切缝药包在定向断裂爆破中的应用研究     

罗勇  沈兆武 《地质灾害与环境保护》2005,16(4):443-446

对切缝药包用于岩石定向断裂爆破进行了一定的研究,对相关爆破参数进行了设计,并利用模型试验进行验证,实验结果表明切缝药包的定向断裂控制效果好。现场试验也表明该法是一种比较理想的断裂控制爆破技术。最后指明该技术有待进一步研究的方向。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of MM5 and WRF mesoscale model predictions of surface winds in a typhoon to planetary boundary layer parameterizations   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Ji Hye Kwun  You-Keun Kim  Jang-Won Seo  Ju Hee Jeong  Sung Hyup You 《Natural Hazards》2009,51(1):63-77

Sea surface winds and coastal winds, which have a significant influence on the ocean environment, are very difficult to predict. Although most planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations have demonstrated the capability to represent many meteorological phenomena, little attention has been paid to the precise prediction of winds at the lowest PBL level. In this study, the ability to simulate sea winds of two widely used mesoscale models, fifth-generation mesoscale model (MM5) and weather research and forecasting model (WRF), were compared. In addition, PBL sensitivity experiments were performed using Medium-Range Forecasts (MRF), Eta, Blackadar, Yonsei University (YSU), and Mellor–Yamada–Janjic (MYJ) during Typhoon Ewiniar in 2006 to investigate the optimal PBL parameterizations for predicting sea winds accurately. The horizontal distributions of winds were analyzed to discover the spatial features. The time-series analysis of wind speed from five sensitivity experimental cases was compared by correlation analysis with surface observations. For the verification of sea surface winds, QuikSCAT satellite 10-m daily mean wind data were used in root-mean-square error (RMSE) and bias error (BE) analysis. The MRF PBL using MM5 produced relatively smaller wind speeds, whereas YSU and MYJ using WRF produced relatively greater wind speeds. The hourly surface observations revealed increasingly strong winds after 0300 UTC, July 10, with most of the experiments reproducing observations reliably. YSU and MYJ using WRF showed the best agreements with observations. However, MRF using MM5 demonstrated underestimated winds. The conclusions from the correlation analysis and the RMSE and BE analysis were compatible with the above-mentioned results. However, some shortcomings were identified in the improvements of wind prediction. The data assimilation of topographical data and asynoptic observations along coast lines and satellite data in sparsely observed ocean areas should make it possible to improve the accuracy of sea surface wind predictions.  相似文献   

Effect of protection against wind according to the variation porosity of wind fence     

Ki-Pyo You  Young-Moon Kim 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(6):1193-1203

This study examines shelter effect against the wind by using wind fence with various porosities and distance. The shelter effect of wind fence was investigated by a wind tunnel test. Flow characteristics of velocities and turbulences behind wind fence were measured using a hot-wire anemometer. This was done by varying the porosity by 0, 20, and 40% of the wind fence. The wind fence distance ranged from 1H to 9H. In addition, the overall characterization of the wind fence was investigated by measuring a total of 28 points on the wind fence, which forms a lattice structure on it with 7 points in the lateral direction and 4 points in the vertical direction. The results indicate that the degree of the turbulence is lowered and the velocity of the wind is decreased when porosity of 40% is used at a distance of 4H–7H. The effectiveness of the wind fence depends on the porosity and distance. Porosity of 20% proved to be effective for the protection area of 1H–3H, while that of 40% was effective for the protection area of 4H–6H.  相似文献   

百年来天山阿克苏河流域麦茨巴赫冰湖演化与冰川洪水灾害   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

沈永平  王国亚  丁永建  苏宏超  毛炜峄  王顺德  Duishen M Mamatkanov 《冰川冻土》2009,31(6):993-1002

阿克苏河源区的冰川融水和冰湖溃决洪水, 对我国境内阿克苏河乃至整个塔里木河的径流补给及下游的防洪安全都有着举足轻重的作用. 萨雷扎兹-库玛拉克河的麦茨巴赫冰川湖(Merzbacher Lake)为众多冰川湖中最大的一个, 同时又是频繁发生突发性溃决洪水的冰湖, 在1932-2008年的67 a内发生溃决突发性洪水62次, 其频率高达92.5 %以上. 随着气温的变暖, 冰川减薄后退, 冰川融水增多、 冰湖库容增加, 洪水总量在不断增大. 冰川洪水的总量已经由1960-1970年代的1×10~8m~3左右, 增加到1990年以来的3×10~8～4×1~8m~3 , 最高达5×1~8m~3 多; 年最大流量1990年代较1950年代增多37%, 洪水频率也在不断增加. 库玛拉克河流域冰川物质平衡变化也对冰湖溃决洪水影响很大, 冰川消融的越多, 产生的冰川洪水洪峰也越大. 随着全球气候进一步变暖, 将会加大下游的防洪压力. 所以, 要加强冰川消融观测及冰湖水位的监测, 建立预警系统, 进行冰湖溃决洪水预报, 为下游的防洪安全和水电安全运行提供科技支持.  相似文献   

西藏拉萨地体南部晚白垩纪石榴石二辉麻粒岩的发现及其构造意义   总被引：13，自引：10，他引：3  

王金丽  张泽明  董昕  刘峰  于飞  王伟  徐方建  沈昆 《岩石学报》2009,25(7):1695-1706

拉萨地体位于青藏高原南部,其中-新生代构造演化过程与新特提斯洋的俯冲、消亡和印度与欧亚大陆的碰撞密切相关,是揭示青藏高原形成与演化历史的关键之一。本文报道了在拉萨地体东南部林芝岩群中发现的石榴石二辉麻粒岩。这种岩石的共生矿物为石榴石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、拉长石、富钛角闪石和黑云母,其原岩相当于基性岩,变质作用的温压条件为T=747~834℃和P=0.90~1.35GPa,形成深度可达45km。与麻粒岩伴生的石榴石斜长角闪岩和大理岩中锆石的U-Pb定年研究表明,它们的变质作用发生在85~90Ma。结合在林芝岩群中广泛发育的同时代岩浆作用和区域变质作用,我们认为拉萨地体南部在晚中生代发生了强烈的安第斯型造山作用。  相似文献   

山东沂水杂岩岩石化学及锆石Hf同位素研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋会侠  赵子然  沈其韩  宋彪 《岩石学报》2009,25(8):1872-1882

山东沂水杂岩主要由高角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质的变基性岩和(紫苏)花岗岩岩体组成.本文主要研究了三个含紫苏辉石的黑云斜长角闪岩(YS06-19、YS06-41和YS06-29),三个含石榴子石的角闪二辉斜长麻粒岩(YS06-40、YS06-45、YS06-49),一个含尖晶石和石榴子石角闪二辉麻粒岩(YS06-31)和两个英灵山花岗片麻岩样品(YS06-30和YS06-48)的岩石化学和锆石Hf同位素特征.结果认为,(1)含紫苏辉石的黑云斜长角闪岩和含石榴子石的角闪二辉斜长麻粒岩对Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Ce、Th等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素的富集程度不同,指示了其原岩经历了不同程度的部分熔融;(2)认为英灵山花岗片麻岩是由来自于亏损地幔的基性岩部分熔融产生,这一观点同沈其韩等(2000)认识一致;(3)所研究的变基性岩的锆石Hf亏损地幔模式年龄均小于英灵山花岗片麻岩Hf亏损地幔模式年龄,指示了该变基性岩可能不是英灵山花岗片麻岩的母岩,沂水地区应该存在更古老的变基性岩石,也可能反映了这两类岩石对Hf同位素体系的保存能力不同;(4)该地区地壳生长在30亿年左右启动,大规模的地壳生长出现在2530～2740Ma.  相似文献   

Revision of the Clam Shrimp Genus Magumbonia from the Upper Jurassic of the Luanping Basin,Hebei,Northern China     

Peter BENGTSON  Helmut WILLEMS  Hiramichi HIRANO 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(1)

The diverse clam shrimp Nestoria-Keratestheria fauna is widely distributed in the Dabeigou Formation in northern Hebei and eastern Inner Mongolia of China.Its important component genus Magumbonia from the Dabeigou Formation in the Luanping Basin,northern Hebei,China,is revised on the basis of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of the type species M.jingshangensis Wang,1984,which revealed morphological features not recognized previously.These include coarse reticulation on the umbo and promi...  相似文献   

重庆丰都雪玉洞水文地球化学指标的时空变化研究   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

蒲俊兵  沈立成  王翱宇  贺秋芳  袁文昊  扈志勇  陈炳清  何洋 《中国岩溶》2009,28(1)

自2006年11月到2007年12月对重庆丰都雪玉洞地下河水和滴水进行了近1年的观测,结果表明其主要水化学指标均表现出明显的季节变化趋势.地下河水Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-浓度和电导率在雨季升高而旱季降低,pH值在雨季降低而旱季升高.在地下河径流路径上,由于溶蚀效应与沉积效应的相互制约以及受采样点水动力条件和水气CO2交换程度的影响,水化学指标的空间变化较为复杂.位于洞穴顶部的滴水由于受顶板覆盖层厚度的影响,洞穴上层滴水点Ca2+、Mg2+年平均浓度分别为95.1mg/L、7.87mg/L,而下层滴水点分别为110.1mg/L、9.68mg/L,表现出上层高、下层低的空间变化特征.由于[Mg2+]/[Ca2+]值具有雨季低而旱季高的变化特征.所以可用之来指示洞穴所在地区降雨条件的变化.  相似文献   

流域地貌形态特征多重分形算法研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

沈中原  李占斌  李鹏  鲁克新 《水科学进展》2009,20(3):385-391

为研究流域地貌形态特征的量化指标,提出基于高程分布概率的多重分形计算模型,结合大理河岔巴沟流域和大堡岔流域DEM数据进行多重分形计算,对流域地貌形态特征多重分形谱的表征意义进行了探讨。结果表明:流域地貌形态特征多重分形谱可以更加敏感、更加全面地对流域地貌形态的总体特征进行描述;多重分形谱的顶点对应简单分形的容量维,多重分形谱的宽度可以定量表征流域表面的起伏程度,多重分形谱的端点维数的差别可以间接地反映流域峰谷数目的比例;流域地貌形态特征多重分形谱能够分层次地刻画流域内部的精细结构,从而更加突出地表现异常局部地貌变化特征;流域地貌形态特征多重分形谱的无标度区间的合理范围,应该确定为DEM像元尺度到流域最大高程值的1.5倍左右最为合适。  相似文献   

长白山生态旅游研究进展评述及研究方向展望     

沈雪瑞  张鹏  温艳玲 《吉林地质》2009,28(2):92-95,105

长白山的生态旅游业已经开展了相当一段时期,然而,关于长白山的生态旅游究竟应如何开展以及还有哪些问题需要解决等等一些话题仍然是许多学者和机构持续关注甚至担忧的问题。本文主要通过相关文献的梳理来介绍学术界对于长白山生态旅游的研究进展,并努力识别一些潜在的研究领域,同时对未来这一课题的研究方向提出一些建议和展望。  相似文献