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971.
Ninad R. Bondre Raymond A. Duraiswami Gauri Dole 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(4):809-817
The nature and style of emplacement of Continental Flood Basalt (CFB) lava flows has been a matter of great interest as well
as considerable controversy in the recent past. However, even a cursory review of published literature reveals that the Columbia
River Basalt Group (CRBG) and Hawaiian volcanoes provide most of the data relevant to this topic. It is interesting to note,
however, that the CRBG lava flows and their palaeotopographic control is atypical of other CFB provinces in the world. In
this paper, we first present a short overview of important studies pertaining to the emplacement of flood basalt flows. We
then briefly review the morphology of lava flows from the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) and the Columbia-Oregon Plateau flood
basalts. The review underscores the existence of significant variations in lava flow morphology between different provinces,
and even within the same province. It is quite likely that there were more than one way of emplacing the voluminous and extensive
CFB lava flows. We argue that the establishment of general models of emplacement must be based on a comprehensive documentation
of lava flow morphology from all CFB provinces. 相似文献
972.
Helen Ruth Aspaas 《GeoJournal》2004,61(3):281-289
Women in many rural areas of the US often engage in small-scale businesses as one of several avenues for contributing to household
incomes. In those geographical areas that contain a significant minority population, many of the women's businesses display
the cultural diversity of the regions in which they live. Likewise, women's roles as economic providers as well as wives and
mothers are reflected in the manner in which they operate their businesses. Candida Brush suggests that women's strategies
for operating their businesses are highly integrative because women's business decisions are intertwined with familial responsibilities,
household economic demands and desires to contribute to their communities. Hispanic and Native American women in the Four
Corners region of southwestern US and African American women in central Virginia participated in interviews in which they
responded to numerous short answer and open-ended questions about their businesses and decision-making strategies. From these
interviews an image emerges of rural minority business women who are operating their businesses at the nexus of family obligations,
economic necessities, cultural ties and with a commitment for serving their communities.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
973.
S. O. Asamu 《GeoJournal》2004,61(2):183-189
There is a general shortage of potable water in Nigeria, partly through the lack of natural provision and partly because of
rapid urban growth that has largely been unplanned. The paper describes the recent redevelopment of a public water facility
in a run-down area of Ibadan which is part of the Sustainable Ibadan Project. Despite funding from national and international
bodies, the development is strongly based at community level. The local inhabitants feel they have control over their own
water supply through their representatives on the various planning and managing committees. This aims to reduce vandalism
and to increase pride and involvement in the community.
The project is a pilot for other projects around Ibadan, some of which have begun and others are being planned. This paper
describes the administrative structures and management principles that have been employed. It forcefully advocates community-based
planning and management which respects both the environment and the water-users, and involves a major “bottom-up” element.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
974.
975.
Z. X. Zhang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2004,37(3):239-248
976.
The Kundal area of Malani Igneous Suite consists of volcano-plutonic rocks. Basalt flows and gabbro intrusives are associated
with rhyolite. Both the basic rocks consist of similar mineralogy of plagioclase, clinopyroxene as essential and Fe-Ti oxides
as accessories. Basalt displays sub-ophitic and glomeroporphyritic textures whereas gabbro exhibits sub-ophitic, porphyritic
and intergrannular textures. They show comparable chemistry and are enriched in Fe, Ti and incompatible elements as compared
to MORB/CFB. Samples are enriched in LREE and slightly depleted HREE patterns with least significant positive Eu anomalies.
Petrographical study and petrogenetic modeling of [Mg]-[Fe], trace and REE suggest cogenetic origin of these basic rocks and
they probably derived from Fe-enriched source with higher Fe/Mg ratio than primitive mantle source. Thus, it is concluded
that the basic volcano-plutonic rocks of Kundal area are the result of a low to moderate degree (< 30%) partial melting of
source similar to picrite/komatiitic composition. Within plate, anorogenic setting for the basic rocks of Kundal area is suggested,
which is in conformity with the similar setting for Malani Igneous Suite. 相似文献
977.
Using observational data obtained with the Yohkoh, SOHO, and TRACE satellites, it is shown that the three-dimensional structure of the large solar flare of July 14, 2000 was determined by the topology of the large-scale magnetic field of the active region giving rise to the flare. The locations and shapes of chromospheric ribbons and brightness centers on these ribbons are explained. The observed behavior of the flare is attributed to rapid magnetic reconnection in the corona. The electric field accelerating particles in the reconnecting current sheets is estimated. 相似文献
978.
We analyze the observed parameters of massive extremely close binaries containing Wolf-Rayet stars and black holes, and identify those systems whose supernova outbursts lead to the formation of rapidly rotating Kerr black holes. It is proposed that the formation of such a black hole is accompanied by a strong gamma-ray burst. Several types of observed systems satisfy the conditions necessary for the formation of a Kerr black hole: BH+WR, BH+OB, WR+O, and BH+K,M. 相似文献
979.
We present an analysis of a high-amplitude event in the flux curve of component A of the gravitational lens QSO 2237+0305 observed by the OGLE and GLITP groups in autumn 1999. Hypothesizing this event to be associated with microlensing of a fold caustic, we analyzed the observational data using a method for the successive reconstruction of branches of the one-dimensional strip brightness distribution across the source corresponding to positive and negative arguments. The search for the branches was carried out on compact sets of nonnegative, monotonically nonincreasing, convex downward functions. The resulting shape of the strip brightness distribution for the accretion disk of the quasar is in agreement with results obtained earlier via model fitting. Features in the lensing curve that could be associated with curvature of the caustic, nearness of a cusp, or the influence of nearby caustics are noted. 相似文献
980.
Permian deep‐water mudstones in the Tanqua Basin, South Africa, have been studied using geochemical and spectral gamma ray techniques. The mudstones occur as thick sequences between sand‐rich submarine fans, but also occur as thinner mud‐rich units within each fan. The interfan mudstones are interpreted to have accumulated during transgression and the consequent period of relatively high sea‐level, while the submarine fans and their intrafan mudstones were deposited during regression and relatively low sea‐level. Geochemical analyses revealed systematic differences between interfan and intrafan mudstones because the two types of mudstones have slightly different source lithologies. Differences between the two types of mudstone suggest that changes in relative sea‐level played a role in controlling exposure of sediment source areas. There are geochemical signals that display systematic stratigraphic trends within both interfan and intrafan mudstones. These are best explained by gradual denudation, exposure and weathering of different lithologies within a single sediment source area. Both interfan and intrafan mudstones have uniform geochemical signals along the flow direction except for the relative amount of uranium. It is most likely that the basinward increase in uranium in the mudstones is the result of reduced clastic dilution of uranium‐bearing pelagic fallout. 相似文献