变化环境下中国东南沿海致灾气旋及其人口暴露度研究     

陈雪  苏布达  温姗姗  姜彤  王艳君  高梦竹 《海洋通报》2020,39(2):241-248

本文基于气象观测站的逐日气压、风速和降水量确定致灾气旋阈值,结合区域气候模式COSMO-CLM (CCLM)输出,研究中国东南沿海地区2021—2050年RCP2.6、4.5、8.5情景下致灾气旋的时空变化特征。并采用人口-发展-环境分析模型(PDE),预测共享社会经济路径SSP2下东南沿海地区人口发展趋势,揭示了致灾气旋人口暴露度演变。研究表明:(1) RCP2.6情景,东南沿海地区平均每年发生致灾气旋6.3次,风速和降水量较基准期(1986—2005年)分别增加9%和15%,72%区域致灾气旋人口暴露度有所增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加2.1亿和0.1亿。(2) RCP4.5情景,致灾气旋年均发生7次,风速和降水量较基准期分别上升16%和32%,89%地区致灾气旋暴露人口增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加2.6亿和0.5亿。(3) RCP8.5情景,致灾气旋年均发生5.8次,风速和降水量较基准期分别增加32%和50%,65%区域致灾气旋暴露人口度有所增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加5.7亿和1.9亿。(4)相比RCP2.6,RCP8.5情景致灾气旋风速和降水量高出23%和35%,暴露于超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速的致灾气旋人口分别多3.6亿和1.8亿。控制温室气体浓度对降低致灾气旋的不利影响具有重要意义。  相似文献   

俯冲缝合线向大陆板块方向快速后退过程中的蛇绿岩的生成和侵位作用     

Edel.  SH 张泽明 《地质科学译丛》1989,6(3):17-20

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A preliminary report of persistent organochlorine pollutants in the Yellow Sea   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Oh JR  Choi HK  Hong SH  Yim UH  Shim WJ  Kannan N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(2):217-222

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A study on the treatment of antifouling paint waste from shipyard     

Song YC  Woo JH  Park SH  Kim IS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):1048-1053

A study on the treatment of antifouling paint waste from shipyards, including sandblast waste and ship hull washing wastewater, was performed. The sandblast waste could be effectively detoxified by heat treatment, and the efficiency was affected by the temperature of the heating vessel and treatment time. The removal efficiency of total organotin compounds from the sandblast waste was over 99% at 1000 °C and treatment for 1 h. For the treatment of ship hull washing wastewater by the solvent extraction, ship diesel was a good solvent for the tributyltin (TBT) extraction, and the proper amount of solvent was about 10 mL for TBT extraction from 1 L of wastewater. The extraction efficiency of TBT was significantly affected by the agitation intensity. The TBT in the wash wastewater was rapidly extracted within 1 h. The level of the TBT residual in the wastewater extracted for 1 h was 2.8 μg L⁻¹, and this was further decreased to 0.8 after 5 h extraction.  相似文献   

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a benthic ecosystem in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea     

Hong SH  Kannan N  Yim UH  Choi JW  Shim WJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2863-2868

Benthic ecosystem in Gwangyang Bay, a fast developing industrial area with steel production, port container handling, petroleum and other chemical processing in South Korea was studied. The average levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCB) in the benthic components were: seawater 2.99 ± 0.13 (ng/L); sediment 294 ± 118 (ng/g TOC); [biota=ng/g lipid] starfish 92; prawn 131 ± 2; mussels 127 ± 22; crab 182 ± 114; clam 187; polychaeta 215; sea cucumber 497 ± 90; squill 603 ± 38; fish 396 ± 159. Levels in the inner bay samples were higher than the outer bay samples suggesting land based pollution. Good correlation (r(2)=0.79; p<0.05) existed between PCB concentration and lipid content indicating partitioning processes in action. PCB signature in the abiotic and biotic components shows enrichment of lower chlorinated congeners emitted by a unique source nearby, viz. steel manufacturing plant.  相似文献   

泥河湾盆地，新生代发育史的辉煌一页     

王艳君 《地质论评》2015,61(1):6101171-6101194

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浅层地震技术在济南地下空间探测中的应用     

肖关华  张伟  陈恒春  卓武  王艳君  任丽莹 《物探与化探》2022,(1):96-103

浅层地震作为城市地下空间探测中必不可少的一种手段,其勘探效果受到很多方面的影响,如激发、接收因素、采集参数以及处理方法等,因此需要根据地质任务进行系统科学的论证、选取.笔者以济南地下空间探测项目为例,探讨提高浅层地震勘探分辨率的方法,通过综合分析研究区的资料建立合理的地震地质模型,基于该模型进行地震采集参数波动方程正演...  相似文献   

气候变化影响适应和脆弱性评估报告进展：IPCC AR5到AR6的新认知          下载免费PDF全文

姜彤  翟建青  罗勇  苏布达  巢清尘  王艳君  王国杰  黄金龙  徐润宏  高妙妮  缪丽娟 《大气科学学报》2022,45(4):502-511

IPCC第六次评估报告第二工作组(IPCC AR6 WGⅡ)重点关注气候变化的影响、风险、适应性和脆弱性。报告以最新的数据、翔实的证据、多元的方法定量评估了气候变化对自然和人类系统的影响。相比于AR5,AR6 WGⅡ取得了以下进展:1)内容上明确了气候变化的影响归因于人为气候强迫、非气候因子作用和天气敏感性识别等三类;气候变化带来的127个关键风险将变得广泛、普遍或不可逆转,将全球变暖限制在1.5℃,可大大减少气候变化对自然和人类系统的损失和破坏,指出来适应转型的重要性;2)在评估方法上,AR6采用了最新的SSPs和RCPs组合的SSPs情景,综合性更强;3) AR6对风险和解决方案的关注有所增加,并在AR5的基础上明确了5个“关注理由(RFCs)”的关键风险面临的风险水平将在较低的全球变暖水平上变为高到极高;4) AR6明确了气候行动的紧迫性,将适应和减缓相结合以支持气候恢复力(CRD)发展,指出了立即行动以应对气候风险的重要性和紧迫性。  相似文献   

Biodegradation of toxic chemicals in Guayanilla Bay,Puerto Rico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zaidi BR  Hinkey LM  Rodríguez NR  Govind NS  Imam SH 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(4):418-423

Studies were conducted to assess the factors that may influence the rate and extent of biodegradation of biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and p-nitrophenol in water samples collected from the Guayanilla Bay (18 degrees N; 67.45 degrees W), southwest of Puerto Rico. In vitro studies mediated slow degradation of biphenyl, naphthalene and phenanthrene substrates by natural microbial flora present in the Bay. Addition of KNO(3) as a source of inorganic N greatly enhanced the degradation of phenanthrene but not of naphthalene, suggesting that effects on degradation due to nutrient limitation were compound specific. The rate and extent of degradation of naphthalene and PCP were higher in water samples collected closer to the source of contamination, i.e. the petrochemical complex. The identity of a phenanthrene degrading bacterium, previously identified by conventional phenotypic method (Zaidi et al., Utilizing Nature's Advanced Materials, Oxford Unviersity Press, 1999) as Alteromonas sp., was confirmed by partial DNA sequencing of the small subunit rRNA gene.  相似文献   

浅谈档案管理的信息化问题     

王艳君 《西部资源》2013,(3):106-106,109

信息化已经成为世界发展的主要推动力。不过,信息化在档案管理工作中重视不够,发展不足,人员技术水平不高等问题的普遍存在,也是制约档案管理信息化的几大障碍。本文分析档案管理信息化的现状和不足,并且通过自己的思考,提出了一些对策和建议。  相似文献