Historical change in lake sedimentation in Lake Takkobu, Kushiro Mire, northern Japan over the last 300 years   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Young Sang Ahn  Shigeru Mizugaki  Futoshi Nakamura  Yugo Nakamura 《Geomorphology》2006,78(3-4):321-334

Environmental degradation, including shallowing, deterioration of aquatic habitat and water pollution, has arisen from the inflow of fine sediment to Lake Takkobu in northern Japan. The lake has experienced gradual environmental degradation due to agricultural development, which has introduced both fine sediment and sediment-associated nutrients into the lake. We have reconstructed the history of sediment yield to Lake Takkobu in Kushiro Mire over the last 300 years and have examined trends with reference to land-use development. Fifteen lake sediment core samples were obtained, and various physical variables of lake sediments were analyzed and dated using ¹³⁷Cs and tephrochronology. The physical variables showed that all points contained mainly silt, except for two points close to the river mouths, where the mean diameter was < 35 μm. The peaks were defined as a “signal” when the physical variables were synchronous in a profile. These were created by floods and engineering works constructing drainage systems. The signal of canal construction in 1898 was detected in all core points. Lake Takkobu core samples contained two tephra layers. From the refractive indices of dehydrated glasses, the lower tephra layer was identified as Ko-c2 (1694) and the upper tephra layer as Ta-a (1739). A clear peak in the ¹³⁷Cs concentration was detected at all the sampling points, except for the site close to the Takkobu River. This site showed two peaks in the ¹³⁷Cs concentration, which was attributed to perturbation from flood events and a drainage project. The maximum ¹³⁷Cs concentration was identified as the sediment surface from 1963, enveloped by the 1962 and 1964 signals. The sediment yield averaged over the last 300 years for Lake Takkobu was reconstructed for four periods using the signal, tephra and ¹³⁷Cs as marker layers. The sediment yield under the natural erosion condition for the first two periods was 226 tons/year from 1694 to 1739 and 196 tons/year from 1739 to 1898. The development of the Takkobu watershed started in 1880s with partial deforestation and channelization in 1898, 1959, and 1962 leading to an increased sedimentation yield of 1016 tons/year from 1898 to 1963. Continued deforestation, channelization works in 1964, road construction in 1980–1990s, as well as agriculture development caused a further increase to 1354 tons/year from 1963 to 2004. Compared to the averaged natural sedimentation yield of 206 tons/year until 1898, initial land-use development in a catchment accelerated lake sedimentation, indicated by the 5-fold sediment yield. With increasing agricultural development since 1960s, sedimentation yields were highest for 1963–2004; a 7-fold increase compared with pre-impact conditions. To reduce sediment yield, riparian buffers along the rivers should be preserved or rebuilt, and sluices may function effectively during short-term periods of flooding. Environmental management policy and laws restricting uncontrolled and inappropriate land-use might help in addition to ensure longer-term environmental health by reducing the sedimentation rate.  相似文献   

Recent carbon and nitrogen uptake rates of phytoplankton in Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea     

Sang H. Lee  Terry E. Whitledge  Sung-Ho Kang 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

Cruises to Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea in US waters from late June in 2002 to early September in 2004 and the Russian–American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) research cruise in 2004 covered all major water masses and contributed to a better understanding of the regional physics, nutrient dynamics, and biological systems. The integrated concentration of the high nitrate pool in the central Chukchi Sea was greater in this study than in previous studies, although the highest nitrate concentration (∼22 μM) in the Anadyr Water mass passing through the western side of Bering Strait was consistent with prior observations. The chlorophyll-a concentrations near the western side of the Diomede Islands ranged from 200 to 400 mg chl-a m⁻² and the range in the central Chukchi Sea was 200–500 mg chl-a m⁻² for the 2002–2004 Alpha Helix (HX) cruises. Chlorophyll-a concentrations for the 2004 RUSALCA cruise were lower than those from previous studies. The mean annual primary production of phytoplankton from this study, using a ¹³C–¹⁵N dual-isotope technique, was 55 g C m⁻² for the whole Chukchi Sea and 145 g C m⁻² for the plume of Anadyr–Bering Shelf Water in the central Chukchi Sea. In contrast, the averages of annual total nitrogen production were 13.9 g N m⁻² (S.D.=±16.2 g N m⁻²) and 33.8 g N m⁻² (S.D.=±14.1 g N m⁻²) for the Chukchi Sea and the plume, respectively. These carbon and nitrogen production rates of phytoplankton were consistently two-or three-fold lower than those from previous studies. We suggest that the lower rates in this study, and consequently more unused nitrate in the water column, were caused by lower phytoplankton biomass in the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea. However, we do not know if the lower rate of production from this study is a general decreasing trend or simply temporal variations in the Chukchi Sea, since temporal and geographical variations are substantially large and presently unpredictable.  相似文献   

城市热岛效应的分析解   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

桑建国 《气象学报》1986,44(2):251-255

热岛环流是一种成因复杂的中尺度环流现象。目前的观测分析能力尚无法区分出形成热岛环流的各个因子的相对重要性。例如城市上空的垂直运动和水平风速变化是由粗糙度增加和稳定度减少综合作用的结果,但观测上不能分别估计出这两种作用的大小。数值模拟方法有可能从量级上试验出不同因子的作用大小,但还不能深入到现象和成因  相似文献   

山东玲珑和郭家岭岩体的同位素年龄及其地质意义   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18  

胡世玲  王松山  桑海清  裘冀  张任祜 《岩石学报》1987,3(3)

本文采用~(40)K-Ar/~(39)Ar快中子活化和K-Ar稀释法定年技术对玲珑岩体和郭家岭岩体进行了年龄测定。~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar阶段加热年龄谱表明,玲珑岩体和郭家岭岩体的坪年龄分别为164.2±0.7Ma和134.8±1.7Ma,其形成时代同属燕山期,为同一成因不同阶段的产物。同位素年龄提供的数据支持了两岩体为交代混合岩化的成因观点。~(40)Ar/~(39)At和K-Ar年龄结果还表明:角闪石和黑云母均是~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar理想定年矿物,对K-Ar法而言,角闪石最理想,黑云母次  相似文献   

Molecular diversity of phytoplankton in the East China Sea around Jeju Island (Korea), unraveled by pyrosequencing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daphne Georgina Faria  Man-Duck Lee  Joon-Baek Lee  Juyun Lee  Man Chang  Seok Hyun Youn  Young Sang Suh  Jang-Seu Ki 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(1):11-23

The East China Sea (ECS) around Jeju Island lies in a transitional region between the temperate and subtropical zones and is influenced by the Kuroshio Current. Hence, this area has been considered an important monitoring site for oceanic ecosystem changes. Herein, we assessed the community structure and diversity of the phytoplankton in the ECS around Jeju Island using small subunit ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing. We analyzed eight samples collected from the surface and at 30 m- and/or 50-m depths from two neritic and oceanic stations each from 24–30 April 2011. Comparisons of 15,498 pyrosequences identified 172 phylotypes of phytoplankton, excluding cyanobacteria, from the four surface stations. These pyrosequences were represented by dinoflagellates (29 %), stramenopiles (31 %), and chlorophytes (>39 %), with minor contributions from cryptophytes, haptophytes, and Telonemia. Phylotypes retrieved at 30- and 50-m depths were very similar to the surface samples. However, phylotype diversity and community structure varied considerably with the stations. Dominant phylotypes included Karlodinium veneficum, Ostreococcus tauri, Skeletonema marinoi, and Thalassiosira curviseriata, and many of the detected phylotypes include new records for the present study area. This study provides a valuable phylotype reference for future phytoplankton community structure and diversity studies with regard to marine environmental changes.  相似文献   

1961—2017年岳阳人体舒适度变化特征     

桑友伟  孟蕾 《气象与环境科学》2020,43(1):52-58

利用1961-2017年岳阳市国家气象观测站日平均气温、日平均相对湿度和日平均风速资料计算逐日人体舒适度指数,并采用线性倾向估计方法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验及小波分析法分析年平均指数和各等级日数的变化特征。结果表明:19612017年岳阳舒适日数最多,冷不舒适日数次之,热不舒适日数最少;岳阳较舒适的月份是5月和10月,最热不舒适的月份是7月和8月,最冷不舒适的月份是1月;近57年来岳阳人体舒适度指数数值显著上升,主要原因是受到冷不舒适日数减少、舒适日数和热不舒适日数增多等因素共同影响;各月份不同级别日数发生了较大的变化,冷不舒适日数减少、舒适日数增多的变化在3月最明显,舒适日数减少、热不舒适日数增加的变化在7月最明显;岳阳春、秋、冬三季越来越暖,而夏季变得更热;岳阳人体舒适度各级别日数呈现出显著的周期变化,1991年冬季至1992年是岳阳人体舒适度发生突变的时间段;未来几年中岳阳冷不舒适日数将会比2017年的增加,热不舒适日数会先增加后减少,舒适日数将会减少。  相似文献   

济宁泰安菏泽地区采煤塌陷地复垦措施探讨          下载免费PDF全文

鲁晓威  李洪亮  刘红  于桑  张君  乔月 《山东国土资源》2021,37(7)

由煤炭开采造成的地表塌陷问题日趋严重,探索适宜煤矿塌陷区的复垦模式及土地复垦技术措施,对提高土地复垦利用率和生产潜力具有十分重要的意义。该文以济宁市、泰安市、菏泽市为例,介绍了区内采煤塌陷地现状及特点,以采煤塌陷复垦工程为基础,确定了区内复垦模式包括"先破坏,后治理"的传统复垦模式和"边采边复"的动态预复垦模式,对比分析了复垦模式间的优缺点;研究了不同土地复垦技术措施的适用条件。该文认为济宁市、泰安市采煤塌陷复垦适宜采用"先破坏,后治理"的传统复垦模式,菏泽市采煤塌陷复垦适宜采用"边采边复"的动态预复垦模式。在传统复垦模式下,对研究区内采煤塌陷程度较轻、满足农业复垦条件的,适宜采取土地平整法、疏排水法、削高填法低、充填法、生物修复法等复垦技术措施,对无法复垦治理为耕地的重度塌陷区,建议综合采取直接利用法、挖深垫浅法等复垦技术措施。  相似文献   

Winter distribution of diatom assemblages along the coastline of R. O. Korea in 2010     

Joon Sang Park  Kyun-Woo Lee  Seung Won Jung  Taek-Kyun Lee  Hyoung Min Joo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(6):68-77

Diatoms are a globally successful and eukaryotic photosynthetic organism with an ornamented silica external wall. The relationship between their valve morphology and habitat means that diatoms can be used as bioindicators to characterize the aquatic environment. To estimate the differential distribution and diversity of diatom assemblages along the coastal line, we collected phytoplankton samples from 114 coastal sites of waters of R. O. Korea. We applied the unweighted pair-group technique usin...  相似文献   

Exploring job centers by accessibility using fuzzy set approach: the case study of the Columbus MSA     

Changjoo Kim  Sunhee Sang  Hyowon Ban 《GeoJournal》2014,79(2):209-222

When comparing accessibility, the interpretation of results is complex because of lack of standard or universal norm. This uncertainty issue of the distinction from the lack of standard can be solved using the multi-level approach of fuzzy set: universal, relative, and absolute index. Since a fuzzy set approach deals with the vagueness and indiscernibility of accessibility index, the proposed approach suggests a better solution to classify the index than a crisp set or even a single-level fuzzy set approach. In this study, we evaluate job accessibility of locations in the Columbus MSA in Ohio, USA for 18 worker groups. The uncertain distinction between strong/weak, rich/poor, and higher/lower accessibility is improved by the multi-level approach. Moreover, this study attempts to enhance our understanding of spatial structure of job accessibility disaggregated by occupation type and gender.  相似文献   

干旱草原覆盖区非矿致化探异常的识别与解释—以内蒙古洪根尼乎都格草原D2选区为例     

于桑 《地质与勘探》2014,50(6):1118-1125

受自然因素的影响,干旱草原覆盖区化探异常往往存在多解性和不确定性,如何对非矿致化探异常进行有效识别和解释对降低勘探风险具有极为重要的现实意义。内蒙古洪根尼乎都格干旱草原景观覆盖区(D2选区)为乌日尼图式找矿预测重点验证区。通过1∶2.5万的常规化探工作,在该区内发现了明显的Cu、Mo、W异常。结合已有的化探资料,以及典型土壤样品主微量元素测试,矿物成分分析,Cu、Mo相态分析的结果,对该覆盖区覆盖物的物源进行了初步判断并研究了重点成矿元素Cu、Mo的异常成因:发现Cu、Mo异常区与背景区内覆盖物来源有明显差异,判断该区Cu、Mo异常为非矿致异常。同时在此研究基础上提出了在覆盖区化探工作中识别与解释非矿致异常的思路和方法。  相似文献