An intercomparison between the GSWM, UARS, and ground based radar observations: a case-study in January 1993     

S. E. Palo  M. E. Hagan  C. E. Meek  R. A. Vincent  M. D. Burrage  C. McLandress  S. J. Franke  W. E. Ward  R. R. Clark  P. Hoffmann  R. Johnson  D. Kürschner  A. H. Manson  D. Murphy  T. Nakamura  Yu. I. Portnyagin  J. E. Salah  R. Schminder  W. Singer  T. Tsuda  T. S. Virdi  Q. Zhou 《Annales Geophysicae》1997,15(9):1123-1141

The Global-Scale Wave Model (GSWM) is a steady-state two-dimensional linearized model capable of simulating the solar tides and planetary waves. In an effort to understand the capabilities and limitations of the GSWM throughout the upper mesosphere and thermosphere a comparative analysis with observational data is presented. A majority of the observational data used in this study was collected during the World Day campaign which ran from 20 January to 30 January 1993. During this campaign data from 18 ground-based observational sites across the globe and two instruments located on the UARS spacecraft were analyzed. Comparisons of these data with the simulations from the GSWM indicate that the GSWM results are in reasonable agreement with the observations. However, there are a number of cases where the agreement is not particularly good. One such instance is for the semidiurnal tide in the northern hemisphere, where the GSWM estimates may exceed observations by 50%. Through a number of numerical simulations, it appears that this discrepancy may be due to the eddy diffusivity profiles used by the GSWM. Other differences relating to the diurnal tide and the quasi-two-day wave are presented and discussed. Additionally, a discussion on the biases and aliasing difficulties which may arise in the observational data is alos presented.  相似文献   

Les minéralisations ferrifères du Sahara Algerien: le gisement de fer oolithique de Mecheri Abdelaziz (bassin de Tindouf)     

Salah Guerrak  Jean Jacques Chauvel 《Mineralium Deposita》1985,20(4):249-259

Résumé Le gisement de fer oolithique de Mecheri Abdelaziz (Famennien terminal du bassin de Tindouf), présente des caractères morphologiques et sédimentologiques qui permettent de penser que la minéralisation s'est mise en place dans des édifices deltaïques progradants.La minéralisation est complexe et comprend trois paragenèses principales; maghémite-magnétite, bavalite-hématite, bavalite-magnétite et quatre faciès types: faciès microconglomératique (FMC), faciès à oolithes dispersées dans une matrice détritique (FOD), faciès à oolithes dispersées dans une matrice non détritique (FOND) et faciès à oolithes jointives, cimentées (FOC).Les caractères des oolithes et de la mésostase montrent que les corps minéralisés résultent de l'accumulation d'oolithes, développées essentiellement par concrétionnement intrasédimentaire et ayant subi, avant le dépôt définitif, des phases alternantes d'oolithisation et de remise en suspension.Sur l'ensemble du gisement, les teneurs moyennes sont les suivantes: Fe total: 43,49%; SiO₂=13,66%; P₂O₅=2,31%; CaO=5,35%.En ce qui concerne la source du fer, il semble que la mise en place du minerai soit liée aux importantes réserves de quartzites ferrugineux situées dans le Précambrien du socle Réguibat, dont le stock métal initial a subi des remobilisations successives.

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The Mecheri Abdelaziz oolitic iron deposit (late Famennian of Tindouf Basin) shows morphological and sedimentological features of prograding deltaic sequences.The mineralization is complex and allows the recognition of 3 types of paragenesis: maghemite-magnetite, bavalite-hematite, bavalite-magnetite; and 4 types of facies: microconglomerate facies, oolites dispersed in a matrix with detritic elements, oolites dispersed in a matrix without detritic elements and oolites with cement.The comparison of oolites and matrix suggests that the orebodies are the result of oolites deposition, developed by intrasedimentary processes and before the final deposition, by alternating phases of oolitization and suspension.For the whole ore deposit, the main composition is: total Fe=43.49%; SiO₂=13.66%; P₂O₅=2.31%; CaO=5.35%.The major portion of iron was probably provided by continental leaching of the very important iron formations of the Precambrien Reguibat shield.

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Contribution of satellite altimetry data in the geophysical investigation of the Red Sea Region, Egypt     

Khaled H. Zahran  Salah Saleh 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(3):303-318

Successful development of geodetic satellite missions has aroused new interest in determining global and regional gravity field based on satellite data. Satellite altimetry data enable direct determination of the geoid over sea regions. In Egypt, where land and marine geophysical data are inadequate because of rough topography and economic reasons, the use of satellite altimetry data is of special importance. The northern Red Sea region has been selected as a site for case study of the current research, after applying spectral analysis to reveal near-surface structure, the residual geoid of the studied region shows a good correlation with the known geologic features. Moreover, satellite-based gravity data enhance small-scale features and agrees well with land and marine gravity data. Thus, geoid undulation and satellite gravity data can be a complementary source of data to determine near-surface and deep structures.  相似文献   

Current motion and short-term deformations in the Suez–Sinai area from GPS observations     

Federica Riguzzi  Grazia Pietrantonio  Antonio Piersanti  Salah M. Mahmoud 《Journal of Geodynamics》2006,41(5):485-499

We analyze observations from eight GPS campaigns carried out between 1997 and 2005 on a network of 13 sites in the Suez–Sinai area, where separation between the African and the Arabian plates takes place. This is the key area to understand if and in which way Sinai behaves like a sub-plate of the African plate and the role played by seismic and geodetic (long-term) deformation release.Our analysis shows that, on average, the Suez–Sinai area motion, in terms of ITRF00 velocities, matches the African plate motion defined by the NNR-NUVEL-1A model.The horizontal principal strain rate axes estimated separately in the Gulf of Suez area and in the northern Sinai vary from compression across the Gulf (−2.2 ± 1.2) × 10⁻⁸ year⁻¹ to NE extension (1.0 ± 1.5) × 10⁻⁸ year⁻¹ in the North, showing the presence of two distinct domains, so that in our opinion Sinai cannot be considered simply a unique rigid block.The analysis of GPS baseline length variations shows short-term deformations across the Gulf of Suez, reaching up a maximum value of more than 1 cm in 8 years.Since current geodynamical models do not predict significant tectonic deformation in this area, we work under the hypothesis that a contribute may be expected by post-seismic relaxation effects. Under this hypothesis, we compare the baselines length variations with the post-seismic relaxation field associated with five major local earthquakes occurred in the area, testing two different viscoelastic models. Our results show that the detected short-term deformations are better modeled for viscosity values of 10¹⁸ Pa s in the lower crust and 10²⁰ Pa s in the asthenosphere. However, since the modeled post-seismic effect results modest and a certain amount of the detected deformation is not accounted for, we think that an improved modeling should take into account the lateral heterogeneities of crust and upper mantle structures.  相似文献   

Reliability-based design of spread footings on fibre-reinforced clay     

Assile Abou Diab  Shadi Najjar  Salah Sadek 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2018,12(2):135-151

The potential use of fibres in a number of geotechnical engineering applications is gaining more interest in the geotechnical community. A select application consists of the improvement of soft grounds to mitigate their problematic shear strength characteristics. Extensive experimental work has been reported on the response/behaviour of fibre-reinforced clay (FRC) and was recently complemented by several strength prediction models. The effectiveness of these models has not been thoroughly evaluated yet. The objectives of this study are to (1) quantify the model uncertainty of a newly developed FRC model that is aimed exclusively at predicting the “undrained” shear strength of FRCs, (2) combine the model uncertainty with other conventional sources of uncertainty to assess the reliability levels that are inherent in the ultimate limit state design of spread footings that rest on a top FRC layer underlain by weaker natural soft clay, and (3) recommend factors of safety that would ensure a target reliability level for these footings. Results indicate that the traditional safety factor of 3 should be used with caution as it may not be sufficient to yield the desired level of reliability, particularly for smaller footings, lower applied stresses, larger scales of fluctuation, and larger target reliability indices.  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous and Palaeocene clays of the northern Tunisia: potential use for manufacturing clay products     

Moufida Ben M’barek Jemaï  Narjess Karoui-Yaakoub  Ali Sdiri  Imed Ben Salah  Rim Azouzi  Joelle Duplay 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2015,8(12):11135-11148

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The Effect of the Modular Block Type on Segmental Walls in Soil Reinforced by Geogrid     

Eddine  Baaziz Salah  Mekki  Mellas 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(5):3973-3980

The behavior of retaining walls in geosynthetic reinforced soil is complex and requires studies and research to understand the mechanisms of rupture, the behavior of the reinforcements in the soil and the behavior of the main elements of the system: reinforcement-wall-soil. Several researches have been done on the use of geosynthetics as backfill massive reinforcement material (experimental studies, numerical analysis, reduced models …). This parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of modular blocks type on the behavior of reinforced soil segmental walls. A 3.6 m high wall is composed of modular blocks of earth sand reinforced with four geogrid layers was modeled. The properties of materials, the wall geometry, and the boundary conditions will be explained later. The finite difference computer program FLAC3D was used in this study. The results of this numerical study allowed deducing the importance of this parameter. The type of modular blocks has significant effect to decrease the values of lateral displacements of the wall and decreased tensile stress values in the layers of geogrid.

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Reliability-Based Design of Spatially Random Two-Layered Clayey Slopes     

Jaber  Reem  Najjar  Shadi  Sadek  Salah 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(9):4563-4583

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Two-layered cohesive slopes are encountered in geotechnical applications involving embankments, dams, levees, and natural cut slopes. The reliability of...  相似文献   

Upper mantle anisotropy beneath central and southwest Japan: An insight into subduction-induced mantle flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mohamed K. Salah  T. Seno  T. Iidaka 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,46(1-2):21-37

Analysis of seismic anisotropy in the crust and mantle wedge above subduction zones gives much information about the dynamic processes inside the Earth. For this reason, we measure shear wave polarization anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle beneath central and southwestern Japan from local shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes occurring in the subducting Pacific slab. We analyze S phases from 198 earthquakes recorded at 42 Japanese F-net broadband seismic stations. This data set yields a total of 980 splitting parameter pairs for central and southwestern Japan. Dominant fast polarization directions of shear waves obtained at most stations in the Kanto–Izu–Tokai areas are oriented WNW–ESE, which are sub-parallel to the subduction direction of the Pacific plate. However, minor fast polarization directions are oriented in NNE–SSW directions being parallel to the strike of the Japan Trench, especially in the north of Izu Peninsula and the northern Tokai district. Generally, fast directions obtained at stations located in Kii Peninsula and the Chubu district are oriented ENE–WSW, almost parallel to the Nankai Trough, although some fast directions have NW–SE trends. The fast directions obtained at stations in northern central Honshu are oriented N–S. Delay times vary considerably and range from 0.1 to 1.25 s depending on the source depth and the degree of anisotropy along the ray path. These lateral variations in splitting character suggest that the nature of anisotropy is quite different between the studied areas. Beneath Kanto–Tokai, the observed WNW–ESE fast directions are probably caused by the olivine A-fabric induced by the corner flow. However, the slab morphology in this region is relatively complicated as the Philippine Sea slab is overriding the Pacific slab. This complex tectonic setting may induce lateral heterogeneity in the flow and stress state of the mantle wedge, and may have produced NNE–SSW orientations of fast directions. The ENE–WSW fast directions in Kii Peninsula and the Chubu district are more coherent and may be partly induced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate. The N–S fast directions in northern central Honshu might be produced by the trench-parallel stretching of the wedge due to the curved slab at the arc–arc junction.  相似文献   

Stress analysis and tectonic trends of southern Sinai Peninsula, using potential field data analysis and anisotropy technique     

Salah Saleh  Ahmed Saleh 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2012,4(3):448-464

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the stress direction and the tectonic trends of the study area using magnetic anisotropy and potential field data interpretations (Bouguer and aeromagnetic). The specific objective of the gravity and aeromagnetic interpretation is to establish the trend and depth of the structural configuration of the basement rocks. Horizontal gradient techniques could to delineate directions of deep sources and enabled tracing several faults, lineaments and tectonic boundaries of basement rocks. The trend analysis shows N40°?C50°W, N10°?C20°W and N10°?C20°E which may be related to the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba stresses. However, Euler Deconvolution technique was applied using the aeromagnetic data to provide reliable information about penetrated source depth (100 m and ??10.0 km) and trends of the subsurface sources (principally in NW and NE directions). Moreover, representative 72 oriented rock samples have been collected from seven sites in the study area. The rock magnetic properties and magnetic anisotropy analysis have been determined for all the studied samples. The interpretation clearly defined magnetic lineation at all sites and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) parameters. The stress direction of the studied area has been evaluated using magnetic anisotropy and geophysical analysis. Generally the estimated geophysical data analysis (Bouguer and aeromagnetic) are well consistent with the AMS interpretations of this study. The results indicated that the directions of predominant faults and foliations are NW-SE (related to the Gulf of Suez and Red Sea rifting) which indicate that the main stress and tectonic trend is NE-SW, which is more predominant in southern Sinai region. Moreover, it is clear that, the studied area was affected also by less predominant sources trended in NE-SW direction, which related to the tectonic activity of Gulf of Aqaba. The least predominant is north 40°?C50° east that is probably due to the Syrian Arc system. Finally, our results are extremely coincided with the previous stress directions derived from geological, seismological and tectonic analysis in northern Red Sea rift, Gulf of Suez and Sinai regions.  相似文献