez-Benito  Angeles Díaz  Roberto Terlevich  Elena Terlevich 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,263(1-4):111-114

We have analyzed high signal-to-noise spectra of 10 active galaxies in order to investigate the stellar populations of these objects and the kinematics of the gas and stars in their nuclei. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effect of degassing on sulfur contents and δ34S values in Somma-Vesuvius magmas     

Luigi Marini  Valeria Chiappini  Roberto Cioni  G. Cortecci  E. Dinelli  Claudia Principe  Giorgio Ferrara 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,60(3):187-194

Sulfur contents and δ³⁴S values of Somma-Vesuvius magmas are consistent with syneruptive, open-system degassing at temperatures of 800–850°C for Plinian pumices and 1100–1200°C for lavas. The extent of degassing appears to be greater in lavas than in pumices. The key parameter controlling the ³⁴S/³²S ratio of Somma-Vesuvius volcanics is the average magma oxidation state, which generally varies from 0.85 to 1.20 Δ NNO units for lavas and from 1.20 to 1.40 Δ NNO units for pumices. Consequently, S contents and δ³⁴S values of magmas constitute a potentially valuable tool in estimating their average redox conditions. The results of this study may help in risk mitigation when the Vesuvius magmatic system evolves toward eruptive conditions. Received: 20 January 1998 / Accepted: 5 May 1998  相似文献   

Jadeite with the Ca-Eskola molecule from an ultra-high pressure metagranodiorite, Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps     

Marco Bruno  Roberto Compagnoni  Takao Hirajima  Marco Rubbo 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,142(5):515-519

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Thermal, seismic and infrasonic evidences of variable degassing rates at Stromboli volcano     

Maurizio Ripepe  Andrew J. L. Harris  Roberto Carniel 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,118(3-4)

During June 1999, we measured the amplitude and rate (number of events per second) at which gas exited the vent at Stromboli volcano as discrete gas bursts or puffs. This allowed us to identify two styles of gas burst (puffing) activity. The first is characterized by frequent, rapidly rising puffs, the second by less frequent, slowly rising puffs. Each style persisted over 5–40-min-long durations and was associated with a high and low number of strombolian explosions per hour, respectively. Each period was also associated with characteristic delay times between the arrival of the infrasonic and thermal signals during strombolian explosions; the delays were longer during vigorous puffing periods. To explain our observations, we propose a model in which the degassing process cycles between vigorous and weak degassing phases. During vigorous degassing phases, bubble layers ascend the conduit at a frequency of 0.5–1.0 s⁻¹. This high degassing level reflects a gas-rich magma column and leads to an increased rate in the formation of shallow foams and, hence, an increase in puffing and explosive activity, as well as a higher free surface level and/or gas jet velocity. During weak phases, bubble layers ascend the conduit at a reduced frequency of 0.2–0.3 s⁻¹. During such times the magma column is poor in gas. This leads to a decreased rate of foam layer formation and hence a reduction in puffing and explosive activity, as well as a lower free surface level and/or gas jet velocity. Variations in puffing activity can thus be used to track changes in the rate at which the shallow system is supplied by fresh, gas-rich magma. Our observations indicate that the two degassing styles last from 5 to 40 min and that the switch from one to the other occurs over a matter of minutes.  相似文献   

Palaeomagnetic data on the andesitic cover of the Sesia-Lanzo Zone (Western Alps)     

Roberto Lanza 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1979,68(1):83-92

The remanent magnetization of the andesitic cover of the Sesia-Lanzo Zone has been studied from 16 sites along three transversal sections. The remanent magnetization of the rock is stable and it appears to be primary after a conglomerate test. The mean direction of magnetization is consistent for all sites, but for one exception, with satisfactory values of statistical parameters. Therefore no deformation structures postdating the acquisition of remanent magnetization can be inferred from palaeomagnetic data. The mean direction of magnetization (11 sites, 152 specimens) is: D=135.9, I=–2.9, with ₉₅=8.8. No tectonic correction can yet be made.

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Zusammenfassung Die natürliche remanente Magnetisierung der Andesiten, die die Bedeckung der Sesia-Lanzo Zone bilden, ist an 16 Orten gemessen worden, die entlang drei Querdurchschnitten liegen. Das Gestein besitzt eine stabile NRM, die auf Grund eines Konglomeratstest die ursprüngliche sein müßte. Alle Orte, die annehmbare statistische Werte aufweisen, außer einem, haben die gleiche Magnetisierungsrichtung. Die paläomagnetischen Messungen zeigen keine Strukturen aufeinanderfolgender Deformation bei dem Magnetisierungsvorgang. Die durchschnittliche Magnetisierungsrichtung (11 Orte, 152 Gesteinsproben) ist: D = 135,9, I = –2,9, mit ₉₅ = 8,8. Keine tektonische Korrektur wird bisher eingerechnet.

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Résumé L'aimantation rémanente des andésites qui constituent la couverture de la Zone Sesia-Lanzo a été mesurée en 16 endroits disposés le long de trois sections transversales. La roche a une aimantation rémanente stable, qui, d'après le test du conglomérat, devrait être originelle. Tous les endroits qui présentent des valeurs statistiques acceptables ont, sauf un, la même direction d'aimantation. Les mesures paléomagnétiques ne révèlent donc pas de structures de déformation consécutive à l'acquisition de l'aimantation rémanente. La direction moyenne de l'aimantation (11 sites, 152 échantillons) est: D=135.9, I=–2.9 avec ₉₅=8.8. On n'a pas apporté, pour l'instant, de correction tectonique.

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, Sesia-Lanzo, 16- , . , , , . , , , . , . (11 , 152 ) : D=135,9; =–2,9 ₉₅=8,8. .

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Magma supply, magma discharge and readjustment of the feeding system of mount St. Helens during 1980     

Roberto Scandone  Stephen D. Malone 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1985,23(3-4)

The landslide and cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 triggered a sequence of explosive eruptions over the following five months. The volume of explosive products from each of these eruptions decreased uniformly over this period, and the character for each eruption progressed from a fairly continuous eruption lasting more than eight hours on May 18 to a series of short bursts, some of which were spaced 12 hours apart, on October 16–18. The transition in the character of these eruption sequences can be explained by a difference between the magma supply rate and the magma discharge rate from a shallow reservoir.The magma supply rate (MSR) is the rate with which magma is supplied to the level where disruption due to vesiculation occurs. It is determined by dividing the dense-rock-equivalent volume of eruptive products by the total duration of each eruption sequence. The magma discharge rate (MDR) is the rate with which the disrupted magma is discharged through the vent. It is determined by dividing the volume of erupted products by the duration of each explosive burst. The relative magnitude of these two quantities controls the temporal evolution of an explosive event. When MDRMSR the explosive phase of the eruption lasts for several hours as a single continuous event. When MDR>MSR, an eruption is characterized by a series of short explosive bursts at intervals of several minutes to several days. The MSR of the eruptions of 1980 decreased with time from 5500 m' s⁻¹ on May 18 to 7 m³ s⁻² on October 16–18 and approximately fits an exponential decay. The MDR for the same events remained approximately constant at 2000 m³ s⁻¹. Each explosive event has been followed by an aftershock-like series of earthquakes located beneath the volcano at depth mostly between 7 and 14 km. The seismic energy released during each of these series is proportional to the corresponding volume of erupted magma. Deformation data between June and November, 1980 indicate a subsidence of the volcanic structure which can be modeled by a volume collapse of 0.25 km³ located at 9 km depth.We propose a model in which magma is supplied from depths of 7–14 km through a narrow conduit during each eruption. It erupts to the surface at a uniform rate during each eruption. The deep seismic activity following each eruption is related to a readjustment and volume decrease in the deep feeding system. The decrease of the MSR over time is explained by an increase in the viscosity of a progressively water-depleted magma. The amount of water necessary to explain the observed decrease of the MSR is of the order of 4.6%.  相似文献   

Determination of a shallow velocity–depth model from seismic refraction data by coherence inversion1     

Evgeny Landa  Shemer Keydar  Alex Kravtcov 《Geophysical Prospecting》1995,43(2):177-190

Seismic refractions have different applications in seismic prospecting. The travel- times of refracted waves can be observed as first breaks on shot records and used for field static calculation. A new method for constructing a near-surface model from refraction events is described. It does not require event picking on prestack records and is not based on any approximation of arrival times. It consists of the maximization of the semblance coherence measure computed using shot gathers in a time window along refraction traveltimes. Time curves are generated by ray tracing through the model. The initial model for the inversion was constructed by the intercept-time method. Apparent velocities and intercept times were taken from a refraction stacked section. Such a section can be obtained by appling linea moveout corrections to common-shot records. The technique is tested successfully on synthetic and real data. An important application of the proposed method for solving the statics problem is demonstrated.  相似文献   

Oblique rifting in Salina, Lipari and Vulcano islands (Aeolian islands, southern Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Roberto Mazzuoli  Luigi Tortorici  Guido Ventura 《地学学报》1995,7(4):444-452

A structural analysis carried out on the volcanic products of the islands of Salina, Lipari and Vulcano (Aeolian archipelago) points out that the large-scale tectonic setting is dominated by NW-SE trending right-lateral extensional strike-slip faults and by N-S to NE-SW trending normal faults and fractures. This fault pattern generates pull-apart type structures, developing between different right-hand overlapping fault segments and a characteristic extensional imbricate fan geometry at the tip of the major strike-slip faults. All the structures, representing the surface expression of an active crustal discontinuity which controls the evolutionary history of the magmatism of the three islands, are kinematically compatible with a N100°E extension related to a rifting process affecting southern Italy.  相似文献