青藏高原气候演变的湖相沉积有机地球化学记录——以兹格塘错为例     

金传芳  李世杰  陈炜  曹长群 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(4):625-633,607

为探究青藏高原全新世夏季风最强、气候最湿润阶段这一争论议题,本文应用气相色谱仪(GC-FID)和气相色谱-高温热转变-同位素比值质谱仪(GC-TC-IRMS),分析了兹格塘错沉积岩心正构烷烃及其氢同位素特征。结果表明,兹格塘错岩心中主要以n-C15/16/17为主峰碳的短链正构烷烃占据主导地位,指示了湖泊自生浮游藻类与菌类等低等生物对湖泊沉积岩心中的有机质贡献高于大型水生植物和陆生高等植物表皮蜡质所产生的有机质。基于正构烷烃参数(如:碳优势指数CPI值和平均碳链长度ACL值)及单体氢同位素比值在时间序列上的变化特征,指出兹格塘错流域的气候湿润期处于中全新世(5.8~2.7 cal ka BP),明显滞后于早全新世的太阳辐射最强期,这主要归结于该流域冰川融水补给的匮乏及局地环流的影响。  相似文献   

云南抚仙湖沉积物有机质来源与时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋以龙  陈敬安  杨海全  丁薇  陶红波  罗婧  王敬富 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(4):618-624,607

为揭示抚仙湖沉积物总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)的时空分布特征及其主要来源,对抚仙湖表层沉积物和沉积物柱芯的TOC、TN和有机碳同位素组成(δ13Corg)进行了分析。结果表明,表层沉积物的TOC和TN含量分别为2.02%~3.40%和0.16%~0.36%;沉积物柱芯的TOC和TN含量分别为0.41%~6.63%和0.08%~0.77%,呈现出北湖高南湖低、表层高底部低的分布特征。内源有机质是抚仙湖沉积物中有机质的主要来源,不同湖区外源有机质的输入差异明显,其中南湖沉积物有机质中陆源比例较高。沉积物柱芯C/N值从底部到表层逐步增大,表明抚仙湖沉积物有机质中陆源有机质所占比例持续增加。与内源有机质相比,外源有机质输入增加更快,指示流域内人为活动增强导致流域侵蚀和水土流失加剧。  相似文献   

松辽盆地白垩系浅水湖泊三角洲沉积微相研究——以大庆杏树岗油田杏三区东部葡Ⅰ1-3小层为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

冯旭东  张东  林春明  张霞  刘威  于进  李葳 《沉积与特提斯地质》2016,36(2):1-10

根据密井网测井、录井以及其它分析化验资料,结合区域地质背景,对松辽盆地杏树岗油田杏三区东部白垩系姚家组一段葡萄花Ⅰ组油层1-3小层(葡Ⅰ1-3小层)沉积微相类型、特征、组合模式和不同地质时期沉积微相平面展布特征及其演化规律进行系统的研究。结果表明,葡Ⅰ1-3小层为浅水湖泊三角洲沉积,主要发育三角洲分流平原和三角洲内前缘2种沉积亚相,含11种沉积微相,具有不同的沉积特征和测井相模式;利用自然电位曲线幅变值和砂体厚度,有效识别天然堤、水上决口沉积、溢岸薄层砂3种有成因联系、测井曲线形态类似的沉积微相;进一步根据各沉积微相的测井曲线形态组合、沉积成因及沉积作用的不同,总结出7种沉积微相组合模式。葡Ⅰ1-3小层沉积演化经历了早期湖退、中期稳定、晚期湖侵3个阶段,不同时期的沉积特征、沉积微相展布各异,总体表现出湖盆发育规模由大变小,再变大,骨架砂体厚度和理想钻遇率逐渐减小的特点。  相似文献   

新疆春风油田石炭系火山岩岩性特征及测井识别方法          下载免费PDF全文

黄习习  金强  明玉坤  王伟  程付启 《沉积与特提斯地质》2016,36(4):37-43

不同岩性的火山岩其储集性能差异甚远,准确识别火山岩岩性对于火山岩储层的研究具有重要意义。研究区春风油田石炭系储层以火山岩为主,过渡类型较多,岩性较为复杂。利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、地化分析等方法确定研究区发育火山熔岩类和火山碎屑岩类两类火山岩,其中,火山熔岩包括玄武岩、安山玄武岩、玄武安山岩以及安山岩,火山碎屑岩有凝灰岩和火山角砾岩等。通过识别出的岩性标定测井,分析每种岩性的测井响应特征,利用交会图法和星形图法,建立了不同岩性的识别标准。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗探区二叠系下石盒子组盒1段致密砂岩气层测井评价方法          下载免费PDF全文

张渝悦  张威 《沉积与特提斯地质》2016,36(4):53-59

通过储层"四性"关系研究,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗探区致密砂岩储层岩性对物性的控制作用及测井曲线对储层岩性、物性和含气性的响应特征。认为二叠系下石盒子组盒1段砂岩石英含量、粒度和孔隙结构是影响物性和含气性的主要因素,储层"四性"关系具有砂岩粒度与石英含量控制物性、物性控制含气性的基本特点。利用交汇图版法与双孔隙度曲线叠合法对研究区二叠系下石盒子组盒1段气层进行了综合识别。根据储层的岩性、物性、孔隙结构等参数,结合单井测试产能特征,将杭锦旗探区二叠系下石盒子组盒1段气层划分为3类进行综合评价,气层以Ⅱ类为主,其次为Ⅰ类。  相似文献   

Rainfall over Oman and its teleconnection with El Niño Southern Oscillation     

Hamza Varikoden  Hilal Sulthan Ali Al-shukaili  C. A. Babu  A. A. Samah 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):520

The Sultanate of Oman is located in the south-eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula and covers the larger part of the southern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula in both arid and semi-arid environments except for the southern part which is swept by the monsoon affecting the Arabian Sea during the period from June to September. The summer rainfall over Oman shows year-to-year variability, and this is caused by oceanic and atmospheric influences. In the present study, we tried to explore the influence of El Niño on the rainfall over Oman using different data sets. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) technique employed to the zonal wind at 850 hPa for the 30-year period shows that the second and third modes of EOF are showing high variability over the Oman regions. The corresponding PCs were subjected to FFT analysis, and it showed a peak about 5–6 years. In addition to this, the zonal wind over the Oman regions is correlated with the global zonal wind and found a significant correlation (1 % significant level). It has already been proved that the wind and rainfall during summer monsoon is in phase. Moreover, the spectral analysis of rainfall at Masirah station and the Niño3.4 index show the similar mode of variability indicating a direct relationship. The correlation between rainfall and the Niño3.4 index is also showing a positive significant value, and therefore, it can be concluded that the El Niño in the Pacific favours rainfall over the Oman region.  相似文献   

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) for seismic site characterization using 2D genetic algorithm at Bahrah area,Wadi Fatima,Saudi Arabia     

Faisal Rehman  Sherif M. El-Hady  Ali H. Atef  Hussein M. Harbi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):519

The present study deals with the seismic site classification of Bahrah area, Wadi Fatima, to characterize the local site conditions. The dynamic behavior of sediments was studied by the application of surface wave inversion. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) shallow geophysical technique was utilized for site classification. MASW survey was carried out at 66 sites along with 13 seismic refraction profiles at suitable localities. MASW and seismic refraction profiles were processed and compared with the available borehole data. The integration of MASW techniques with seismic refraction and borehole data progressively enhanced the subsurface visualization and reliability of the shear wave velocity estimation in the subsurface in the study area. The subsurface shear-wave velocity model was achieved by the solution of an inverse problem-based dispersion of surface waves and propagation in a vertically heterogeneous medium. The 2D genetic algorithm was employed for the inversion of dispersion curves to obtain velocity and thickness of subsurface layers. The depth to engineering bedrock and velocity of shear waves in the first 30 m was deciphered and mapped. The depth of bedrock in study area varies from 4 to 30 m, and V _{S 30} ranges from 320 to 800 m/s. The most of study area falls in B and C class categories in addition to few sites of D class according to the NEHRP guidelines.  相似文献   

Assessing groundwater storage changes in the Nubian aquifer using GRACE data     

Ahmed M. Yosri  Mohamed A. Abd-Elmegeed  Ahmed E. Hassan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(10):567

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) level two (L2) data is used in estimating the groundwater storage changes (GWSC) in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS). This set of data consists of spherical harmonics coefficients with specific degree and order. The GRACE data is de-correlated using a sixth degree polynomial in order to reduce the effect of the noise error resulting from the correlation between the spherical harmonics coefficients with the same degree parity. The GRACE estimates of GWSC are smoothed using Gaussian filter with half width of 1000 km. This half width is chosen in order to maximize the correlation between the GRACE estimates of GWSC and previous modeling results of the NSAS. The loss in groundwater storage occurring in each of the four countries sharing the NSAS is calculated to assess the sustainability of using the NSAS as a water resource in each country. The overarching finding in this study is that NSAS is losing its groundwater storage at a very high rate. Also, it is found that Egypt is the fastest in losing its groundwater storage from the NSAS. This loss of groundwater storage in Egypt may not necessarily be resulting from in-country extractions because of the trans-boundary nature of this aquifer. The GRACE-based estimates are found to be close to available data and previous modeling results of the NSAS.  相似文献   

Detachment folding in a Lower Cambrian–Upper Permian karst reservoir: 3D model of the Yubei 3D area (eastern Markit Slope,Tarim Basin,Northwest China)     

JiuMei Li  LiangJie Tang  Yong Yue  Meng Li  ShengLong Zhang  Yu Long  ShaoHui Luo 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(14):630

A three-dimensional (3D) structural modeling of the Lower Cambrian–Upper Permian Yubei 3D area was performed to understand its structural evolution. This model reproduces the present-day structure of the basin and comprises 11 horizons within Lower Cambrian to Upper Permian rocks. The analysis is based on 3D depth views and faults. The results image salt movements due to tectonics and/or burial. From these observations, this paper deduces that salt structures are correlated to the main faults and tectonic events. From the model analysis, we interpret the timing and geometry of Tarim Basin tectonics. The fault geometry can be resolved based on the strike of the fault, the morphology of hanging wall strata, and the stratigraphic distribution. Emphasis is placed on gypsum rock detachment, considering its movements during the Middle Caledonian event and decoupling effects during tectonic evolution. Moreover, we point to the structural control of the Paleozoic basement and the crustal architecture (Yubei 3D Zone) on the geometry of the Tarim Basin.  相似文献   

A GIS-index integration approach to groundwater suitability zoning for irrigation purposes     

T. Sheikhy Narany  M. F. Ramli  K. Fakharian  A. Z. Aris 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(7):502

In recent decades, the high population growth has increased the demand for agricultural lands and products. Groundwater offers reliability and flexibility in access to water for irrigation purposes, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, such as Amol-Babol Plain, Iran. However, the quality and quantity of groundwater may not be suitable for irrigation purposes in all areas due to urbanizations, and intensive agricultural and industrial activities. Groundwater suitability zoning for irrigation purposes could be useful to improve water resources and land use planning, mostly in areas with water scarcity. Therefore, a GIS-based indices method is proposed to assess suitable zones for agricultural activities, integrating the irrigation water quality (IWQ) index and hydrogeological factors. IWQ index was utilized to assess groundwater quality based on salinity hazard, infiltration hazard, specific ions, and trace elements hazards, and miscellaneous effects such as pH, bicarbonate, and nitrate. The potential of the aquifer for irrigation water abstraction was investigated using hydrogeological surveys such as slope angle of the plain, hydraulic conductivity, and aquifer thickness. The groundwater suitability index classified most of the study area (more than 90 %) as “excellent” or “good” suitability zones for irrigation purposes. A limited area of around 5.6 % of the total area has moderate suitability for irrigation purposes due to the Caspian Seawater intrusion and the presence of fossil saline water. The proposed methodology provides useful information in order to allow irrigation management to prevent water and soil deterioration.  相似文献