面向地图图片识别的两种卷积神经网络分析     

白又达  刘纪平  黄龙  白敬辉  车向红 《测绘科学》2021,46(11):126-134

针对目前多种网络基于小数据集或国际通用的一些标准数据集进行训练与测试,无法满足从互联网图片中高效识别出地图图片的需求,该文构建了一套基于卷积神经网络的互联网图片分类体系,对自动采集的92543张互联网图片经类型标注后形成样本库,将样本输入残差网络ResNet50和轻量级网络SqueezeNet中进行训练及测试.结果 显示:在地图类中,ResNet50的精确率、召回率分别比SqueezeNet高2.01％、0.32％;前者所耗费的训练、测试时间分别为后者的2.51倍、6.43倍,将上述指标进行归一化处理来综合评价两种网络在地图图片识别中的优越性.得出结论:SqueezeNet网络在地图识别应用中更具优越性,可有效提升在互联网地图图片中所包含"问题地图"的审查效率和及时响应服务.  相似文献   

基于Maptalks的外业草图绘制捕捉插件的设计与实现     

钱隆  罗年学  陈烁 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(3):134-136

作为中国为数不多的自主研发的开源地图引擎,Maptalks以其优良的性能和灵活的插件构建方式,在越来越多的项目中得以应用.鉴于其正处于稳步开发的阶段,部分功能还不够完善,还未实现实际项目中的草图绘制编辑所需的捕捉功能.针对此问题,开发了基于Maptalks的捕捉插件,实现了地图编辑中的捕捉功能.此成果一方面满足了外业草图绘制简单捕捉编辑的需求,另一方面完善了Map-talks的功能,扩大了它的应用范围.  相似文献   

Power Spectrum Density of Stochastic Oscillating Accretion Disk     

G.?B.?Long  J.?W.?Ou  Y.?G.?ZhengEmail author 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2016,37(2):10

In this paper, we employ a stochastic oscillating accretion disk model for the power spectral index and variability of BL Lac object S5 0716+714. In the model, we assume that there is a relativistic oscillation of thin accretion disks and it interacts with an external thermal bath through a friction force and a random force. We simulate the light curve and the power spectrum density (PSD) at (i) over-damped, (ii) critically damped and (iii) under-damped cases, respectively. Our results show that the simulated PSD curves depend on the intrinsic property of the accretion disk, and it could be produced in a wide interval ranging from 0.94 to 2.05 by changing the friction coefficient in a stochastic oscillating accretion disk model. We argue that accretion disk stochastic oscillating could be a possible interpretation for observed PSD variability.  相似文献   

A nonlinear statistical ensemble model for short-range rainfall prediction     

Long Jin  Jieshun Zhu  Ying Huang  Hua-sheng Zhao  Kai-ping Lin  Jian Jin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,119(3-4):791-807

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低温雨雪过程的粒子群-神经网络预报模型   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陆虹  翟盘茂  覃卫坚  金龙  谢敏  钱晰  赵华生 《应用气象学报》2015,26(5):513-524

利用逐日气温和降水量数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及预报场资料,通过分析提取我国南方区域持续性低温雨雪过程及其预报因子,使用粒子群-神经网络方法建立非线性的统计集合预报模型 (PSONN-EPM),对我国南方区域持续性低温雨雪过程进行预报试验。结果表明:以过程的冷湿程度及影响范围为标准,将低温雨雪过程分为一般过程和严重过程,并建立不同的预报模型效果较好。通过10 d独立样本预报试验看,基于粒子群-神经网络方法建立的集合预报模型比基于逐步回归方法建立的预报模型的预报平均相对误差小,对严重过程预报能力高于对一般过程预报,且这种非线性统计集合建模方法在建模过程中不需要调整神经网络参数,在实际预报业务中值得尝试。  相似文献   

A hybrid artificial neural network-numerical model for ground water problems     

Szidarovszky F  Coppola EA  Long J  Hall AD  Poulton MM 《Ground water》2007,45(5):590-600

Numerical models constitute the most advanced physical-based methods for modeling complex ground water systems. Spatial and/or temporal variability of aquifer parameters, boundary conditions, and initial conditions (for transient simulations) can be assigned across the numerical model domain. While this constitutes a powerful modeling advantage, it also presents the formidable challenge of overcoming parameter uncertainty, which, to date, has not been satisfactorily resolved, inevitably producing model prediction errors. In previous research, artificial neural networks (ANNs), developed with more accessible field data, have achieved excellent predictive accuracy over discrete stress periods at site-specific field locations in complex ground water systems. In an effort to combine the relative advantages of numerical models and ANNs, a new modeling paradigm is presented. The ANN models generate accurate predictions for a limited number of field locations. Appending them to a numerical model produces an overdetermined system of equations, which can be solved using a variety of mathematical techniques, potentially yielding more accurate numerical predictions. Mathematical theory and a simple two-dimensional example are presented to overview relevant mathematical and modeling issues. Two of the three methods for solving the overdetermined system achieved an overall improvement in numerical model accuracy for various levels of synthetic ANN errors using relatively few constrained head values (i.e., cells), which, while demonstrating promise, requires further research. This hybrid approach is not limited to ANN technology; it can be used with other approaches for improving numerical model predictions, such as regression or support vector machines (SVMs).  相似文献   

Variations of Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic systematics in basalt during intensive weathering     

Jinlong Ma  Gangjian Wei  Yigang Xu  Wenguo Long 《Chemical Geology》2010,269(3-4):376-385

The Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions of both saprolites and parent rocks of a profile of intensively weathered Neogene basalt in Hainan, South China are reported in this paper to investigate changes of isotopic systematics with high masses. The results indicate that all these isotopic systematics show significant changes in saprolites compared to those in corresponding parent rocks. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr system was more seriously affected by weathering processes than other isotope systems, with ε_Sr drifts 30 to 70 away from those of the parent rocks. In the upper profile (> 2.2 m), the Sr isotopes of the saprolites show an upward increasing trend with ε_Sr changing from ~ 50 at 2.2 m to ~ 70 at 0.5 m, accompanying a upward increasing of Sr concentrations, from ~ 10 μg/g to ~ 25 μg/g. As nearly all the Sr of the parent rock has been removed during intensive weathering in this profile, the upward increasing of Sr concentrations in the upper profile suggests import of extraneous Sr. Rainwater in this region, which enriches in Sr (up to 139 μg/L) from seawater, may be the important extraneous source. Thus, the Sr isotopes of the saprolites in the upper profile may be mainly influenced by import of extraneous materials, and the Sr isotopic characteristics may not be retained. In contrast, the ε_Nd and ε_Hf of the saprolites drift only 0–2.6 and 0–3.7 away from the parent rocks, respectively. The negative drifts of the ε_Nd and ε_Hf are coupled with Nd and Hf losses in the saprolites; i.e., larger proportions of Nd and Hf loss correspond to lower ε_Nd and ε_Hf. Compared with the relative high Nd and Hf concentrations of the saprolites, the contributions of extraneous Nd and Hf both from wet and dry deposits of aeolian input are negligible. Thus, the ε_Nd and ε_Hf changes in the profile are mainly resulted from consecutive removal of the Nd and Hf. Calculation indicates that the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios in saprolites are all significantly lower than their initial values in the parent rock. Simply removing part of the Nd and Hf by incongruent decomposing some of the minerals may not account for this. Fractionation should be happen, which ¹⁴³Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf may be preferentially removed from the profile relative to ¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁷Hf during intensive chemical weathering, resulting in lower ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios in saprolites relative to the parent rock, even though details for this process is not known. A positive correlation is observed between the ε_Nd and ε_Hf of the saprolites. Interestingly, the saprolites with a net loss of Nd and Hf in the upper profile show good positive correlation, and the regression line parallels the terrestrial array. By contrast, saprolites with a net gain of Nd and Hf in the lower profile generally show higher ε_Hf values at a given ε_Nd value, and the regression line between these ε_Nd and ε_Hf appears to parallel the seawater array. This supports the hypothesis that the contribution of continental Hf from chemical weathering release is the key to the obliquity of the seawater array away from the terrestrial array of the global ε_Nd and ε_Hf correlation. Our results also indicate that caution is needed when using ε_Sr, ε_Nd, and ε_Hf to trace provenances for sediments and soils.  相似文献   

南华北盆地青白口系—侏罗系层序界面时空分布特征研究     

田景春  张翔  许珉  时国  朱迎堂  夏青松  王峰  阳伟  黄龙  何明喜  杨波  郭双亭  曹健康  严永新  杜建波 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(4):331-337

以位于秦岭—大别造山带之北、华北陆块南部、地跨华北陆块稳定块体、陆块南部边缘变形带的南华北盆地为研究对象,通过对研究区42条不同时代的野外剖面详细观测,运用层序地层学理论,把南华北盆地作为一个整体系统,对青白口系—侏罗系层序界面特征及时空分布规律进行了系统分析,共识别出了8种类型层序界面的物质表现形式,分别是不整合面、渣状层、古喀斯特作用面、冲刷侵蚀面、超覆面、岩性岩相转换面、最大海泛面、最大湖泛面。并重点讨论了各类型界面的时空分布特征。结果表明：在时间演化上,从早到晚由海相—海陆过渡相—陆相,层序界面经历了海相沉积不整合、古喀斯特作用面、渣状层到陆相不整合面、冲刷侵蚀面等;在空间上,同一层序界面在不同相带表现形式不同,同一种类型的界面可在不同相带出现,但不同相带表现特征有一定差异性。  相似文献   

2010年7·27四川汉源二蛮山滑坡-碎屑流特征与成因机理研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

许强  董秀军  邓茂林  陈龙  胡泽铭 《工程地质学报》2010,18(5):609-622

2010年7月27日凌晨4时许,四川省汉源县万工乡二蛮山发生大规模滑坡,约48×104m3的强风化玄武岩体,在前期降雨的影响下高位高速滑出,随即解体转化为碎屑流,沿沟谷高速运动,沿途不断携卷和铲刮堆积于沟床及两侧斜坡的表层松散物质,使滑体的体积和含水量不断增大。当运动到沟谷中段时,因沟道在此向右偏转,在强大的惯性力作用下,部分碎屑流体冲向左岸斜坡,将居住于此的双合村一组5户村民房屋掩埋,造成20人失踪;另一部分碎屑流体继续沿沟谷高速运动近1.4km才最终停止。约30m in后,堆积于沟谷中段深切沟道内的滑坡堆积物,在重力作用下再次启动,形成二次滑坡。二次滑坡缓慢蠕滑流动数小时,最终到达万工新集镇,将部分房屋推倒掩埋,造成92户房屋受损、1500人被迫紧急转移。本文在对灾害现场进行详细地质调查的基础上,结合现场测绘、颗分试验、航拍等手段,对二蛮山滑坡体的基本特征进行了较深入的调查研究,对滑坡发生及成灾原因进行了初步分析。结果表明,滑源区相对突出的地形条件、风化破碎的玄武岩体和有利的结构面组合是滑坡发生的基本条件;前期降雨期间爆发的泥石流对滑源区坡脚的掏蚀、强降雨的饱水加载作用以及雨水沿陡倾张裂结构面的下渗软化作用,是诱发滑坡发生的直接原因。二蛮山沟谷原为一高频泥石流沟,滑坡发生前并无明显的滑坡迹象,滑坡的发生表现出极强的隐蔽性和突发性以及高位高速远程运动和危害巨大的特点,同时,主滑坡发生后在短时间内滑坡区再次启动发生二次滑坡,这些现象和特点具有特殊性,也具有典型性,值得深入研究。  相似文献   

新疆北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩的PGE成矿问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王玉往  王京彬  王莉娟  龙灵利  廖震  张会琼  唐萍芝 《地学前缘》2010,17(1):139

铂族元素(PGE)矿化主要与镁铁-超镁铁杂岩有关,成矿类型主要为岩浆型矿床,这类PGE矿床的形成主要依赖两个条件:一是岩浆中富含PGE;二是具备PGE从岩浆中分离和富集的机制,主要是在岩浆演化过程中硫达到饱和。新疆北部镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩发育,并产有喀拉通克、黄山、黄山东、图拉尔根4个大型铜镍矿床和香山、土墩、葫芦、白石泉等中、小型铜镍矿,以及香山西、尾亚等中型钒钛磁铁矿矿床,但迄今尚未发现成型的PGE矿床。文中通过对PGE矿床的形成机制与镁铁-超镁铁杂岩源区特征研究,探讨了北疆地区PGE矿床的成矿问题。综合分析认为,新疆北部后碰撞镁铁-超镁铁质岩的岩石类型为经过了分离结晶形成的铁质岩石系列,是PGE矿床的有利容矿岩石;矿床的Sr、Nd、Pb、O、Os和S同位素和含矿岩石地球化学特征表明,铜镍硫化物矿床含矿岩浆在岩浆演化和成矿过程中有地壳物质加入并可导致硫化物熔离作用,说明在成矿机制上也存在形成岩浆型PGE矿化的条件。新疆北部PGE矿化微弱的原因可能在于该区广泛发育的亏损型地幔源(具正的εNd值特征),这一亏损型地幔可能部分源于洋壳熔融,与产于后碰撞造山带环境、发育于"洋壳"或"不成熟"陆壳基底之上有关,由此决定了原始岩浆为贫PGE的源区,因此不利于PGE的富集成矿。  相似文献