水中荧光计在高混浊水域中的混合扩散实验应用     

夏达英  苗禄田  胡福辰  朱儒弟  边洪村 《海岸工程》1997,(2)

为了研究长江水域污染物质的输运和扩散规律，作者利用研制成功的水中荧光计在该水域进行了混合扩散实验。该仪器在高混浊水作中对罗丹明B的浓度检测范围为1×10－9～5×10-5g／cm3，精确度≤±10％。本文着重论述使用水中荧光计和荧光示踪染料在流速大、混浊度高的长江九江江段和镇江江段进行水体混合扩散测量实验的情况，结果令人满意，为我国的高混浊水体混合扩散实验研究提供了新的手段和方法。  相似文献   

The visco-resistive stability of arcades in the corona of the Sun     

E. Bogaert  M. Goossens 《Solar physics》1991,132(1):109-124

The stability of ballooning modes in coronal arcades is studied using linear visco-resistive MHD. Rigid wall conditions are adopted for modelling the photospheric line-tying of the magnetic field. The full Braginskii viscosity stress tensor is used and particular attention is given to the effect of the viscosity coefficient ₃ which was left out of an earlier investigation by Van der Linden, Goossens, and Hood (1987, 1988). The numerical results for shearless arcades show that the coefficient ₃ has a stabilizing effect. However, for realistic values of the equilibrium quantities the stabilizing effect by ₃ can be neglected in comparison with the strong stabilizing effect of the perpendicular viscosity. The effect of magnetic field strength and mode number on stability are determined. In particular it is found that there exists a critical field strength for every mode number such that the mode is stable for weaker fields and unstable for stronger fields.  相似文献   

Effect of soil crusting on the emission and transport of wind-eroded sediment: field measurements on loamy sandy soil   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Dirk Goossens   《Geomorphology》2004,58(1-4):145-160

Field data are reported for the horizontal and vertical flux of wind-eroded sediment on an agricultural field in northern Germany. Measurements were made during a windstorm that hit the region on 18 May 1999. The magnitude of both fluxes was significantly affected by the presence of a surface crust covering the test field. Measuring the physical crust strength at 45 locations with a torvane, the relationships between crust strength (τ) and the horizontal (F_h) and vertical (F_v) sediment fluxes were investigated. Both fluxes decreased as the surface crust became stronger. The decay behaved as an exponential function for both types of flux. The horizontal sediment flux over a crusted surface can be accurately predicted by completing Marticorena and Bergametti's [Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (1995) 16415] erosion model with a crust function. The vertical particle flux over crusted soil can be calculated by adding a similar function to Alfaro and Gomes's [Journal of Geophysical Research 106D (2001) 18075] dust production model. The study also suggests that the gradual bombardment of a surface crust by impacting particles does not immediately result in a decay of the crust's protective effect, provided that the crust has a minimum thickness. However, once the crust becomes perforated, its protective effect disappears very quickly, leading to much higher horizontal and vertical sediment fluxes than predicted for undamaged crusted soil.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the LISEM soil erosion model in two catchments in the East African Highlands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rudi Hessel  Rik van den Bosch  Olga Vigiak 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(4):469-486

Under increasing population pressure, soil erosion has become a threat in the East African Highlands, and erosion modelling can be useful to quantify this threat. To test its applicability for this region, the LISEM soil erosion model was applied to two small catchments, one in the Usumbara Mountains, Tanzania, and the other on the slopes of Mount Kenya. Input data for the model were collected in both catchments, as were data on runoff and erosion that were used for calibration and validation of the model. LISEM was first calibrated on catchment outlet data, and afterwards simulated spatial patterns of erosion were compared to available erosion data. The results showed that LISEM can, after calibration, give good discharge predictions for some events, but not for all. However, LISEM generally overpredicted soil loss from the catchments. Comparison with observed erosion patterns did not show overprediction, but according to the model, erosion was more widespread than was observed. There are several reasons for these discrepancies. First, it is difficult to obtain enough accurate data to run the model, such as accurate maps, rainfall data and soil and plant characteristics. Second, it is also difficult to obtain accurate data to evaluate the performance of the model, either for the catchment outlet or spatially, therefore observed erosion rates are also uncertain. Third, the model could not deal correctly with complex events, i.e. those having double rainfall peaks, and might also have difficulties with catchment characteristics such as soil type and the complexity of land use. Finally, LISEM could not deal with events in which throughflow or baseflow played a role, which was to be expected since those processes are not simulated by LISEM. Nevertheless, LISEM could be calibrated to give good discharge predictions for some events, and also gave reasonable results when compared to data obtained from erosion plots. Furthermore, only complex, distributed, storm‐based models such as LISEM can give spatial predictions for single storms. Therefore, it is concluded that if the aim is spatial prediction on an event basis, there is no alternative to complex erosion models such as LISEM, but if the aim is to predict average annual erosion, the data‐demanding, physically based LISEM erosion model may not be the most appropriate model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Consequences of hyperconcentrated flow for process‐based soil erosion modelling on the Chinese Loess Plateau     

Rudi Hessel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(9):1100-1114

High sediment concentrations in runoff are a characteristic feature of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and are probably caused by factors such as the occurrence of erodible materials on steep slopes, the characteristics of the loess and the harsh climate that results in low plant cover. When sediment concentration increases, fluid density increases, viscosity increases and settling velocity decreases. These effects become increasingly important with increasing concentration and can result in flow behaviour that is quite different from that of clear water flow. Although the net effect of these changes on the flow is not always apparent, erosion models that deal with high sediment concentrations should consider such effects and could include corrections for some of these effects. A case study in a small catchment on the Loess Plateau indicated that sediment concentrations were considerable, and literature data suggested that for such sediment concentrations, corrections for settling velocity, fluid density and viscosity are needed. Furthermore, a number of corrections are necessary to be able to compare field measurements with results of soil erosion models: sediment volume should be subtracted from runoff volume and a density correction is needed to use data from a pressure transducer. For flumes that were used to measure discharge from smaller areas inside the catchment, the measured water level should be corrected by subtracting the sediment level in the flume from the water level, while the sediment volume should also be subtracted from the discharge. Finally, measured concentration should be corrected to give concentration expressed as grams per litre of clear water, since soil erosion models express sediment concentration in this way. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Book review     

Pierre J. Goossens 《Mineralium Deposita》1985,20(1):42-42

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Total resonant absorption of acoustic oscillations in sunspots     

Hilde Stenuit  Stefaan Poedts  Marcel Goossens 《Solar physics》1993,147(1):13-28

The question of total resonant absorption of acoustic oscillations in sunspots is studied for cylindrical 1-D flux tubes that are stratified only in the radial direction and surrounded by a uniform, non-magnetic plasma. The numerical investigation of Goossens and Poedts (1992) in linear resistive MHD is taken further by increasing the strength of the azimuthal magnetic field in the equilibrium flux tubes. For relatively strong azimuthal magnetic fields, total absorption is found over a relatively wide range of spot radii.  相似文献   

Gravity modes in composite polytropic stars     

M. Goossens  P. Smeyers 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1974,26(1):137-151

We study gravity modes of composite polytropic stars which consist of two convectively stable zones separated by a convectively unstable zone. In addition to the unstable gravity modes associated with the intermediate zone, we distinguish two types of stable gravity modes, one type being mainly associated with the core, the other one being mainly associated with the envelope. We find also some accidental resonances between the core and the envelope.  相似文献   

Orbit determination of the SELENE satellites using multi-satellite data types and evaluation of SELENE gravity field models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Goossens  K. Matsumoto  D. D. Rowlands  F. G. Lemoine  H. Noda  H. Araki 《Journal of Geodesy》2011,85(8):487-504

The SELENE mission, consisting of three separate satellites that use different terrestrial-based tracking systems, presents a unique opportunity to evaluate the contribution of these tracking systems to orbit determination precision. The tracking data consist of four-way Doppler between the main orbiter and one of the two sub-satellites while the former is over the far side, and of same-beam differential VLBI tracking between the two sub-satellites. Laser altimeter data are also used for orbit determination. The contribution to orbit precision of these different data types is investigated through orbit overlap analysis. It is shown that using four-way and VLBI data improves orbit consistency for all satellites involved by reducing peak values in orbit overlap differences that exist when only standard two-way Doppler and range data are used. Including laser altimeter data improves the orbit precision of the SELENE main satellite further, resulting in very smooth total orbit errors at an average level of 18 m. The multi-satellite data have also resulted in improved lunar gravity field models, which are assessed through orbit overlap analysis using Lunar Prospector tracking data. Improvements over a pre-SELENE model are shown to be mostly in the along-track and cross-track directions. Orbit overlap differences are at a level between 13 and 21 m with the SELENE models, depending on whether 1-day data overlaps or 1-day predictions are used.  相似文献   

On poloidal mode coupling in the continuous spectrum of 2D equilibria     

Stefaan Poedts  Marcel Goossens 《Solar physics》1991,133(2):281-311

The continuous spectrum of linear ideal MHD is determined analytically in 2D magnetostatic models for coronal loops and arcades by means of a perturbation expansion. Poloidal mode coupling, induced by non-circularity of the cross-sections of the magnetic surfaces and/or variation of the plasma density along the magnetic field lines, is shown to occur in first order. The coupling is most pronounced on and near rational surfaces for particular poloidal and toroidal mode numbers and produces gaps in the continuous spectrum of ideal MHD.  相似文献