Inter- and intra-annual patterns of Ulva prolifera green tides in the Yellow Sea during 2007-2009, their origin and relationship to the expansion of coastal seaweed aquaculture in China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Keesing JK  Liu D  Fearns P  Garcia R 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(6):1169-1182

The large green-tide events that occurred in the Yellow Sea in 2008 (3489 km²) and 2009 (4994 km²) are shown to be novel events preceded only once by a much smaller event in 2007 (82 km²). The blooms originated in the coastal area of Jiangsu province and spread north-east towards the Shandong Peninsula. The blooms grew at different rates and mesoscale variability in surface winds explained the differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of blooms in 2008 and 2009. The 2009 bloom was tracked to its origin immediately offshore of extensive intertidal flats between Yancheng and Nantong where recent rapid expansion of Porphyra aquaculture has occurred. We review published hypotheses which have been advanced to explain the occurrence of blooms and in light of our findings, we conclude that the accumulation and disposal of waste Ulva prolifera from Porphyra aquaculture rafts is the most likely cause of the blooms.  相似文献   

Methane in shallow cold seeps at Mocha Island off central Chile     

Gerdhard L. JessenSilvio Pantoja  Marcelo A. GutiérrezRenato A. Quiñones  Rodrigo R. GonzálezJavier Sellanes  Matthias Y. KellermannKai-Uwe Hinrichs 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(6):574-581

We studied for the first time the intertidal and subtidal gas seepage system in Mocha Island off Central Chile. Four main seepage sites were investigated (of which one site included about 150 bubbling points) that release from 150 to 240 tonnes CH₄ into the atmosphere per year. The total amount of methane emitted into the atmosphere is estimated in the order of 800 tonnes per year. The gases emanated from the seeps contain 70% methane, and the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane, δ¹³C-CH₄ averaged −44.4±1.4‰ which indicates a major contribution of thermogenic gas. Adjacent to one of the subtidal seeps, rocky substrates support a diverse community of microbial filaments, macroalgae, and benthic organisms. While stable carbon isotopic compositions of marine benthic organisms indicate a dominant photosynthesis-based food web, those of some hard-substrate invertebrates were in the range −48.8‰ to −36.8‰, suggesting assimilation of methane-derived carbon by some selected taxa. This work highlights the potential subsidy of the trophic web by CH₄-C, and that its emission to the atmosphere justifies the need of evaluating the use of methane to support the energy requirements of the local community.  相似文献   

Geoacoustic character,sedimentology and chronology of a cross-shelf Holocene sediment deposit off Cabo Frio,Brazil (southwest Atlantic Ocean)     

Ursula Mendoza  Arthur Ayres Neto  Rodrigo C. Abuchacra  Cátia Fernandes Barbosa  Alberto G. Figueiredo Jr.  Manoela C. Gomes  Andre L. Belem  Ramsés Capilla  Ana Luiza S. Albuquerque 《Geo-Marine Letters》2014,34(4):297-314

The Cabo Frio region in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeast coast of Brazil, is characterized by a local coastal upwelling system and converging littoral sediment transport systems that are deflected offshore at Cabo Frio, as a consequence of which a thick cross-shelf sediment deposit has developed over time. To investigate the evolution of this muddy deposit, geophysical, sedimentological and geochemical data from four sediment cores (3.8–4.1 m in length) recovered in water depths between 88 and 141 m were analyzed. The high-resolution seismic data show variable sediment thicknesses ranging from 1 to 20 m, comprising two sedimentary units separated by a high-impedance layer at a depth of about 10 m below the seafloor at the coring sites. According to the available age datings, the upper sedimentary unit is late Pleistocene to Holocene in age, whereas the lower unit (not dated) must, by implication, be entirely Pleistocene in age. The boomer-seismic reflection signal can be divided into three echo-types, namely transparent (inner shelf), stratified (middle shelf) and reflective (outer shelf), each type seemingly related to the local sediment composition. The upper 4 m of the upper sedimentary unit is dominated by silty sediment on the middle shelf, and by upward-fining sediments (silty sand to sandy silt) on the inner and outer shelf. The downcore trends of P-wave velocity, gamma-ray density and acoustic impedance are largely similar, but generally reversed to those of water and organic carbon contents. Total organic carbon contents increase with decreasing mean grain size, periodic fluctuations suggesting temporal changes in the regional hydrodynamics and primary productivity fuelled by the local upwelling system. The reconstruction of sedimentation rates in the course of the Holocene is based on 35 AMS age datings of organic material recovered from variable downcore depths. These range from a maximum of 13.3 cm/decade near the base of the inner shelf core (7.73–7.70 ka BP) to generally very low values (<0.11 cm/century) over the last thousand years in all cores. Over the last 6 ka there appear to have been three distinct sedimentation peaks, one between 6 and 5 ka BP, another between 4 and 3 ka PB, and one around 1 ka BP. Due to different time intervals between dates, not every peak is equally well resolved in all four cores. Based on the similar sedimentology of the inner and outer shelf cores, an essentially identical sedimentation model is proposed to have been active in both cases, albeit at different times. Thus, already during the last glacial maximum, alongshore sediment transport was deflected offshore by a change in shoreline orientation caused by the Cabo Frio structural high. The source of terrigenous material was probably a barrier-island complex that was subsequently displaced landward in the course of sea-level rise until it stabilized some 6.5 ka BP along the modern coast.  相似文献   

Role of shellfish hatchery as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant bacteria     

Claudio D. Miranda  Rodrigo Rojas  Marcela Garrido  Julieta Geisse  Gerardo González 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

The main aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of resistant bacteria in florfenicol-treated and untreated scallop larval cultures from a commercial hatchery and to characterize some selected florfenicol-resistant strains. Larval cultures from untreated and treated rearing tanks exhibited percentages of copiotrophic bacteria resistant to florfenicol ranging from 0.03% to 10.67% and 0.49–18.34%, respectively, whereas florfenicol resistance among oligotrophic bacteria varied from 1.44% to 35.50% and 3.62–95.71%, from untreated and treated larvae, respectively. Florfenicol resistant microbiota from reared scallop larvae mainly belonged to the Pseudomonas and Pseudoalteromonas genus and were mainly resistant to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and co-trimoxazole. This is the first study reporting antimicrobial resistant bacteria associated to a shellfish hatchery and the results suggest that a continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance even in absence of antibacterial therapy is urgently required to evaluate potential undesirable consequences on the surrounding environments.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton response to pH rise in a N-limited floodplain lake: relevance of N2-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria     

Fernando Unrein  Inés O’Farrell  Irina Izaguirre  Rodrigo Sinistro  María dos Santos Afonso  Guillermo Tell 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(2):179-190

Phosphorus has been traditionally regarded as the controlling nutrient for phytoplankton growth, however, N-limitation is likely to occur in several environments. For example, nitrogen is considered the main nutrient limiting phytoplankton in floodplain lakes of the Paraná River basin. However, N₂-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria (N₂-cyano) are usually absent in these water bodies. The low pH values frequently found may limit the development of these algae. We hypothesise that long-term lake isolation allows conspicuous phytoplankton growth during summer, resulting in high photosynthetic rates and pH. This scenario combined with low DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) would favour the development of N₂-cyano. Phytoplankton composition was studied during 16 months in a vegetated and isolated floodplain lake in the Paraná basin. Additionally, pH was artificially increased in in situ mesocosms to test effects on phytoplankton structure. Lake phytoplankton was dominated by flagellates (cryptophytes and euglenophytes) and small coccoid algae (chlorophytes and colonial cyanobacteria). Algal biomass was highest during warm periods. Although pH increased up to 8.8 during the second summer period, N₂-cyano remained rare, most likely because of the high DIN concentration recorded. The alkalophilic diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana dominated and was positively correlated with pH. Conversely, PO₄⁼ concentrations in the mesocosm experiment were high and DIN remained relatively low. pH enhancement in the treated mesocosms (avg. pH = 8.2) promoted the development of N₂-cyano (Anabaena spp.) and C. meneghiniana, which after 1 month of incubation accounted together for 50% of the biomass in contrast to less than 1.6% in control containers. Our results support the hypothesis that during the warm season and under low DIN concentration, high pH favours N₂-cyano growth in these lakes. We provide new evidence supporting the idea that even under optimal nutrient conditions, N₂-cyano do not thrive unless other requirements are satisfied.  相似文献   

Confirmation and characterization of neglected WDS systems using Gaia data release 3 and the virtual observatory     

E. Solano  I. Novalbos  A. J. Ros  M. Cortés-Contreras  C. Rodrigo 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2023,344(10):e20230116

The aim of this article is making use of the Gaia DR3 catalogue and virtual observatory tools, to confirm and characterize 428 binary and multiple stellar systems classified as neglected (only one observation) in the Washington Double Star Catalogue (WDS). The components of the stellar systems have the same parallax and proper motion (within the errors) and are separated by less than 50,000 AU, which minimizes the number of by-chance counterparts. Effective temperatures calculated using VOSA were used to estimate stellar masses. Binding energies were calculated for 42 binary systems confirming they are physical pairs. Also we found 75 pairs with F/G- M spectral types, which are very interesting to improve the determination of the metallicity of the M star from the higher mass component.  相似文献   

Tropical and Extra-Tropical Influences on the Distribution of Free Tropospheric Humidity Over the Intertropical Belt     

Rémy Roca  Rodrigo Guzman  Julien Lemond  Joke Meijer  Laurence Picon  Hélène Brogniez 《Surveys in Geophysics》2012,33(3-4):565-583

Free tropospheric humidity (FTH) is a key parameter of the radiation budget of the Earth. In particular, its distribution over the intertropical belt has been identified as an important contributor to the water vapour feedback. Idealized radiative transfer computations are performed to underscore the need to consider the whole probability distribution function (PDF) rather than the arithmetical mean of the FTH. The analysis confirmed the overwhelming role of the dry end of the PDF in the radiative perturbation of the top of atmosphere longwave budget. The physical and dynamical processes responsible for the maintenance of this dry part of the FTH distribution are reviewed, and the lateral mixing between the tropics and the extra-tropics is revealed as a major element of the dry air dynamics. The evolution of this lateral mixing in the framework of the global warming is discussed, and perspectives of work are listed as a mean of a conclusion.  相似文献   

Sources, loads and dispersion of dissolved inorganic nutrients in Paranaguá Bay     

Byanka Damian Mizerkowski  Karl-J. Hesse  Norbert Ladwig  Eunice da Costa Machado  Rodrigo Rosa  Taiana Araujo  Daniela Koch 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(10-12):1409-1424

The present study focuses on the nutrient sources and gradients in Paranaguá Bay (Southern Brazil), where nutrient inputs are related to losses from fertilizer loading in Paranaguá harbour and the discharge of untreated waste water. The input of dissolved inorganic nutrients to the bay from the harbour and city, as well as from river and atmospheric deposition, amounted to 642?t?year^?1 DIN-N and 92?t?year^?1 PO₄-P. Harbour losses accounted for 6?% of total DIN-N and 39?% of total PO₄-P loads to the bay, whereas sewage inputs from the city were responsible for 21?% and 22?%, respectively. River inputs made up 68?% of DIN-N, mainly in the form of nitrate, and 35?% of PO₄-P loads, while atmospheric wet deposition was estimated to be in the order of 5?% of DIN-N and 4?% of PO₄-P loads. Local maxima in nutrient levels deriving from highly concentrated sewage discharge were observed in front of the harbour and city of Paranaguá, but the plumes are diluted rapidly due to short residence times. DIN concentrations are negatively correlated with salinity, indicating the importance of freshwater input as a main factor controlling nitrogen distribution. Elevated phosphate levels in the stratified middle section of the bay may result both from harbour emissions and phosphate remobilization from sediments. Generally lower DIN and PO₄ concentrations during the warmer rainy season are supposed to be due to intensified assimilation rates especially in the middle section of the bay where dense phytoplankton blooms are observed. The bay as a whole cannot be classified as being seriously eutrophic, albeit eutrophication symptoms prevail in some restricted locations in front of Paranaguá harbour.  相似文献   

Sources,loads and dispersion of dissolved inorganic nutrients in Paranaguá Bay     

Mizerkowski  Byanka Damian  Hesse  Karl-J.  Ladwig  Norbert  da Costa Machado  Eunice  Rosa  Rodrigo  Araujo  Taiana  Koch  Daniela 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(10):1409-1424

The present study focuses on the nutrient sources and gradients in Paranaguá Bay (Southern Brazil), where nutrient inputs are related to losses from fertilizer loading in Paranaguá harbour and the discharge of untreated waste water. The input of dissolved inorganic nutrients to the bay from the harbour and city, as well as from river and atmospheric deposition, amounted to 642 t year⁻¹ DIN-N and 92 t year⁻¹ PO₄-P. Harbour losses accounted for 6 % of total DIN-N and 39 % of total PO₄-P loads to the bay, whereas sewage inputs from the city were responsible for 21 % and 22 %, respectively. River inputs made up 68 % of DIN-N, mainly in the form of nitrate, and 35 % of PO₄-P loads, while atmospheric wet deposition was estimated to be in the order of 5 % of DIN-N and 4 % of PO₄-P loads. Local maxima in nutrient levels deriving from highly concentrated sewage discharge were observed in front of the harbour and city of Paranaguá, but the plumes are diluted rapidly due to short residence times. DIN concentrations are negatively correlated with salinity, indicating the importance of freshwater input as a main factor controlling nitrogen distribution. Elevated phosphate levels in the stratified middle section of the bay may result both from harbour emissions and phosphate remobilization from sediments. Generally lower DIN and PO₄ concentrations during the warmer rainy season are supposed to be due to intensified assimilation rates especially in the middle section of the bay where dense phytoplankton blooms are observed. The bay as a whole cannot be classified as being seriously eutrophic, albeit eutrophication symptoms prevail in some restricted locations in front of Paranaguá harbour.

  相似文献   

Dynamic characteristics and seismic behavior of prefabricated steel stairs in a full‐scale five‐story building shake table test program          下载免费PDF全文

Xiang Wang  Rodrigo Astroza  Tara C. Hutchinson  Joel P. Conte  José I. Restrepo 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(14):2507-2527

This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics and seismic behavior of prefabricated steel stairs in a full‐scale five‐story building shake table test program. The test building was subjected to a suite of earthquake input motions and low‐amplitude white noise base excitations first, while the building was isolated at its base, and subsequently while it was fixed to the shake table platen. This paper presents the modal characteristics of the stairs identified using the data recorded from white noise base excitation tests as well as the physical and measured responses of the stairs from the earthquake tests. The observed damage to the stairs is categorized into three distinct damage states and is correlated with the interstory drift demands of the building. These shake table tests highlight the seismic vulnerability of modern designed stair systems and in particular identifies as a key research need the importance of improving the deformability of flight‐to‐building connections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献