Geodetic and seismologic evidence for slip variability along a blind normal fault in the Umbria-Marche 1997–1998 earthquakes (central Italy)     

Paolo Marco De Martini  Nicola Alessandro Pino  Gianluca Valensise  Salvatore Mazza 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,155(3):819-829

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High precision locations of multiplets on south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna (Italy): reconstruction of fault plane geometry     

Salvatore AlparoneSalvatore Gambino 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2003,135(4):281-289

On 9 January 2001, a seismic swarm, located on the south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna and with nearly identical waveforms, caused some damage to Zafferana Etnea village, 3 km from the epicentral area.An analysis of the seismicity occurring in the last 8 years in this area has revealed other earthquakes with the same characteristics; some pre-empted and followed (up to a few months) the 2001 January swarm, others were recorded more than five years beforehand.Using similarity of waveforms, these earthquakes were classified into three families.The use of a multiplet-technique has allowed to obtain the spatial distribution of the events with higher precision (mean error of 10-20 m) with respect to traditional localization techniques.Mt. Etna earthquakes relocation clearly describes the geometry of the seismogenic tectonic structure; the hypocenters lie on a NE-SW oriented plane that is coincident with one of the focal planes obtained by first-arrival polarities. This alignment is also coherent with one of the main regional tectonic trends cutting the Mt. Etna area, and can be interpreted as a right-lateral strike seismic source on the south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna, distant from eruptive centres, which repeats from time to time and is able to produce strong energy releases.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Curvilinear coordinate transformations for relative motion     

David A. Vallado  Salvatore Alfano 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2016,125(2):263-264

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Characterization of submarine canyon bathymetries in northern Ionian Sea,Italy, using sediment geochemical variation induced by transportation distance and basin depth     

Perri Francesco  Ohta Tohru  Critelli Salvatore 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2015,104(5):1353-1364

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Magma convection and mixing dynamics as a source of Ultra-Long-Period oscillations     

Antonella Longo  Paolo Papale  Melissa Vassalli  Gilberto Saccorotti  Chiara P. Montagna  Andrea Cassioli  Salvatore Giudice  Enzo Boschi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(4):873-880

Many volcanic eruptions are shortly preceded by injection of new magma into a pre-existing, shallow (<10 km) magma chamber, causing convection and mixing between the incoming and resident magmas. These processes may trigger dyke propagation and further magma rise, inducing long-term (days to months) volcano deformation, seismic swarms, gravity anomalies, and changes in the composition of volcanic plumes and fumaroles, eventually culminating in an eruption. Although new magma injection into shallow magma chambers can lead to hazardous event, such injection is still not systematically detected and recognized. Here, we present the results of numerical simulations of magma convection and mixing in geometrically complex magmatic systems, and describe the multiparametric dynamics associated with buoyant magma injection. Our results reveal unexpected pressure trends and pressure oscillations in the Ultra-Long-Period (ULP) range of minutes, related to the generation of discrete plumes of rising magma. Very long pressure oscillation wavelengths translate into comparably ULP ground displacements with amplitudes of order 10⁻⁴–10⁻² m. Thus, new magma injection into magma chambers beneath volcanoes can be revealed by ULP ground displacement measured at the surface.  相似文献   

Long-time variation of soil CO2 fluxes at the summit crater of Vulcano (Italy)     

Salvatore Inguaggiato  Lorenzo Calderone  Claudio Inguaggiato  Agnes Mazot  Sabina Morici  Fabio Vita 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(8):1859-1863

Here, we report the first continuous data of geochemical parameters acquired directly from the active summit crater of Vulcano. This approach provides a means to better investigate deep geochemical processes associated with the degassing system of Vulcano Island. In particular, we report on soil CO₂ fluxes from the upper part of Vulcano, a closed-conduit volcano, from September 2007 to October 2010. Large variations in the soil CO₂ and plume SO₂ fluxes (order of magnitude), coinciding with other discontinuous geochemical parameters (CO₂ concentrations in fumarole gas) and physical parameters (increase of shallow seismic activity and fumarole temperatures) have been recorded. The results from this work suggest new prospects for strengthening geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity and for improving the constraints in the construction of a “geochemical model”, this being a necessary condition to better understand the functioning of volcanic systems.  相似文献   

Occurrence probability of moderate to large earthquakes in Italy based on new geophysical methods     

Dario Slejko  Alessandro Caporali  Mark Stirling  Salvatore Barba 《Journal of Seismology》2010,14(1):27-51

We develop new approaches to calculating 30-year probabilities for occurrence of moderate-to-large earthquakes in Italy. Geodetic techniques and finite-element modelling, aimed to reproduce a large amount of neotectonic data using thin-shell finite element, are used to separately calculate the expected seismicity rates inside seismogenic areas (polygons containing mapped faults and/or suspected or modelled faults). Thirty-year earthquake probabilities obtained from the two approaches show similarities in most of Italy: the largest probabilities are found in the southern Apennines, where they reach values between 10% and 20% for earthquakes of M _W ≥ 6.0, and lower than 10% for events with an M _W ≥ 6.5.  相似文献   

Speedup of post earthquake community recovery: the case of precast industrial buildings after the Emilia 2012 earthquake   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

F. Braga  R. Gigliotti  G. Monti  F. Morelli  C. Nuti  W. Salvatore  I. Vanzi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(5):2405-2418

The Emilia, May–July 2012, earthquake hit a highly industrialized area, where some tens thousands industrial buldings, mainly single storey precast structures, are located. Due to the likelihood of strong after shocks and the high vulnerability of these structures, the authorities first asked for a generalized seismic retrofit after the strong shakings of May 20th. In order to accelerate community recovery, this requirement was later loosened, leaving out the buildings which had undergone a strong enough shaking without any damage; the strong enough shaking was defined with reference to the ultimate limit state design earthquake. To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time that the information on the earthquake intensity and structural damage is used for such a large scale post earthquake simplified safety assessment. In short, the earthquake was used as large experimental test. This paper shows the details of the models and computations made to identify the industrial buildings which have been considered earthquake tested and therefore not compelled to mandatory seismic retrofit. Since earthquake indirect (e.g. due to economic halt) costs may be as large the direct ones, or even larger, it is believed that this method may considerably lower the earthquake total costs and speed up the social and economic recovery of a community.  相似文献   

A late paleo-Indian/Early archaic water well in Mexico—Possible oldest water-Management feature in the new world     

S. Christopher Caran  James A. Neely  Barbara M. Winsborough  Francisca Ramirez Sorensen  Salvatore Valastro 《Geoarchaeology》1996,11(1):1-35

A filled prehistoric water well discovered at the village of San Marcos Necoxtla, Puebla, Mexico, may be the oldest directly dated water-management feature in the Americas. The ∼10 m stratigraphic section exposed at this remarkable site records 18,000+ yr of deposition, erosion, water-table and hydrochemical fluctuations, and ≥10,000 yr of continual occupation. Temporal control is afforded by a multicomponent cultural chronology and radiocarbon assays by conventional and experimental techniques. The ∼10 m wide, ∼5 m deep well was excavated, utilized, maintained, and filled with cultural material between <9863 and ≫5950 yr B.P., a span of ≪3913 yr. Ages of other reported Late Pleistocene(?) to Middle Holocene wells in the New World are based on indirect or questionable dating, or are ≤6600 yr. Because of its age and continuity of occupation, the San Marcos Necoxtla well site may help define the nature of the peopling of the Americas and the advent of New World agriculture. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

Contribution of CO2 and H2S emitted to the atmosphere by plume and diffuse degassing from volcanoes: the Etna volcano case study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pedro A. Hernández  Gladys Melián  Salvatore Giammanco  Francesco Sortino  José Barrancos  Nemesio M. Pérez  Eleazar Padrón  Manuela López  Amy Donovan  Toshiya Mori  Kenji Notsu 《Surveys in Geophysics》2015,36(3):327-349

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