Carbon monoxide levels along roadway     

F. W. L. Kho B.Sc.  P. L. Law B.SCE.  M.SCE.  M.Sc.  Sc.D.  S. H. Ibrahim M.S.c  Ph.D.  J. Sentian B.Sc.  M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(1):27-34

This paper predicts and compares the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels along Sembulan Road for years 2004 and 2014 using CAL3QHC air dispersion model at two major locations, i.e., at Sembulan Roundabout and Sutera Harbour Intersection, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The CO concentration “hot-spots” were also identified at Sutera Harbour Intersection, and the highest maximum 1-hr average ground level concentrations of CO modeled for Kpg. Air Sembulan located in the northeast of idling road was 9.33 ppm for year 2004. This study showed that there would be no extreme changes in CO concentration trends for year 2014 although a substantial increase in the number of vehicles is assumed to affect the level of CO concentrations. It was also found that the CO levels would be well below the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines of 30 ppm for 1-hour Time-Weighted Average (TWA). Comparisons between the modeled and observed outputs using quantitative data analysis technique and statistical methods indicated that the CAL3QHC predicted results correlated well with measured data. It was predicted that receptors located near to the major intersection, in the long-term would be potentially exposed to relatively higher CO levels.  相似文献   

Geology and rare-earth element geochemistry of highly evolved, molybdenite-bearing granitic plutons, Southeastern Desert, Egypt     

Gehad M. Saleh 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(4):333-344

The field relations, mineralogy, and major and trace elements (including REE analyses of whole-rock samples and minerals) of granites and their associated molybdenite uranium mineralized aplites in Southeastern Desert, Egypt, have been studied. The granites are leucocratic and mostly peraluminous in nature with muscovite increasing at the expense of biotite. The chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the granitic rocks indicate that their melts originated from the LILE-enriched mantle wedge by partial melting and are contaminated by crustal melts, followed by thermogravitational processes. Leucogranites with higher Na2O/K2O ratios from Um Dargag and Um Maiat crystallized under H2O-saturated equilibrium conditions in which the exsolved vapor continuously migrated away. The REE patterns of the granites studied are characterized by LREE enrichments and negative Eu anomalies. In comparison, the potassic aplites and the more sodic leucogranites are depleted in LREE, enriched in HREE and show more remarkable negative Eu anomalies. Allanite and monazite are the most important REE carriers in the granites. These minerals are strongly enriched in LREE, whereas fluorite and xenotime, which are more abundant in the aplites, are enriched in HREE. The average Lu/Ce ratio represents the fractionation trend with respect to HREE. It is 0.71 for radioactive fluorite, and it increases to 1.22 for non-radioactive fluorite. The high REE contents of molybdenite represent re-deposition of the mobilized Mo and REE. Due to the strong control of accessory minerals, the REEs are of limited use in petrogenetic modelling of highly evolved granitic systems.  相似文献   

Petrography and geochemistry of carbonate void-filling cements in fossil reefs     

Dr. Ibrahim A. Mirsal  Prof. Dr. Heinrich Zankl 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1979,68(3):920-951

An Investigation of the distribution of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, Sr²⁺ and K⁺ as well as O¹⁸ and C¹³ in void-filling cements out of three fossil reefs — of Devonian and Triassic ages — shows a rhythmic fluctuation of these parameters in the successive layers. This reflects a similar change in the salinity conditions during cementation. It also leads to the presumption that the void filling process starts in early stages with a semi-closed system and later passes into a relatively closed one. Results obtained from factor analysis support this hypothesis.The original mineralogic constitution of the cements must have followed the rhythmic fluctuation of salinity with the result of forming alternative layers of aragonite and calcite. These lead, through inversion and grain growth, in later diagenetic stages to the formation of fibrous calcite.Blocky calcite represents the last stage of cementation. It crystallises out of exhausted solutions and shows no signs of inversion.Multivariate analysis of all investigated parameters reveals three factors. These were interpreted as representing Salinity, Temperature and original Mineralogy.

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Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung der Verteilung von Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, Sr²⁺ und K⁺, sowie O¹⁸ und C¹³ in Hohlraumzementen aus drei fossilen Riffen von devonischem und triadischem Alter zeigt eine rhythmische Schwankung in den sukzessiven Zementschalen. Die Schwankung der geochemischen Parameter reflektiert eine änderung der Salinitätsbedingungen. Dies wird unter der Annahme erklärt, daß die Ausfüllung der Hohlräume zuerst in einem halbgeschlossenen, später dann in einem relativ geschlossenen System stattfindet. Die Faktorenanalyse bestätigt diese Hypothese.Die Mineralogie der gebildeten Zemente folgt der rhythmischen Salinitätsschwankung und daraus entstand zunächst eine Wechsellagerung von calcitischen und aragonitischen Zementen.über Inversion und Sammelkristallisation bildet sich während der späteren Diagenese der fibröse Calcit, dessen rhythmische Gefügeabfolge von der ursprünglichen Mineralogie der Zemente diktiert wird. Als letzte Zementgeneration folgt blockiger Calcit aus ionenarmen Lösungen, wobei keine Umwandlung dieser Zementphase mehr erfolgt.Aus der Faktorenanalyse aller geochemischen Parameter ergeben sich drei Faktorengruppen, die die Salinität, Temperatur und ursprüngliche Bildungsmineralogie charakterisieren.

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Résumé L'examen de la répartition du Ca₂₊, Mg₂₊, Na₊, Sr₂₊ et K₊, ainsi que O¹⁸ et C¹³ dans le ciment de remplissage des vides de 3 récifs fossiles d'âge dévonien à triasique, montre une variation rythmique dans les couches successives du ciment. La variation des paramètres chimiques reflète un changement dans les conditions de la salinité. Ceci s'explique si l'on accepte que le remplissage des vides a eu lieu dans un milieu d'abord à moitié fermé, et plus tard relativement fermé. L'analyse des facteurs confirme cette hypothèse. La minéralogie du ciment formé est conforme à la variation rythmique de la salinité, d'où résulta une alternance de ciment calcitique et aragonitique.Après l'inversion et la recristallisation coalescente, il s'est formé, durant la diagenèse ultérieure de la calcite fibreuse, dont la succession structurale rythmique est dictée par la minéralogie originelle du ciment. Comme dernière génération de ciment, vient de la calcite en bloc provenant d'une solution pauvre en ions, sans qu'il s'en suive une transformation decette phase de cimentation.L'analyse des facteurs de tous les paramètres chimiques fait apparaÎtre trois groupes de facteurs qui caractérisent la salinité, la température et la minéralogie originelle de formation.

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, : Sa²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na²⁺, Sr²⁺ K⁺, ¹⁸O ¹³S . . , , , . . , . , . , , - . 3 , , .

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Short note: A simple nomogram for interpretation due to magnetic horizontal cylinders     

Ibrahim Kara  Davut Aydogan  F. Ahmet Yüksel 《Geophysical Prospecting》1998,46(6):659-663

The magnetic anomaly ΔF due to a long horizontal cylinder yields three points related to its extrema. A nomogram is presented for the determination of some source parameters of the causative body.  相似文献   

On the iron interpretation of the 6.4 keV emission line from SGR 1900+14     

Alaa I. Ibrahim  Hisham Anwer  Mohamed H. Soliman  Nicholas Mackie-Jones  Kalvir S. Dhuga  William C. Parke  Jean H. Swank  Tilan Ukwatta  M. T. Hussein  T. El-Sherbini 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,308(1-4):535-539

A 6.4 keV emission line was discovered in an unusual burst from the soft gamma repeater SGR 1900+14 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The line was detected in part of a complex multipeak precursor that preceded the unusual burst of 1998 August 29, i.e. two days after the giant flare of August 27 from the source. The origin of the line was not firmly identified and two possible interpretations were equally plausible including (a) Kα fluorescence from a small iron rich material that was ejected to the magnetosphere during the August 27 flare, and (b) proton or α-particle cyclotron resonance. If the iron scenario was correct, we expect to find evidence for the line during the intervening interval between the flare and the August 29 burst, i.e. on August 28. Here we present the results of the August 28 burst observation, taken with RXTE. We detect a total of seven bursts whose individual and joint spectra do not show evidence for spectral lines. We also investigated a sample of nine bursts before and after the August 29 burst (from 1998 June to December) that do not reveal evidence for a spectral line near 6.4 keV or elsewhere. These results disfavor the iron scenario and make the proton/α-particle cyclotron resonance interpretation more plausible. The appearance of the emission line in part of a complex burst and its absence from the studied sample indicate that the line is likely due to a transient phenomenon that may depend on the burst morphology, energetics and the properties of the emission region.   相似文献   

Divisional morphogenesis in the marine ciliate Anteholosticha manca （Kahl, 1932） Berger, 2003 （Ciliophora： Urostylida）     

LI Liqiong HU Xiaozhong WARREN Alan AL- RASHEID Khaled A S AL- FARRAJ Saleh A SHAO Chen SONG Weibo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(2)

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Relationships Between Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Characteristics and Geoeffectiveness in the Rising Phase of Solar Cycles 23 and 24   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Bendict Lawrance  A. Shanmugaraju  Y.-J. Moon  M. Syed Ibrahim  S. Umapathy 《Solar physics》2016,291(5):1547-1560

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Potential use of faujasite–phillipsite and phillipsite–chabazite tuff in purification of treated effluent from domestic wastewater treatment plants     

Reyad A. Al Dwairi  Khalil M. Ibrahim  Hani N. Khoury 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(12):5071-5078

Characterization of zeolitic tuff from Jabal Hannoun (HN) and Mukawir (MR) was carried out to examine the ability of using low-cost natural materials in domestic wastewater treatment. The grain size between 0.3 and 1 mm (0.3–1 mm) of the HN and MR has the highest total zeolite grade (faujasite–phillipsite and phillipsite–chabazite) and suitable cation exchange capacity. They were used as fixed-bed ion exchangers and adsorbents. The zeolitic tuff efficiently removed the organic and nitrogen compounds, Pb and Zn from the effluent. One bed volume (1 BV) of the zeolitic tuff is capable to remove up to 95 % of total organic carbon form 500 BV of the effluent. The removal percent of total nitrogen by HN and MR is close to 95 and 90 %, respectively. The zeolitic tuff has an excellent efficiency to remove Pb and Zn from the effluent. 1 BV of HN completely cleans Zn and Pb from 680 and 730 BV of the effluent, respectively, whereas 1 BV of MR is able to clean completely Zn and Pb from 500 and 685 BV of the effluent, respectively. The greater performance of the HN compared with the MR may be explained by its higher zeolites grade and presence of faujasite.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Petrographical and petrophysical characteristics of asynchronous beachrocks along Al-Shoaiba Coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia     

Ibrahim M. Ghandour  Hamad A. Al-Washmi  Rashad A. Bantan  Mohamed M. Gadallah 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(1):367-367

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Magnitude of industrialization in Jordan     

Hassan Abdel Kader Saleh 《GeoJournal》1995,37(1):125-132

In spite of Jordan's insignificant natural resources and geopolitical problems, industrial development is being emphasized in Jordan since 1972. Industries are now the second largest sector of economy. Industries contributed 10% of the GDP in 1972, 19.5% in 1989 and 17.4% in 1993. This is remarkable as the national investment in industries is declining. The investments for industrial development was 30% of the total national investment in five year development plans (1976–1980), 23% in the next plan (1981–1985), and 13% in the following plan (1986–1990).The number of; industries has increased from 2500 in 1959 to 4684 in 1974, to 8533 in 1984, and 18600 in 1992. The employment or labor force also increased from 10,000 in 1959 to 70,000 in 1988, and to 110,000 in 1992. It represents about 16.4% of the total labor force in Jordan, the index number of industrial production also increased from (100) in 1979 which was the same base year, to (151) in 1983 to (205) in 1987 and to (215) in 1993. The study was based on three hypotheses: (i) the magnitude varies from one industry to another at the national (Jordan) and local (governorate levels), (ii) temporal change in the magnitude of industries has taken place during the period 1979–1992, (iii) the temporal change in the magnitude of industries was positive in some industries and negative in others.  相似文献