Integrative stochastic model standardization with genetic algorithm for rainfall pattern forecasting in tropical and semi-arid environments     

Sinan Q. Salih  Ahmad Sharafati  Isa Ebtehaj  Hadi Sanikhani  Ridwan Siddique  Ravinesh C. Deo 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(7):1145-1157

ABSTRACT

Climate patterns, including rainfall prediction, is one of the most complex problems for hydrologist. It is inherited by its natural and stochastic phenomena. In this study, a new approach for rainfall time series forecasting is introduced based on the integration of three stochastic modelling methods, including the seasonal differencing, seasonal standardization and spectral analysis, associated with the genetic algorithm (GA). This approach is specially tailored to eradicate the periodic pattern effects notable on the rainfall time series stationarity behaviour. Two different climates are selected to evaluate the proposed methodology, in tropical and semi-arid regions (Malaysia and Iraq). The results show that the predictive model registered an acceptable result for the forecasting of rainfall for both the investigated regions. The attained determination coefficient (R²) for the investigated stations was approx. 0.91, 0.90 and 0.089 for Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah (Iraq), and 0.80, 0.87 and 0.94 for Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Johor (Malaysia).  相似文献   

Modeling of lithology induced chemical anomalies in the aquifer systems of the Kazan Trona deposit area, Ankara, Turkey     

M. Zeki Camur  Cevat Er  Hasan Yazicigil 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(4):777-789

The study was carried out in order to investigate existing hydrogeochemical relationships between groundwater environment and geological units in the Kazan trona deposit area, Ankara, Turkey. Evaluations indicate that concentrations of alkalinity, boron, chloride and sodium in the upgradient groundwater of the Eocene sedimentary units gradually increase toward downgradient by the interactions of saline minerals (searlesite, shortite, northupite and pyrite) present in the secondary structures (microfractures and irregular voids) at various levels. Inverse modeling calculations suggest that the range of dissolved mass amounts in millimoles per kilogram of water for searlesite, shortite and northupite minerals are 0.05–28.67, 2.62–24.39 and 0.01–24.19, respectively, in the aquifer between the upgradient and downgradient locations. The ranges of accompanying calcite and dolomite precipitations are 4.54–48.71 and 2.16–24.08 mmol per kg of water, respectively. Chemical composition of the groundwater in the overlying Neogene sedimentary unit includes also higher concentrations of the major ions as measured in groundwater of the underlying units. However the lack of saline mineral zones in the Neogene unit indicates that upward groundwater mixing takes place from the underlying aquifer as also suggested by the measured upward gradient. The mixing percentage of the underlying groundwater as determined from the nested wells ranges from 2.7 to 48.3%, from upgradient to downgradient, respectively. The unconfined alluvium aquifer overlying the Neogene unit includes relatively dilute groundwater except in two locations, where high-ion concentrations detected in groundwater of the underlying units are also high in these locations, suggesting upward groundwater mixing from the underlying aquifer due to upward gradient. However, groundwater input investigations from the alluvium aquifer to the nearby Ova stream indicate that the detected high concentrations in these locations are diluted or sorbed by the aquifer material toward downgradient (Ova Stream).  相似文献   

Contamination of the cement raw material in a quarry site by seawater intrusion,Darica-Turkey     

M. Zeki Camur  Vedat Doyuran 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1673-1681

The open pit mining nearby shoreline is planned to be extended into below sea level in order to use additional reserves of the cement raw material (marl). The raw material is currently contaminated by seawater intrusion below a depth of 20 m up to the distance of 90 m from shoreline. Seawater intrusion related contamination of the material used for the cement production was investigated by means of diffusion process for the future two below sea level mining scenarios covering 43 years of period. According to the results, chloride concentrations higher than the tolerable limit of a cement raw material would be present in the material about 10–25 cm inward from each discontinuity surface, controlling groundwater flow, located between 170 and 300 m landward from the shoreline at below sea level mining depths of 0–30 m. The estimations suggest that total amounts of dilution required for the contaminated raw material to reduce its concentration level to the tolerance limit with uncontaminated raw material are about 113- to 124-fold for scenario I (13 years of below sea level mining after 30 years of above sea level mining) and about 126- to 138-fold for scenario II (43 years of simultaneous above and below sea level minings).  相似文献   

Application of Tree-Based Predictive Models to Forecast Air Overpressure Induced by Mine Blasting     

Ramesh Murlidhar  Bhatawdekar  Yazdani Bejarbaneh  Behnam  Jahed Armaghani  Danial  Mohammed  Ahmed Salih  Tonnizam Mohamad  Edy 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(2):1865-1887

Natural Resources Research - In surface mines and underground excavations, every blasting operation can have some destructive environmental impacts, among which air overpressure (AOp) is of major...  相似文献   

Spent Mushroom Compost as Biosorbent for Dye Biosorption          下载免费PDF全文

Aslı Toptas  Salih Demierege  Ebru Mavioglu Ayan  Jale Yanik 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(12):1721-1728

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Effects of the planned ephesus recreational canal on freshwater–seawater interface in the Selçuk sub-basin, İzmir-Turkey     

M. Zeki. Camur  Hasan Yazicigil 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(2):229-237

An artificial water canal opening is planned between the Agean Sea and the historical Ephesus site for the sake of tourism in the Selçuk sub-basin. In order to predict the effects of the planned canal on freshwater–seawater interface and related contamination in the aquifer, 3-D numerical density dependent flow and solute transport simulations were carried out. The simulations included the pre-pumping and pumping periods without a canal and the prediction period in the presence of the canal. Chloride concentration comparisons of the results obtained from the pre-pumping period and the pumping period indicate that the freshwater-seawater interface in the aquifer has progressed inland due to artificial discharge in the sub-basin. Drawdown during the pumping period is about 15 cm. The planned canal opening could further lower the groundwater levels in the area and would change the groundwater flow directions in the first 4 years. Then the levels and flow directions will nearly recover. However, the canal opening could cause further seawater intrusion into the aquifer to the extent that groundwater would be unfit to use for irrigation after the seventh year of the canal opening in the irrigation cooperative II wells area and would be unfit to use for drinking purposes after the tenth year in the municipality wells area located at the south of the cooperative II wells. On the other hand, the cooperative I wells would not be effected by the opening of the canal.  相似文献   

A modified model for interstellar extinction     

N. L. Jabir  S. R. Jabbar  S. A. H. Salih  Q. S. Majeed 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,123(2):351-362

It is shown that available optical and ultraviolet data relating to the interstellar dust are elegantly explained on the basis of a modified microbal grain model. A model comprised of two biologically derived components, modified under interstellar conditions. Data on interstellar extinction, albedo and polarization may be accounted for by this model.  相似文献   

The Origin and MgCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>–NaCl Variations in an Athalassic Sag Pond: Insights from Chemical and Isotopic Data     

Tiziano Boschetti  Salih Muhammad Awadh  Emma Salvioli-Mariani 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2018,24(2):137-162

The examination of past and new chemical–isotopic data (²H/¹H–¹⁸O/¹⁶O, ¹¹B/¹⁰B and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios) shows the meteoric origin of the Sawa Lake (Muthanna Governorate, Iraq) and its connection with the local aquifers, which feed the lake via the groundwater emerging from its floor through fault systems. The chemical and isotopic evaporation models are traced by geochemical computer codes by using a different composition of some potential inflows to the lake (e.g., the Euphrates River and Dammam aquifer). The main product of the chemical evaporation models is gypsum, as confirmed by the mineralogical examination of the sediment and the surrounding outcrops. A strong ¹⁸O–²H enrichment is a consequence of the evaporation effect in arid regions; δ¹⁸O–Cl models and δ¹¹B?=?+?23.4‰ exclude the contribution of any seawater-derived fluids. This latter value along with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr?=?0.707989 suggests a mixed origin from the Eocene–Miocene aquifers. The isotope and chemical evaporation paths from the meteorically recharged sources match the lake composition. However, compositional switches from NaCl toward MgCl₂ occurred in the last decade and are related to post-drought periods, showing that the interaction of the recharging waters with the local soils (Na–Mg exchange and/or the leaching of the top layer salts) have a role in the chemical composition. This demonstrates that the lake is significantly influenced by climatic variations.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and mineralogical composition of the airborne particles of sand dunes and dust storms settled in Iraq and their environmental impacts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Salih Muhammad Awadh 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(8):2247-2256

Five dust storms that occurred in 2008 (15 March, 11 April, 28 April, 25, May and 26 June) in addition to the many sand dunes disseminated in the Western Desert of Iraq are sampled. The worse dust storm that occurred in Iraq in 11 April, 2008 covered 75% of the Iraq area and deposited 6.9?million tons approximately as a total weight of fallout during just 8?h, declining temperature 6°C. During the episodes of dust storms, visibility decreased enormously, no more than 30?m. Many people were taken to hospitals after sustaining breathing problems. Some of them died. Clay fraction is the dominant part in the dust storms forming 70% besides a little silt (20.6%) and sand (9.4%), then classified as mature arkose of clay to sandy clay, whereas sand dunes are formed from 72.7% sand, 25.1% silt and 2.19% clay, then classified as mature arkose of silty sand. Sand dunes have much maturity. Mineralogical composition of dust storms and sand dunes are Quartz (49.2%, 67.1%), feldspar (4.9%, 20.9%), calcite (38%, 5%), gypsum (4.8%, 0.4%), dolomite (0.8%, 1%) and heavy minerals (3.2%, 6.6%), respectively. Heavy mineral suites in the dust storms are represented by zircon, pyroxene, hornblende, chlorite and magnetite; whereas the sand dunes are represented by zircon, tourmaline, garnet and pyroxene, concentrated within sand fraction. Heavy minerals according to satellite images revealed the dry land of Sahara Desert in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula as well as Syria and Jordan were a major source of the dust storms that have occurred in Asia, including Iraq.  相似文献   

Polymetallic sulfide ores hosted in Late Permian carbonate at the Alanish locality,northern Iraq: petrography and mineral chemistry     

Salih M. Awadh  Krzysztof Nejbert 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(9):540

Polymetallic sulfide ores (Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Ag, and Cd) found in the Alanish locality of northern Iraq are hosted by dolostone in the Late Permian Chia Zairi Formation. The Alanish locality is one of several Zn–Pb deposits that are widespread in northern Iraq, situated along the northern passive margin of the Arabian plate. This paper describes the ore deposit classification, mineral chemistry, and paragenetic sequence of the area and proposes an ore formation model. We report the presence of acanthite and greenockite for the first time in Iraq. A brine solution derived from the sedimentary basin formed the primary sulfide ore minerals (sphalerite, galena, acanthite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, greenockite, and marcasite). The pre-tectonic mineralization is characterized by replacement textures including (1) high-Fe, low-Zn, dark-colored, coarse-grained sphalerite; (2) deformed anisotropic coarse-grained galena; and, (3) idiomorphic cubes of crushed pyrite. Conversely, the post-tectonic mineralization is characterized by open-space filling textures, including (1) low-Fe, high-Zn, light-colored, fine aggregated sphalerite; (2) fine-grained galena; and, (3) the existence of acanthite and marcasite. Although galena is an Ag carrier, both mineralization phases contained non-argentiferous galena. Non-sulfides (smithsonite, cerussite, and goethite) have replaced older sulfides in many areas due to supergene process. Gangue minerals present are dolomite, calcite, barite, and siderite. Open spaces and cavity filling of small paleo-karsts, replacement, veins, and veinlets are common features of the ore body. Metals were sourced from brines generated in the sedimentary basin, whereas sulfur was derived from nearby evaporates. Sediment compaction and tectonic activity, probably during Late Cretaceous, were the driving forces that squeezed and moved ore-bearing fluids derived from the sedimentary basin. Multiple stages of ore-bearing fluids were epigenetically intruded into the Late Paleozoic dolostone, forming an epigenetic strata-bound Mississippi Valley-type deposit precipitated under a temperature of 120 °C, as indicated by the cadmium fractionation in sphalerite and galena. Dolomitization and tectonic activity provided the necessary permeability for accumulating ores. The main ore body is directly connected to a fault plane and to adjacent dolostone that is frequently fractured and brecciated.  相似文献